ENGWORK

English in the Workplace

A. Communication: The Lifeline of Business
Communication is the activity of conveying information. Communication has been
derived from the Latin word “communis” which means “to share”. Communication
requires a sender, a message, and an intended recipient. However, the receiver need to be
present or to be aware of the sender’s intent to communicate at the time of communication;
thus, communication can occur across vast distances in time and space. Communication
requires that the communicating parties share an area of communicative commonality. The
communication process is complete once the receiver has understood the message of the
sender. Feedback is the critical for effective communication between parties.

Communication in Business
The way we communicate with others is such a habitual part of us that we rarely stop and
think about it. This translates into business communication too. Organizations, after all,
aren’t faceless entities, but groups of real people.

Effective communication affects processes, efficiency, and every layer of a company.

Business communication is the process of sharing information between people within
the workplace and outside a company.
Effective business communication is how employees and management interact to reach
organizational goals.
Its purpose is to improve organizational practices and reduce errors. It’s important to work
on both your communication processes to achieve effective business communication.

The Importance of Business Communication Lies in:

 Presenting options/new business ideas
 Making plans and proposals (business writing)
 Executing decisions
 Reaching agreements
 Sending and fulfilling orders
 Successful selling
 Effective meetings
 Providing feedback to employees and customers
Why is business communication important?
Strong communication strategy in a company will likely result in higher employee
engagement. And companies with connected employees in the workplace have seen as like
in productivity of up to 25%.
 Types of Business Communication
Internal business communication can be:
 Upward Communication
Any communication that comes from a subordinate to a manager. Or from another
person up the organizational hierarchy.
 Downward Communication/Managerial Communication
Anything that comes from a superior to a subordinate.
 Lateral Communication/Technical communication
Internal or cross-departmental communication between coworkers

External business communication can be:

External business communication is any messaging that leaves your office and internal
staff.
It involves dealing with customers, vendors, or anything that impacts your brand.

Getting and receiving instructions and assignments both upward and downward. This
includes an effective delegation from one person to another. Most problems in business
begin with unclear communications in this area.

Sharing and discussing information, including information sharing that goes on in

meetings. When communication fails in this area, it causes tasks to be done improperly or
not at all.

Giving feedback, correction, and discipline to people who report to you so that they
can have the knowledge and the tools that they need to do their jobs better. Giving
great, actionable feedback is a key skill for anyone in a leadership position. Non-verbal
communication and body language also play a role here.

Problem-solving and decision-making meetings and discussions. These are considered

among the most important discussions for any organization. This involves higher critical
thinking and better communication technology.

Public relations can even be considered a form of external communication that is

important to your communication strategy.

B. Effective listening in the Workplace

The art of effective listening is essential to clear communication, and clear communication
is necessary for management success.
- James Cash Penney

What is Active Listening?

Active listening is when you are fully aware and concentrate on what is being said rather
than passively hearing what the speaker is trying to convey. The goal of active listening is
to acquire information, listen to understand people and situations before responding
to it. It is the conscious decisions to listen carefully and understand what people are trying
to convey without being judgmental.

Trivia:
Did you know, people spend between 70%-80% of their day engaged in some form of
communication, and about 55% of their tie is devoted to listening? But the question is, do
they actively listen?

‘Active listening’ is the term first coined by psychologists, Carl Rogers and Richard Farson
in 1957 in a paper of the same title.
‘Active listening is an important way to bring about changes in people. They indicate how
clinical and research evidence clearly shows it as one of the most effective agents for
individual personality change and group development. And also how active listening
bring changes in people’s attitudes towards themselves and others; shaping their basic
values and personal philosophy.

Active Listening Skills

Basic Skills: The 3 A’s of Active Listening
 Attitude
Attitude is a feeling of emotion that comes from understanding that we must be
respectful towards what others say about a fact or state. Also, understanding that
we all can learn something new from others even if we have strong beliefs or
feelings prior to the topic. When we respect everyone, we tend to look beyond our
preconceived notions and become better listeners.
 Attention
To be good listener, we must have good attention. But it is easier said that to be
done. Many of us have less attention span, or we tend to distract away easily. If that
is the case, you must practice some exercise to help you hold your attention to the
speaker. Mind games or puzzles that keep your attention are great to start with.
Mediation is one more important tool that helps us retain our focus and full
attention.
 Adjustment
Adjustment in listening is nothing but keeping an open mind. To follow what the
speaker conveys, even if that is difficult for you to grasp or hold no meaning. Often
we listen to great leaders speaking about business or life in general. If the topic of
discussion steers in a monotonous direction, we tend not to adjust but daydream.
 When we keep an open mind and ready to invest our time, we adapt to the situation
and, in the end, become a better listener.

