GENERATIONS

OF COMPUTER

Chitransha Tripathi
211/IBT/033
 COMPUTER
DEFINITION
A device that manipulates information, or
data is called computer. It has the ability
to store, retrieve, and process data

COMPONENTS
The machinery that includes wires,
transistors, circuits, hard disk are called
hardware. Whereas, the programs and
data are called software.
 Evolving Hardware
Generation Timeline

First Generation 1940s – 1950s Vacuum tube based

Second Generation 1950s – 1960s Transistor based

Third Generation 1960s – 1970s Integrated circuit based

Fourth Generation 1972 onwards Microprocessor based

Parallel Processing
Fifth Generation Present and the Future
Hardware and AI based
 FirstGeneration
First Generation
Introduced in 1946

Used vacuum tubes as the CPU and magnetic drum

for storing the data

Size of the computer is as large as a room and

limited to basic operation

Used the punch cards, magnetic tape, paper tape for

entering the input, and storing output and data

It uses the machine language to take the input

known as 1GL

Eg. ENIAC, UNIVAC, EDSAC, and EDVAC.

 Downpoints
• They had slow • Because they used • They produced so
input and output vacuum tubes, they much heat that
devices, were slow were very adequate air
in processing, and unreliable and conditioning was
had small storage required a lot of critical to protect
capacities. power to run the computer parts.

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 Second
Second
Generation
Generation
Used the transistor in the place of vacuum tubes

Transistors were smaller, less expensive, generated

almost no heat, and required very little power.

The use of small, long lasting transistors also

increased processing speeds and reliability.

The introduction of magnetic tape and magnetic

core as the primary storage and magnetic disk as
secondary storage greatly increased the storage
capacity

Eg. IBM 1620, IBM 7094, CDC 1604, CDC 3600,

UNIVAC 1108.
 Other Features
• It used the high- • They were more
level of computer • Computational reliable and less
languages by taking time decreased prone to hardware
the input as from microseconds failure. So, frequent
COBOL, to milliseconds maintenance wasn’t
FORTRAN, etc. really required.

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 ThirdGeneration
Third Generation
This was the first generation where the application of IC (integrated
circuit) took place in computers. The size was greatly reduced.

Transistors were miniatured and placed on silicon chips called

semiconductors

Operating system was introduced thus the device could run many
applications.

Now, instead of punch cards users interacted with the computer

through keyboard and monitor.

Used the COBOL, FORTRAN-II to FORTRAN-IV, PASCAL,

ALGOL-68, BASIC to perform complex operations and produce
accurate results.

Eg. IBM-360 series, PDP (Personal Data Processor), Honeywell-

6000 series and IBM-370/168.
 Fourth Generation
Fourth Generation
Microprocessors were introduced

A microprocessor chip is made from hundreds of

Integrated Circuits (Ics) constructed on a single
silicon chip.

They were more adaptable, had a larger primary

storage capacity, were faster and more reliable, were
portable, were very compact and small thus required
little electricity compared to its predecessors

This generation of computers had the first

“supercomputers” that could perform many
calculations accurately. Multiple high-level
languages like BASIC, PASCAL, COBOL,
FORTRAN, and C language were developed.

IBM introduced the first computer for home users

 Salient Features
• The Graphics User
• fourth-generation Interface (GUI)
computers aided in the • The corporation Intel technology was used to
development of the provide users with
was the first to build a
personal computer (PC) better comfort. During
microprocessor.
revolution, first this time, PCs became
developed by IBM more inexpensive and
widespread.

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 FifthGeneration
Fifth Generation
VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration)
technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten
million electronic components.

This generation of computers was based upon parallel processing

hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. AI is an emerging
branch in computer science, which interprets the means and method of
making computers think like human beings.

All kinds of high-level languages such as C and C++, .Net, Java and more
are used. In Voice Recognition Systems is built in to interact with the user
in common language.

Eg. UltraBook, Chromebook, Notebook, Desktop

 Downpoints
• In manufacturing and
• We are becoming a automobile industries
little too dependent on they are rapidly being • Unethical use of these
these computers which used, the tasks that
computers have lead to
affects us negatively in were once performed by
many cybercrimes
terms of personal humans are now done
development by these computers
resulting in job loss.

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THANK YOU