CHAPTER 3: PSYCHOLOGY OF Included in this group are

trips related to business,

TOURISM
conventions, study, and
pursuit of hobbies and
MOTIVATION FOR TRAVEL:
education. Travel would
enhance one’s recognition
and good reputation.

“The key to understanding tourist

motivation is to view vacation travel as a
FOUR CLASSES OF TRAVEL MOTIVATORS: vehicle to satisfy one’s needs and wants.”
1) Physical Motivators
- include those related to RELATIONSHIP OF NEEDS, WANTS, AND
physical rest, sports MOTIVES:
participation, beach ● The difference between a need and
recreation, relaxing want is awareness. This awareness
entertainment, and other must be accompanied by
motivations directly motivation. A motive enables a
connected with health. person to do something. Motivation
2) Cultural Motivators occurs when an individual wants to
- include the desire to know satisfy needs.
about other countries, music, ● To enable a person to be motivated
art, folklore, dances, painting to satisfy a need, an objective or
& religion. goal must be present. An individual
3) Interpersonal Motivators will be motivated to buy a product or
- pertain to the desire to meet service if he perceives that the
other people, visit friends & purchase of that product or service
relatives, escape from will be beneficial in satisfying the
routine, from family & need of which he is now aware.
neighbors.
4) Status & Prestige Motivators
- concerns ego needs &
personal development.
PUSH/PULL METHOD
● According to the push/pull model,
there are push and pull forces in
human motivation. Internal factors
or personal needs “push” people to
travel, while external forces or
attractions “pull” them to certain
destinations.

MASLOW’S THEORY OF MOTIVATION AND

TOURIST MOTIVATORS
TRAVEL MOTIVATION
a) The Need for Escape or Change
● This hierarchy suggests that lower
b) Travel for Health
needs demands more immediate
c) Sports
satisfaction than the satisfaction of
d) Social Contact
higher needs. The first need is
e) Status & Prestige
physical; the other four are
f) Travel for Education
physiological.
g) Personal Goals
h) Cultural Experience
i) Shopping and Bargain Hunting
j) Professional and Business Motives
k) Search for Natural Beauty
THE TOURIST LEARNING PROCESS ● A destination will be included as an
alternative if the destination has
previously satisfied the traveler. The
level of satisfaction depends on
one’s expectation of a situation, as
well as one’s perception of an actual
situation.
● If the level of expectation is higher
than the actual experience, the
tourist will be dissatisfied.
● For the traveler to be satisfied with
● An individual will buy a vacation the product, service, or situation, the
package if he or she has learned that level of actual experience must be
the purchase will satisfy an equal to or greater than the level of
important need. expectation.
● The tourist compares various ● Hence the level of service given to
alternatives with a list of criteria to the vacationer must be given great
determine which alternative will importance to assure a quality
most likely satisfy a particular experience and a high level of
motive. satisfaction that will bring the
● This inclination maybe positive or traveler back.
negative depending on how well a
chosen alternative will meet the CATEGORIES OF TRAVELERS BASED ON
motivation. PERSONALITY:
● The number of alternative will vary ● Allocentrics
according to the characteristics of ○ Adventurous
travelers. ○ Curious
● Travelers who have previously ○ Have strong desire for new
visited many foreign destinations experiences
have larger number of alternatives to ● Psychocentrics
choose from than those who have ○ Non-adventurous
not. ○ Inhibited
CATEGORIES OF TRAVELERS BASED ON
PURPOSE:
a) Business Travelers
TRAVEL CONSTRAINTS:
1) Lack of money
2) Lack of time
3) Lack of safety & security
4) Physical disabilities
5) Family commitments
6) Lack of interest in travel
7) Fear of travel

CULTURE SHOCK THEORY:

● Culture shock refers to feelings of
uncertainty, confusion, or anxiety
that people may experience when
moving to a new country or
b) Pleasure/Personal Travelers
surroundings.
● Culture shock can occur when
people move to a new city or
country, go on vacation, travel
abroad, or study abroad for school.
● A cultural adjustment is normal and
is the result of being in an unfamiliar
environment.
● Over time, people can become
familiar with their new surroundings
as they make new friends and learn
the customs, leading to an
appreciation of the culture.
4 STAGES OF CULTURE SHOCK:
1) The Honeymoon Stage
- people are thrilled to be in
their new environment
- If someone is on a short stay,
this initial excitement may
define the entire experience.
- the honeymoon phase for
those on a longer-term move
eventually ends, even though
people expect it to last.
2) The Frustration Stage
- People may become
increasingly irritated and
disoriented as the initial glee
of being in a new
environment wears off.
- people can feel overwhelmed
by a new culture at this
stage, particularly if there is a
language barrier.
- can be the most difficult
period of cultural adjustment
as some people may feel the
urge to withdraw.
3) The Adaptation Stage
- is often gradual as people
feel more at home in their
new surroundings
- The feelings from the
frustration stage begin to
subside as people adjust to
their new environment.
- people will become more
familiar
4) The Acceptance Stage
- people are better able to
experience and enjoy their
new home
- The obstacles and
misunderstandings from the
frustration stage have usually
been resolved, allowing
people to become more
relaxed and happier.
- At this stage, most people
experience growth and may
change their old behaviors
and adopt manners from
their new culture.
Source:
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cult
ure-shock.asp#:~:text=Culture%20shock%2
0is%20typically%20divided,an%20appreciati
on%20of%20the%20culture.