 Face the Speaker

Nobody wants your divided attention while they are speaking to you, be it your
friend or colleagues. If you are scanning the room or busy with your phone while
talking to someone, you give them a signal that you don’t value their time, and it is
disrespectful. Keep all your distractions aside while you are talking to someone.
Put your phone, books, papers, and other distractions aside, face the speaker, and
try to be present in the conversation.
 Use your Mind
It is often difficult to focus your mind on the speaker, and we all have been there.
Use your mind in such a situation and create a literal picture and abstract concepts
to keep you focused. If it's a lengthy business meeting or a seminar, try to focus on
the key points and make mental notes. Your mind will do it for you; just allow it to
act and be present. Try to concentrate even if it bores you. If you find yourself
distracted or daydreaming, immediately bring back your focus to the conversation.
 Don’t Interrupt
When you interrupt during a conversation, you subconsciously tell the speaker that
your voice is more important and relevant. Interrupting is not only rude but self-
righteous. At times you may have to interrupt the speaker if you are bothered or
have a question in your mind, but make sure to do it politely. Take permission
before cutting the conversation midway.
 Ensure your Understanding
Understand the purpose of a conversation and the speaker’s intention. Often while
conversing with a friend or colleague, we tend to divert the conversation by asking
them questions that are not related to the original topic. This conversational affront
can be fixed if we are aware enough to get the speaker to talk about the topic they
started with. This understanding is crucial for effective communication and to send
across the right message without diluting the original topic.
 Be Empathetic
Being empathetic allows you to be present with the speaker emotionally and
understanding them by putting yourself into their shoes. It will enable you to feel
the speaker’s emotions, either sad, joyful, or fearful. It is not easy to be present and
concentrate at the moment always. But empathetic is being generous and putting
your soul and heart in the conversation.
 Give your Regular Feedback
Give the speaker regular feedback to keep the speaker invested. You cannot stand
or sit still like a robot listening to the speaker, which would make them confused.
You can express your thoughts and feelings with your body language depending on
or respond with ‘hmmm’ or ‘uh-huh’ occasionally. Ask questions that are
appropriate to the given condition. In the workplace, send your feedback to the
speaker to clear doubts and keep the conversation transparent.
 The Importance of Active Listening in the Workplace
Building Trust
We are aware of the fact that to build trust; we must tick the following:
 To lend an ear.
 To be honest and supportive.
 To be non-judgmental.
 To have healthy communication.
Productivity
Active listening has countless benefits when it comes to employee productivity.
When higher management does not hear the employees’ views and ideas, it fuels
employees’ resentment and lowers productivity. Proper feedback and actively
considering the employees’ views and ideas are vital for a healthy workplace and
performance. Having said that, it is also important to assure that the internal
communication is solid, only then they can develop a culture of mutual trust and
understanding. It is always a two-way process.
Resolve Conflicts
Conflicts and mishaps are inevitable in any workplace. The reasons for this can
vary from a minor misunderstanding or a major debacle.
Misunderstandings, different viewpoints, or a lack of recognition often create
conflicts in the workplace. There is nothing good communication cannot resolve.
Here when I say ‘good communication’, I mean active listening.
Acceptance
Every company has its own company culture and each member adds value to it.
The root of this culture starts with acceptance. Yes! Acceptance of its values and
vision by all its members.
For an organization to succeed, both its employers and employees must be aligned
with the common goal. Therefore, they need to accept each other for their
respective parts and actively listen to each other while carrying out their work
duties.

Remember!
Understanding, encouraging the speaker to speak, focus, and keeping broad
perspectives are the keys.

C. Types of Communication

 Verbal Communication
Effective verbal communication (or oral communication) is often an exercise
in clarity. The quicker (and clearer) you convey your message, the better. And that
 is one of the most difficult things. When it comes to speaking –many get emotional,
speak unprepared, lack thought structure. Some just shy away.

 Non-Verbal Communication

 Body language when giving feedback

 Reaction when an idea you are opposed to is being adopted
 Behavior in times of tight deadlines & tense projects
 Body language: posture, body position, facial expressions, and stance
 Physical behavior: hand movements, distance
 Eye contact

 Written Communication
Written communication methods are not without their unique nuances and rules.
For example, you’ll want to ensure that you use:
 Correct grammar, spelling, and sentence structure.
 Fewer words whenever possible.
 Convey your point clearly (and quickly!)
Improving written communication
Written communication can be steadily improved with a little practice and
deliberation. Consider the following:
 Clear and concise.
 (Please) check your spelling.
 For non critical written messages, decide on a tone.

 Visual Communication
Visual communication is all about presenting complex information in a
stimulating way. Common examples include:
 Presentations & brochures
 Organization charts
 Training videos
 Charts, graphs, and comparison slides
 Infographics

 Listening Communication
Listening is a critical component of workplace communication. ‘Active listening’
—involves engaging with the speaker and working to understand them. True
listening is a proactive experience, not a passive one.
 Improving listening communication
Improving listening in the workplace takes both a cultural and behavioral shift.
Consider the following:
 Eliminate distractions. Nothing is worse than speaking to a person who is
only partially invested in having a productive conversation. When an
employee comes to you, eliminate distractions as much as possible. Give
them your undivided attention and your employees will notice.
 Show concern and offer assistance. Askclarifying questions when
appropriate (‘How much…’, ‘What do you mean by…’) and show concern
for the issue discussed. It’s important to validate your employee’s opinions
whenever possible. Use affirmative language that shows you care –it can be
the difference in the case of phone conversations. Send a follow-up email
or message about the items discussed and be genuinely interested in hearing
from team members.

