PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION REVIEWER Advantages of oral com.

• facilitates close contact & promotes

COMMUNICATION mutual exchange of thoughts &
information.
• symbolic interaction with 2 of more people • allows the superior to make rapid
that influence other people behavior. evaluation of subordinates evaluation.
• p rocess of meaning-making • helps in bringing a responsive and
• inevitable (cannot remove) supportive moral among employee and
• transmission of knowledge organization.

EXTRA LINGUISTIC COMMUNICATION

communicares to share ideas in common
commoners (common)
Types of verbal communication PA
RA
NG

LANGUAGE MODES
LIN
•Verbal communication - face to face, GU I
IST GN
spoken/written
IC SI
WRITING &
•Non-verbal - action, facial expression, READING
METALINGUISTIC
gestures S
LI PEE
TIC ST C
IS EN H &
STATEMENT N GU IN
N -LI G
• the ability to communicate effectively NO
through speaking & writing is highly valued
and demand in our society. LINGUISTIC
• this include the following, attitude of
DIFFERENT LEVEL OF COMMUNICATION voice that accompany the words we say.
•Intrapersonal • can affect and change the meaning of the
•Interpersonal word.
•Group Attributes of voice

•Mass • vocal quality • pitch

Setting • tempo • juncture
•informal - colocial, gay lengu METALINGUISTIC
•formal - have rules to follow ~ abstract element that takes place into
Speech mind of the communicators.
- considered as the most miraculous ~ enables the language user to think about
- produce civilization language independently of his/her
- essential to growth of human personality. comprehension.
EXTRA LINGUISTIC
~ aspect does not uses words but may
3 fundamental objectives
enhance or change the linguistic code.
1. We speak for self expression
NON LINGUISTIC
2. We speak to communicate.
~ devices used in conveying message
3. control human behavior without entirely relying on the speech he
language.
Oral communication NON LINGUISTIC CATEGORIES
-process by which thoughts are transferred 1. Kinesics ~ language of the body
with one another through the use of words. 2. Proxemics ~ space
(spoken) 3. Oculetics ~ study of eye contact
• requires oral skills 4. Haptics ~ touch
• oral skills - foundation literacy, able to 5. Chronemics ~ time
speak & listen. 6. Olfactics ~ smell
7. Artifactual ~ object
 MODES OF COMMUNICATION

• linear Harold D. Lasswell (1948)

~ Aristotle (300 B.C) • also known as action model or one way
~ Lasswell (1948) model of communication.
~ Berlo (1960) • one of the most influential com. model
• Transactional 5 components of Lasswell model
~ Shannon & Weaver model (1948) • Who (sender) ~ source of info, control
•Interactive • analysis
~ Schramm's model (1940) • says what (message) ~ content analysis
• channel (medium) ~ media use
~ Frank dance, Hellical Dance model (1967)
• To whom receiver) ~ audience analysis
• Effect (feedback) ~ the effect
COMPONENT OF LINEAR
• Sender. • channel
CRITICISM
• Encoding • receiver
• Decoding • noise • does not have feedback & ignore noise
• message • model is general/very simple
• more focus on the outcome and
Aristotle model of communication (300 BC) generally use for media pursuation.
~ first & earliest communication
~ one way process TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
~ most important element (speaker) • without verbal response the sender
~ most common model cannot be sure that the receiver got the
Criticism message as intended.
•no feedback / no concept • exchange of message and receive where
•one way (speaker to audience) in each take turns to receive.

