Introduction to Information and

Communications Technology
By: IAN ACAMPADO
 OVERVIEW
 One of the newest perspectives that evolved caused by the development of technology is the digital self.
This has become one of the most important aspect that must be looked into when one tries to understand
the self. (Balotol et al, 2018)
 People are so much attracted to technology that it can even be considered as part of the human needs. One
aspect that certainly contributes to this development is the natural need of the human person to Belong.
This is called the “belongingness hypothesis” by Baumeister and Leary (1995).
 Abraham Maslow (1971) identified the human hierarchy of needs. These needs are Physiological/ basic,
Safety and security, Social, Self-esteem, Self actualization. The human need for socialization is seen as the
driving force for human beings to be attracted to technology.
 Technology has become the avenue for socialization and interaction. It created a virtual world where
people of different race are able to interact.
IT versus ICT
 ICT is technology that supports activities involving information such as gathering,
processing, storing and presenting date.
 IT pertains to the industry that involves computers, software, networking, and other IT
infrastructure to help relay or manage information important in modern-day living as seen
primarily in large companies or corporations.
 Simply, IT is a subset of ICT
Information, Communication, Technology
INFORMATION
 Refers to the knowledge obtained from reading, investigation, study, or research.
 Processed information is knowledge, which is important in day to day living.
COMMUNICATION
 is an act of transmitting messages. It is a process of exchanging or transmitting
information.
TECHNOLOGY
 Machinery and equipment developed from the application of scientific knowledge.
Evolution of Technology
 Human person plays a central role in the development of Technology. IT is part of Human
nature to find easier ways to do his daily activities. Technology starts with basic tool such
as hammer, hacksaw, nails. (Tayunan and Eleazar, 2019)
 By combining set of tools people come up with machines which can do tasks faster and
efficient, such as wheels. From wheels a bicycle to more complex motorized vehicle.
Computer is another type of machine that is considered a necessity.
 Computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its
own memory, that can accept and manipulate data according to specified rules to produce
results and store results.
 Automation has been one of the common feature of evolution of technology. It is the
technique of making an apparatus process or operate automatically.
History of Computer

 Computers have evolved from simply fro research purposes to be more compact and
mobile. There are five generations of computer based on design, suitability, and reliability.
 First-generation (1946-1959): Developed and designed by J. Presper Eckert and Jhon W.
Mauchly from University of Pennsylvania in 1946. It was financeb by the U.S Army. Its
original name is Electronic Numeric Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC).
 ENIAC is capable of performing several functions but can store only a limited information
and do arithmetic operations such as addition and subtraction of up to 10 digits. IT was
roughly 167 square meters in size, and weighed 27 tons.
History of Computer

 Second-generation Computer (1959-1965)

 The second-generation computers used the transistor as interior section. Transistors were
smaller, faster, and more dependable than the vacuum tubes of the first-gen computers.
They generated less heat and consumed less electricity but were still very costly.
History of Computers

 Third-generation (1965-1971):
 Jack Kilby invented the integrated circuit (IC) that replaced the transistors as the interior.
An IC has several transistors, resistors, and capacitors that even the full circuit board of
transistor can be replaced entirely with one chip. This chip made the computers smaller,
unfailing, and effective.
 In this third-gen computers, remote processing, time sharing, and multiprogramming
operating system were used.
History of Computer

 Fourth-generation (1971-1980):
 Very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits were used. IT has 5,000 transistors and other
circuit elements elements connected on a single chip known as Microprocessor.
 Computers on this time are more powerful, dense, reliable, and inexpensive.
 Other application of this microprocessor technology can be used and applied for pocket
calculators, television sets, automotive devices, and audio and video appliances.
History of Computer

 Fifth-generation computer:
 VLSI has evolved into ULSI or Large-scale integration. This microprocessor has 10
million electronic components.
 AI or Artificial Intelligence- natural language, and expert systems that interpret the means
and practices of producing computers that think like human being.
Components of a computer

 Hardware – pertains to the computers physical devices.

- It can be touched or seen.
 Software – applications or programs that command the computers.
Input and Output Devices

 Input devices enter or send data and instructions from the user or from another computer
system on the internet.
 Output devices send back the administered data to the user or tp another computer system.
 KeyboardPrinter
 Mouse Monitor
 Trackball Speaker
 Touchpad
 Microphone
 Scanner
 Camera
System Unit

 Is the enclosure composed of the main elements of a computer that are used to administer
data.
 This also referred to as computer case or tower.

 Motherboard – the part of system unit where the primary components of a computers with
connectors into which other circuit boards can be positioned.
Storage Devices

 Flash disk drive – a small portable device often referred to as pen drives, thumb drives, or
jump drives.
 Hard disk drive – a non volatile memory which permanently stores and retrieves data.
 Compact disc – a flat, round, and portable metal disc. CD-ROM and DVD - ROM
Classifications of computer

 Personal computer
 Workstation
 Minicomputer
 Mainframe
 Supercomputer
Types of computer

 Desktop computers
 Laptop computers
 Tablet computers
 Smartphones
 Wearable
 Smart TVs
Why Computers are powerful

 Speed
 Reliability and Consistency
 Accuracy
 Communication
Media in Digital Age

 Media refers to the means of communication that uses unique tools to interconnect among
people.
 Message
 Medium
 Messenger
Current Trends

 IoT and smart home technology

 Augmented reality and virtual reality
 Machine learning (Artificial intelligence)
 Face ID
 A11 bionic
 Ios 11
 Wireless charging
 Augmented reality
 Automation
 Big Data
 Physical-digital integrations
 Everything on demand
Evolution of Media

 Woodcut printing press 15th century

 Johanes Gutenberg
 Broadcasting and recorded media 1900
 UGC
References

 Tayuan, R. & Eleazar, M., (2019) “Living in the INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY era”.
Philippines: C&E Publishing house.
 Balotol, R., (2018) “Understanding the self”. Philippines: Mutya Publishing house.