Like other forms of communication, listening has a few rules. Consider the
following:
 Don’t interrupt. Wait for the right time to speak.
 Focus is everything. The person speaking is just as important as you.
 Think of clarifying questions. They help keep your mind engaged with the
speaker.
 Rephrase everything in your language. No individuals or group of people
think or speak in the same way. Take a moment to rephrase the speaker’s
main points in your language. Your employees will notice.
 Eye contact! Maintaining the right amount is necessary as overly staring can
become intimidating. Also, it provides an opportunity to assess the body
language which can help in furthering the conversation.

What is effective communication?

Bottom line: Communicate efficiently. Quality over quantity.
The more efficiently you communicate with your team, the better the results. Most
communication gets ignored because it hardly addresses its target audience.
Whether it’s formal communication or a casual chat, workplace communication
plays a vital role. Make connecting with your employees a priority and reap the
rewards!

The Job Search

What is your biggest concern in finding a teaching job?
 Question to Consider
 The Economy
 What Employers are Seeking
  Steps For the Job Search
 Job Boards
 Networking
 Social Media
 Job Search Tips

Asking Some Questions

When you considering your job search, what appeals to you most?
 Geographic location
 Specific school environmental/demographic
 ONLY public
 ONLY private
 It doesn’t matter

Why do I want to teach?

Where do I want to live?
What type of school/work environment do I want to work in?
In this economy, will I get hired?
The Economy: Will I get hired?
SPAGE (Student Professional Association of Georgia Educators)
Dr. Jerry Eads, from Georgia Professional Standards Commission, presented a live webinar
on February 12, 2011 on teacher supply demand and unleashed the state’s latest data.
What Employers are Seeking
What are the administrations looking for?
 Enthusiasm for teaching
 Professionalism
 Knowledge about the district
 Experience
 Appearance/speaking skills
 Ability to demonstrate a sincere interest in children
 Content knowledge
 Desire to grow and learn
 Confidence
 Other talents and gifts you can bring to the school-extracurricular involvement

Steps For the Job Search

Where do I start in the Job Search?
4 Basic Steps to Follow:
 Target 5-6 school districts (Check out districts using http://www.doek12.ga.us/)
 Prepare application materials (resume, cover letter, gather references, etc.)
 Apply to school districts (Follow up with human resources and principals)
 Network with school administrators/educators (Attend fairs & conferences; let
others know you’re looking)
Where do I find job?
Finding a job is PROCESS; so do not get discouraged.
Be persistent & intentional!

Networking
Fundamental of Networking
Purpose:
To build relationships with like-minded individuals for personal and professional growth.
(Mutual beneficial relationship)
* Networking facilitates your growth as a professional and allows you to access a larger
pool of opportunities and resources. One of the most powerful ways to enhance your
carrer development is through networking.
 Idemtify YOUR Network
- Student Teaching
- UGA Staff and Faculty
- Professional Associations
 - Campus Organizations
- Peers
- Family & Friends

Where/ How can I Network?

 Informational Interviews:
Talk with administrators, staff, faculty, and others about their career path. GET
ADVICE!
 Teacher/Administration Recruitment Fair

S.E.N.T
 Smile: Display energy/positivity
 Eye Contact: Show engagement
 Name: Give your name
 Touch: Firm handshake
* Be Authentic
* Follow Up
* Thank you note
Social Media
Clean Up your Profile!
 Is your content appropriate?
 Have you checked your Privacy settings?
 Are you using social media to Network?
Have you considered sharing your portfolio online? Or Starting an education-related blog/board?
Pros:
 Job Search
 Networking
 Online blogs/portfolios
Cons:
 Privacy Settings
 Inappropriate Content

Job Search Tips

Top 10 Tips for the job Search
1. Do your RESEARCH
2. Be intentional about your search-target schools
 3. Clean up your social media profiles
4. Every school/administrator interaction is a networking opportunity- Take advantage!
5. Prepare your application materials early.
6. Volunteer in as many classroom as possible
7. Attend local/state school district career fairs
8. Make sure that you have completely applied to the district
9. Keep a running list of everyone you talk to/correspond with at each school district
10. Be proactive and persistent Don’t give up!