David Berlo Model (1960) SMCR CRITICISM

• SMCR (source, message, channel,
received)
• describe the factor affecting the
individual component in the
communication.
• focuses on encoding & decoding
Criticism
• both people must be similar according to
all factor mentioned.
• no feedback, the effect I not considered
• no concept of noise or any barrier
• feedback is less important
• applicable for interpersonal/mass com.
• simultaneous
Shannon & Weaver model (1948)
• the concept of "noise"
• Telephone model
• also called information theory
• mechanical & mathematical model
• mother of all model
INTERACTIVE MODEL
•Schramm'ss model
~ view communication as a process
• Hellical model
~ dynamic process (cylinder or cone)
 LANGUAGE OF COMMUNICATION
Language
~ most effective medium obf
communication.
~ a tool used in expressing ideas & feelings,
to achieve understanding.
PROPERTIES OF LANGUAGE
1. SYSTEMATIC ~ highly organized system
2. ARBITARY ~ no necessary connection
between the sound & object
3. DUAL STRUCTURE ~ meaning (syntax)
sounds (chronology)
4. RULE GOVERNED ~ grammar of the
language
5. GENERATIVE ~ speakers ability to
understand and produce any number of
sentences.
6. SOCIALLY LEARNED BEHAVIOR ~
culturally transmitted
7. SOCIAL INTERACTIVE TOOL ~ more
reason to interact to other people
When we communicate we use
93 % (non-verbal)
(38% ~ tone & infection, 55% ~ facial
expressions)
7% (verbal)
Elements of Communication
1. Participants
~ sender (encodes) receiver ~ (decodes)
2. Context ~ interrelated conditions of
communication
•Factors
a. Physical Milieu ~
surroundings/environments
b. Social milieu ~ nature of relationship
among true communication.
c. Cultural milieu ~ beliefs, values, or
norms
d. Historical milieu ~ communication is
affected by history.
3. Message ~ meaning, ideas, feelings,
that sent by verb or non-verbal
4. Channel ~ means accessing the
messages related if it is visual or
auditory channel.
• 2 types
a. visual channel ~ light mass
(nonverbal)
b. auditory channel ~ sounds mass
(verbal)
c. semantic noise (unintentional)
d. mechanical noise ~ use of technology
5. Noise/interference ~ the distraction
6. Feedback ~ signifies verbal or non-
verbal response of messages.
9 PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
1. Clarity ~ language is understandable
2. Concreteness ~ supported by facts
(research data, statistics etc)
3. Courtesy ~ being polite, manner
4. Correctness ~ grammar must be
correct
5. Consideration ~ consider receivers
ability
6. Creativity ~ able to add elements
7. Conciseness ~ simplicity & directness
8. Cultural sensitivity ~ background,
lifestyle of others
9. Captivity ~ make messages interesting
(attention & response)
ETHNICS OF COMMUNICATION
branch of philosophy that focuses on
right or wrong
~ characteristic of ethical communicator
• respect audience
• Consider the result of com.
• Accept the result
• Value TRUTH
• use information correctly
• Do not falsify information.
 COMMUNICATION &
GLOBALIZATION
Globalization
~ communication & assimilation
among individuals, ethnicities, races, &
institutions .
~ about improvement
~ no globalization without
communication
••ethnicities - globally - different
culture
~ international trade
Technology
~ serve as help /guide
~ make our life easier
CULTURAL BARRIERS
1. cultural relativism
2. Lack of other culture
3. Discrimination & harassments
4. Languadifferencences
KRIZAN (STRATEGIES) GLOBAL
COMMUNICATOR
• review communication principles
• analyze the message received
• be open to an accepting others culture
• learn about culture & apply what is
learned
• consider language need.
COMMUNICATION &
CULTURE
CULTURE is a code we learn and share
and learning and sharing required
communication .
~communication is an element of
culture.
Intercultural communication
~ first used by Eaward Haul
~ communication between persons
with different culture .
~ another meaning :talking to a person
with same culture.
World culture
~ idea that us traditional barriers
among peope with different people
break down, emphasizing the
communication needs.
diffusion
~ the process by which 2 cultures
learn and adopt maternal and adopt
prop practices from other .
3 forms of Intercultural
• Interracial communication (races)
communicating people with different
races
interethnic communication ( ethnics )
interacting people with different
ethnic group
• International (nation)
communication between people with
diff. resprentative from different
nation .
• Intracultural com.
interacting with same culture ( co-
culture )
2 communication style
LOW context com .
- system that works straight forward
comm
HIGH context com
~ tradition linked communication
system which adheres strongly to
being indirect.-

ENCULTURATION
~ socialization process you go through
to adopt to your society .
2 types of Enculturation
• Frontage culture
~ cultural information that you are
willing to share with others .
• Backstage culture
~ concealed from outsider
ACCULTURATION
~ process of adjusting and adapting to a
new culture .
ETHNOCENTRISM
~ belief that you own cultural
background .
~ encoding values , beliefs , language ,
in verbal and non verbal is correct .
LANGUAGE REGISTER
Language register
~ level and style of your writing .
~ It should be appropmate for the situation
you are In .
~ determines the vocabulary structures in
your writing .
3 types of Language Register
Formal ~ professional writing
Informal ~ casual, conventional
neutral ~ non emotional , sticks to the facts.
( technical writing )
RULES IN FORMAL
• do not use contraction
• spell out numbers less than 100
• use third person point of view
• avoid to much passive voice
• avoid abbreviation & acronym
• do not start sentences with words like and,
but, also.
• always write in a complex sentence
neutral ~ ( non emotional topics ) Dear sir:
~ propose to deliver facts (ex reviews.)
varieties of English
~ world English
language variety " lect "
~ general term of any language, dialect, diff
kinds of register, jargon
~ connected with the word " dialect "
~ refers to any over lapping sub categories.
dialect - regional/social variety
distinguish by grammar , pronounuation or
vocabulary.
register -the way the language speaker use
jargon ~ specialized of professional
occupational group .
Types Of lect
• regional - spoken in particular o region
• sociolect ~ socio economic ex. jejemon
• ethnolect ~ open by specific ethnic group
• idiolect - spoken by each individual .
SPEECH VARIETY
~ concept of domain
DOMAIN
~ social institutions
~ implementation of the rights and duties for
that relationship.