The Game Has Changed: Tips for Finding a New Teaching Position
Get up to speed with the latest online tools and interviewing techniques. - by Mary C. Clement
Ask the teachers how they got their first job, and you may hear comments like these:
• “I student taught in the district, so the administration knew me.”
• “I wanted to teach near where I grew up, and a family friend told me about a job opening.
Fortunately, my friend knew a school board member too.”
• “I read the bulletin board outside the office of student teaching and applied for jobs in my
field.”
• “I went to the teacher placement day on campus, handed out a dozen résumés, and got called to
interview with the district that hired me.”
Traditionally, teachers found job openings by “word of mouth” and often were hired with a
rather informal set of interview questions. The old standard “tell me about yourself” was a
question that started the interview, and it probably ended with “and where do you see yourself in
five years?” Research supports the assumption that many teachers “went home to teach” and that
in the past as many as half to three-fourths of teacher-education candidates attended college
within 100 miles of their home, seeking their first jobs in the same geographic proximity
(Cushner 2004; Zimpher 1989). As teaching has long been considered a family-friendly
profession
(Parkay and Stanford 2003; Wiseman, Cooner, and Knight
2002), many teachers tended to stay in one geographic area throughout their careers because of
their families. This traditional picture of a teacher’s career is not always the case today.
Ingersoll’s (2003, 147) research informed us, “Teaching is a career with chronic and relatively
high annual turnover.” Additionally, Ingersoll and Smith (2003, 31) indicated, “Total teacher
turnover is fairly evenly split between two components: attrition (those who leave teaching
altogether); and migration (those who move to teaching jobs in other schools).”
Many teachers are forced to change jobs because of family obligations (a spouse with a higher-
paying job, aging parents, or needs of children). Others may change jobs for better working
conditions and benefits. For teachers who haven’t job searched in the last few years, the game
has changed. Online job searches and behavior-based interviews have made a teacher’s job
updates and interview questions provided here will help experienced teachers complete a
successful job search, as well as provide helpful hints for teachers at any stage of their career
who are job searching.
Important First Steps
If you are moving to another state, the first step is to research how to get certified there. Start
your search at www. professionalteacher.com. This comprehensive site allows you to select any
state and then directs you to the appropriate certification offices. Complete the paperwork for
certification as early as possible; even if your state’s licensure is reciprocal, this part of the
process may take weeks.
With the certification paperwork completed, update your cover letter and résumé. The cover
letter should be only one page—even if you have ten years of experience. For examples, turn to
Kappa Delta Pi’s The ABC’s of Job- Hunting for Teachers (Clement 2003) or your college
career center. You don’t even have to visit your alma mater; just go to the university’s Web site
and look for the career center’s page! Yes, things have gotten a lot easier because of technology.
While you may use the cover letter to explain why you are job searching at this stage of your
career, you do not need to tell anyone about your marriage, divorce, children, or other personal
reasons for changing jobs. In fact, providing too much personal information is not professional.
You can share a brief comment such as, “After 18 years in the Midwest, my spouse’s career is
taking us to Atlanta, where we plan to make our permanent, professional homes.” Convey one or
two teaching successes in your letter, such as how you’re past classes achieved high standardized
test score gains, and let the potential employer know how to reach you. Keep it short and simple,
but highlight your experience and success.
Your résumé needs updating as well. As an experienced teacher, eliminate high school and
college awards, unless they are truly unique and relate to your teaching or coaching skills. The
employer needs to know about your career as a whole, so don’t leave gaps. If you were out of the
teaching force raising a family, fulfilling National Guard duty, or working in the business world,
indicate it. Include skills you may have developed in these positions, such as organizing and
teaching children’s clubs, working with scouts, or training new employees. Even if you have
years of experience, keep in mind that a two-page résumé is all busy employers have time to
read. (For résumé examples, see Anthony and Roe 1998; Warner and Bryan 2003; and Career
Assistance in the Membership section of www.kdp.org.)
You may not have taken a portfolio to your first job interview, but teaching portfolios are
common now. A good portfolio is short and clear, with six to eight artifacts that showcase your
work. Include a lesson plan, a classroom management plan, some student work (with names
removed), a newsletter sent to parents, an outline of a unit plan or syllabus, a few pictures that
will help you explain how you set up a classroom, and perhaps a certificate or award you have
received. Employers don’t say, “show me your portfolio,” but you should use it as a visual aid
when you answer questions.
What Your Alma Mater Can Do for You
As an alum, your college’s career center is still open for you. You can go back to campus and
attend workshops on finding a teaching job, writing a résumé, and interviewing. Some college
career centers provide individual counseling sessions for their alumni and the opportunity for a
mock interview. Most will invite you to attend their teacher job fair, which is an excellent way to
meet potential employers.
Some college career centers still offer the service of a credentials package for teacher education
majors and alums. A credentials package makes getting out letters of recommendation to
employers much easier. You ask three to five people each to write one letter that is sent to the
career center. The career center then mails copies of these letters to potential employers as you
apply for jobs. Knowing that you may have to apply to dozens of districts to secure a job, you
don’t want to have to ask people to write dozens of letters on your behalf. Using the credentials
package service, if it is available to you, is a great time-saver.
The services of the career center may be online now. If so, just get on the Internet, locate the
Web page, and get started. Start by going to your alma mater’s Web site, and search from there.
Also consider using the career center of a university near where you are moving.
The Search for Job Openings
The search for job openings may begin at your college career center, but it most likely will be
continued online.
Many states now have a state Web site that lists the jobs available in all public schools within the
state. See, for example, www.teachgeorgia.org for Georgia, www.iasaedu. org for Illinois, or
www.moteachingjobs.com for Missouri. One of the easiest ways to find your state’s site is to
type the state name and “teaching jobs” into a search engine.
You also can use www.professionalteacher.com, www.rnt. org, or www.teachers.net to find
information about each state. Check the site every day, and apply for jobs as they are posted.
Large school districts post their openings on their own sites. Use any search engine, such as
Google™, and type the district name as your search string to find this information.
Another approach is to use a national job search Web site, such as www.teachers-teachers.com
or www.k12jobs. com. These sites are free to job seekers and work to pair the seeker with a job
posted by an employer. Not all jobs will be listed there, because districts must pay fees to list
openings on commercial sites. Teachers-Teachers.com offers tutorials on cover letters and
résumé writing, and lets you record a phone interview as well.
Once you find an opening, do your homework, and go to the district’s Web site to find out about
the student population, teacher salaries, and other facts. As a candidate, you are expected to be
knowledgeable about a district before your on-site interview. The Web is a great place to do your
research.
The Behavior-Based Interview
Behavior-based interviewing (BBI) has been used in the business world for decades and is based
on the premise that past behavior is the best predictor of future performance (Deems 1994; Green
1996). Behavior-based interview questions are designed to ascertain whether a candidate has the
prerequisite skills and experiences to do the assigned job. Each question asks about previous
experiences and seeks to determine the candidate’s behaviors with past tasks, situations, and
problems. Therefore, many BBI-style questions begin with “tell me about a time when . . .,”
“describe a situation where . . .,” or “share an example of . . . .” Questions in a BBI-style
interview (see the sidebar below for samples) are about the tasks of teaching—such as methods,
management, and communication with parents.
BBI-Style Interview Questions
Curriculum
1. Give an example of a national or state standard in your field and how you have taught a lesson
incorporating that standard.
2. How have you supplemented the textbook in your classes?
Planning/Methods
3. Describe the steps of teaching a class for a one-hour time period.
4. Which methods do you most frequently employ in teaching?
5. Describe any project or group work that has been successful with students.
6. How have you prepared students for standardized tests or graduation tests?
Student Motivation
7. What kinds of stressors do today’s students face, and how have you helped them cope with
their concerns?
8. How have you met the needs of gifted, talented, and advanced students in your classes?
9. How have you helped at-risk students achieve academic success in your classes?
Assessment and Management
10. Explain your grading scale to me as though you were explaining it to your class.
11. Explain your classroom management plan to me as though you were explaining it to your
students.
12. Describe a time when your authority was challenged or a class rule was broken, and how you
reacted.
Communication/Professionalism
13. How have you communicated long-range plans to students and parents?
14. How have you stayed current in your subject matter and in the field of teaching?
How to Answer BBI Questions
The acronyms of PAR and STAR can guide your answers, allowing you to “teach” the
interviewer what you know about the task specified in the question.
PAR stands for problem, action, and result. When you are asked a question, the interviewer is
listening to discern whether you have experienced the problem, whether you have learned what
actions to take in that situation, and what the results of your actions were. For example, when
asked how you have encouraged students to read, you will want to phrase your answer in an
organized manner, as in the following example:
In my fifth year of teaching, I learned that we had to build in some reading time in class, similar
to the ‘drop everything and read’ programs at elementary schools [problem]. I incorporated this
into my sophomore classes, and it worked well. I learned that I have to give some time in class
for reading, with specific tasks for the students to do about what they read, and time limits
[action]. I also learned that I can’t allow too much time for in-class reading, or it will discourage
reading outside of class, and slow the coverage of topics [result]. It’s about finding balance.
STAR—representing situation, task, action, and result—is a similar guide for answering
questions. An interviewer may ask about your experiences with standardized or end-of-course
testing. You would be expected to describe the situation and your experience with it, and then
describe the task of preparing students for the assessment, without simply teaching to the test.
You can describe some productive review strategies that you have used in the classroom (action),
and then discuss the positive results yielded when a teacher knows how to reinforce learned
material and guide student reviews.
When you use PAR and STAR to answer questions, your responses are succinct and organized.
The better you articulate an answer, the higher the interviewer will rate your response. You
should expect an interviewer to have a list of questions and to take notes on your answers. This
process ensures that employers are asking each candidate the same questions.
Final Preparations
As an experienced teacher, you want to highlight your past successes to assure the employer that
you are a qualified, competent, caring teacher. Whether your experience is a few years or many,
you also want to assure the interviewer that you can change and adapt to the new district. Stories
of “we did that in my last district and it didn’t work” are not what employers want to hear. They
want to hear how you have organized the classroom for optimum student achievement, how you
have met the needs of diverse students, and how you have worked professionally with parents,
colleagues, and administrators.
Of course, you will dress for success. You will shake hands, make eye contact, and arrive a few
minutes early. You will have one or two questions ready when the employer says, “Do you have
any questions for us?” Sample questions include, “What professional development opportunities
are available for teachers in this district?” and “What technology is available for use in the
building?”
After the on-site interview, be sure to send a follow up note of thanks to the interviewer, which
may be sent via e-mail. Be ready to accept an offer when called, and find out when new teacher
orientation begins.
Closing Thoughts
While online job searching and behavior-based interviewing have made teacher interviews more
sophisticated, the excitement of being hired and of walking into a classroom for the first day of
school remain the same. Teaching is a wonderful profession, with tremendous opportunities for
jobs in rural areas, suburbs, and big cities. Experienced teachers have job mobility, which offers
infinite possibilities, and that is another reason to choose teaching.

How to Choose Right Career Path

7 Steps
1. Make a list of hobbies
 To enjoy what you do for the majority of the day, it’s essential to find a job that
you love. So, the best place to start is with your hobbies. What are you passionate
about? What would make you get out of bed on a cold wintery morning to go to
work? While your passion might not be your forte, it’s a good starting point to
help you figure out what career you want to pursue.
2. Discover what your good at
 What you enjoy and what you’re good at can be two very different things. For
example, you might enjoy dancing, but you’re actually really good at organizing.
So, a job as an event planner, office manager or personal assistant may be a
sensible choice. As well as listing your hobbies, create a second list of skills that
you possess.
3. Identify your Personality Traits
 In order to find the right career fit, you’re going to need to take a closer look at
your personality traits. While you might be a gifted singer, your introverted
personality might not let you succeed in this field because you’re too anxious to
stand on a stage in front of people. Therefore, it’s important to identify and take
into consideration your personality traits when it comes to your career path. It can
often be confusing to figure out, so a state-of-the-art career test, like our own test,
Career Hunter, can help you discover your most-suited professions using
scientific data and testing.
4. Determine what you want out of Career
 It’s also necessary to identify what it is that you want out of a career. Do you want
to receive a high salary? Have a respectable job title? Or simply work for a cause
 that you care about? By answering these questions, you can narrow down what
type of roles you’d be interested in working towards and find the path to success.
5. Talk to Industry experts
 Once you’ve narrowed down a handful of careers, talk to industry experts and
find out more about the job and industry as a whole. They will offer insight into
the day-to-day practices, working hours, progression and further opportunities,
which will help you get a clearer understanding of that career.
6. Research the Job Market
 Besides talking to career experts, you should also research the job market and see
whether there are opportunities in this field, or whether it’s a career that you’ll
struggle to secure. You also need to determine whether the role you are interested
in has the potential for career progression, otherwise, you will get bored working
in the same position for years on end.
7. Discover your core values
 Lastly, identify what your core values are, and use them to find a career that is
fulfilling for you. Make a list of qualities that are important to you and identify
companies who have the same core beliefs. This will help you narrow down your
search and discover industries that you would be a good match for. As you can
see, it’s not that difficult to find the right career when you have a good way of
identifying your interests and strengths. Looking for more advice? Head over to
CareerAddict.com for additional opportunities.

Resume No – Nos – Get Hired

1. Do not lie
2. No typos
3. No unnecessary information
4. No bad photos
5. No weird fonts
6. No xerox copy
7. No extra pages

How to Write Your Resume – Get Hired

Writing Your Resume
 Resume Formats
 Content
 Customization
  Resume Formats
o Chronological
- If you have working experience
o Functional
- If you have a lot of skills
o Hybrid
- If you have both or neither
 Content
o Contact Information
o Eligibility and Certifications
o Education
o Experience
o Exposure
o Skills
 Customization
o Purpose
o Relevance
o Emphasis
o Performance

Write the Best Cover Letter – Get Hired

Writing a Cover Letter
Answer these first:
 What position are you applying for?
 Who are you?
 Why are you qualified?
 Personal experience
 Company Information
 Synergy

Parts of a Cover Letter

o Header with Personal Information
o Date
o Addressee
o Salutation
o Body
o Closing (Thank You)
o Signature
 Cover Letter Examples for Job Seekers in 2023
How important is a cover letter?
If you think cover letters are no longer relevant in today’s job market, think again. According to a
recent survey, 83% of hiring managers say cover letters play an important role in their decision-
making process.
In fact, 83% of the respondents to the survey said that a great cover letter can get you
an interview, even if your resume isn’t good enough.
Amazingly, only 38% of candidates send a cover letter, even when it’s required.
This means that a strong cover letter will give you a significant edge over other job applicants. So
if you’re not already including a cover letter with your job applications, it’s time to start doing so.
In this guide, we’ll provide some tips on how to write an effective cover letter, as well as some
good cover letter examples to help get you started.
The 4 types of cover letters (with examples)
There are four types of cover letters. They are:
 The application cover letter
 The career change cover letter
 The networking cover letter
 The prospecting cover letter
The general structure of all four cover letters will remain the same, or at least similar, regardless
of your cover letter’s intent. This structure can be broken down into three steps:
Step 1 – Introduce yourself and explain why you are interested in the position.
Step 2 – Highlight your relevant skills and experience.
Step 3 – Thank the employer for their time and express your interest in meeting with them to
discuss the role further.
Here are examples of the four types of cover letters. Each example can all be downloaded for
free and customized to fit your needs.
Application Cover Letter Example
This is the standard cover letter you send along with your resume when you apply for a job. It
supplements your resume and expands upon relevant parts of your work history and qualifications.
It’s important to tailor your cover letter to the skills and specifications listed in the job posting.

October 7, 2022

Jenny Johnson
Human Resources
IHeartjobs
55 Bixby Way
Career Change Cover Letter Example
This cover letter explains that you’re hoping to move your career in a new direction. It should
express your interest in the company, then pull several responsibilities from the job description
and explain how your skills will uniquely fulfill those responsibilities and add value to the
company.
Prospecting Cover Letter Example
This type of cover letter inquires about open job positions in general. It is not a response to a
specific job posting. In this letter, you should give a brief description of yourself as a job candidate,
explain why this particular company interests you, and include a few examples of job tasks you
would excel at.
Networking Cover Letter Example
This cover letter is the most casual and tends to be the shortest. You send it to former colleagues,
mentors, friends, and other contacts rather than to a company. It informs the recipient of your
status as a job seeker and asks them for help in your job search.
Cover letter examples by job
When you’re applying for a specific job, remember that your cover letter should not simply repeat
the information in your resume verbatim. Instead, your cover letter should enhance your
resume.
For example, you might use your cover letter to explain why you are particularly interested in the
company, or to highlight a specific skill or accomplishment. In essence, your cover letter should
give the employer a better sense of who you are and what you have to offer.
Here are some professional cover letter examples tailored for specific jobs. Each example can all
be downloaded for free and customized to fit your needs.
Communications Specialist Cover Letter Example
Show how you effectively communicate with others. Be sure to highlight your oral and written
communication skills, as well as your ability to develop and deliver presentations. Also, emphasize
any experience you have working in the media or with public relations.

Employment Specialist Cover Letter Example

Focus on your ability to help people find jobs and improve their career prospects. Highlight your
skills in counseling, resume writing, and job search strategies. You should also emphasize your
commitment to helping people overcome obstacles and achieve their goals.
Project Manager Cover Letter Example
Showcase your proven track record of successful project management. Use numbers and metrics
as evidence of your ability. In addition to relevant experience, highlight your leadership,
organizational, and communication skills.
Marketing Manager Cover Letter Example
Talk about your experience using various marketing strategies, your ability to identify target
markets, and your success in creating and implementing marketing campaigns. Also highlight
your writing and communication skills, as well as your ability to manage people and projects.
Operations Cover Letter Example
Discuss your training and experience in the operations field, as well as your ability to manage
and coordinate various types of operations. Also highlight your problem-solving skills and
ability to work effectively under pressure.
Pharmacy Technician Cover Letter Example
Highlight your ability to accurately dispense medication, maintain records, and assist customers
or patients. Also, mention your ability to work well under pressure and follow set procedures. If
you have any additional certifications or training, be sure to mention those as well.
Software Engineer Cover Letter Example
Talk about your skills and experience designing, developing, testing, and debugging software
applications. Highlight your ability to work in a team environment and contribute to the success
of projects. Also mention any relevant coursework or projects you have completed, as well as
any relevant awards or recognitions.
Warehouse Manager Cover Letter Example
Discuss your experience managing inventory, overseeing shipping and receiving operations, your
knowledge of safety procedures, and your organizational skills. You should also highlight skills
such as supervising employees and knowledge of warehouse management software.
Cover letter example for an internship
Writing a cover letter for an internship can be a little tricky since you probably don’t have much
experience. Here are four tips to help you create an effective cover letter for an internship:
 Focus on what you have accomplished in your academic and extracurricular activities,
and how those experiences have prepared you for the internship.
 Do your research and tailor your cover letter to the specific organization and internship
role. This will demonstrate your interest and commitment.
 Highlight any relevant skills or experiences that you do have, even if they’re not directly
related to the internship role.
  Finally, be enthusiastic and convey your excitement for the opportunity to learn and grow
in the role.
By following these tips, you can write a cover letter that will help you land the internship you’re
after.
Here’s a sample cover letter for an internship:
Internship Cover Letter Example
Use your cover letter to explain why you are interested in the internship and how it will help you
develop professionally. Include information about your qualifications and skills, as well as your
interest in the specific internship you are applying for.
Don't make this common cover letter mistake!
One of the biggest mistakes job seekers make is sending out the same cover letter with each
application.
A cover letter is an opportunity to sell yourself to a potential employer, and it should be specific
to the job you’re applying for. Generic cover letters are often quickly disregarded by hiring
managers, but a well-tailored cover letter can make all the difference.
Another reason why you should tailor your cover letter is because of applicant tracking
systems (ATS). Many companies now use these systems to screen candidates, and generic cover
letters are often filtered out.
To avoid this, make sure that your cover letter contains the exact same job title and skills that
are in the job description. This way, when hiring managers search through the ATS for job
candidates, your cover letter will stand out.
By taking the time to tailor your cover letter, you can ensure that it will be seen by a human
being and that your qualifications will be given serious consideration. Ultimately, tailoring your
cover letter is one of the best ways to improve your odds of landing a job interview.

What do I write in a cover letter?

While your resume is typically a factual account of your qualifications, a cover letter allows you
to tell a potential employer why you are the best candidate for the job.
Your cover letter is an opportunity for you to:
 Elaborate on your qualifications and professional experience.
 Describe your career objectives.
 Explain any gaps in your employment history.
 Talk about your motivation to join the company.
 Sell yourself!
It is important to take the time to craft a well-written cover letter as it can give you a competitive
edge over other candidates.
What 5 things should a cover letter include?
Here are the five essential elements of a cover letter:
1. An introduction: The first sentence of your cover letter should state who you are and
why you are writing.
2. An overview of your qualifications: In the second paragraph, briefly describe your
qualifications and explain why you are a good fit for the position.
 3. A specific example: In the third paragraph, provide a specific example of a time when
you used your skills to achieve success. This could be from your professional or personal
life.
4. A call to action: The final paragraph should include a call to action, such as requesting
an interview or asking for further consideration.
5. A professional closing: End your cover letter on a positive note by thanking the reader
for their time and expressing your excitement about the opportunity.
What 3 main points should be included in your cover letter?
1. Briefly introduce yourself and explain why you are interested in the position. This is your
chance to make a good first impression, so be sure to be polite and professional.
2. Highlight your relevant qualifications and experience. This is where you can really sell
yourself as the ideal candidate for the job. Be sure to include specific examples of your
successes and accomplishments.
3. Thank the employer for their time and consideration. Then, you can express your interest
in meeting with them to discuss the job further.
By following these guidelines, you can ensure that your cover letter makes a strong impression
and increases your chances of landing an interview.
How do I write a cover letter as a student?
As a student, you should treat your education, volunteer work, school projects, and personal
projects as your past experience. Talk about your future goals that are relevant to the job and
explain how you will achieve those goals.
How do cover letters vary from job to job?
While the general structure of your cover letter will remain pretty much the same, you should
always tailor your letter for each job you apply to. This means including the job title and skills
that are listed in the job description.
How do I write a cover letter for a career change?
Read the job posting carefully and determine any similarities between your past work experience
and what’s required in the new job. Talk about your goals for your career change and what you
want to accomplish in your future career.
What is the difference between a cover letter and a resume?
Your resume is a brief listing of your past experience, while your cover letter expands on your
experience and lets some of your personality come through.
Should I mention my salary expectations in a cover letter?
No. Conversations about salary should be reserved for a job interview.
How should I address the reader of a cover letter?
Always try to address the hiring manager or recruiter by their name. You can call the company
and ask for their name or look it up on the company website or LinkedIn. Never use “To Whom
it May Concern” as it is too impersonal.
How long should my cover letter be?
Cover letters should always be short. Try to keep it to one page.

7 Key Components of an Effective Cover Letter

Your cover letter is often the first thing employers see when reviewing your job application. To
get an employer's attention and convince them to consider seriously consider you for an
interview, a cover letter needs to include several key elements within a clear format. Because
hiring managers review dozens of job applications every day, they look for specific content in
cover letters that tell them the most about the candidate and meet their professional expectations.
What is the purpose of a cover letter?
A cover letter introduces you to an employer through a personalized explanation of your
qualifications and interest in a position. While a resume shares the technical details of your skills
and work experience, a cover letter gives insight into your soft skills, attitude and motivations.
Employers use cover letters to get a sense of how well each candidate would fit in with their
company culture and use their experience to accomplish the requirements of a position. Strong
cover letters provide a clear connection between your goals and a company's values.
What are the parts of a cover letter?
While cover letters can vary when it comes to content, all cover letters need a few key elements
to serve their purpose effectively and showcase the top reasons to hire you. They should also
follow a consistent format to make your information well-organized and accessible to employers.
A great cover letter uses a logical progression of ideas to advertise your skills.
There are seven sections that every cover letter should include to fit employer expectations and
highlight your best qualities:
1. Header
All cover letters start with a header that includes your contact information. People often use the
same header for their cover letter as they use for their resume to create consistency across their
entire application. Regardless of the exact format you use, a header should start with your name
and include your email, phone number and address on separate lines. Some people include links
to their portfolio or social media if that information is relevant to the position.
If you have room on the page, you can also include the name and contact information of the
hiring manager or company. People usually include employer contact information on their cover
letter if they are submitting a hard copy, but this part of the header is considered optional.
2. Greeting
The salutation or greeting of your cover letter is your first chance to differentiate yourself from
other applicants by addressing the correct person. Research the name of the hiring manager for
each position to show that you have put thought and effort into your application. You can often
find this information within the job listing, on the company website or by calling their office and
asking.
If you can't find a specific name to address your letter to, you can personalize the greeting by
referencing the specific department you would be working with. "Dear Hiring Manager" is a
standard greeting that is acceptable when their name is not available. Keep your greeting short
and professional, using the appropriate honorifics or titles when applicable.
3. Introduction
The first paragraph of your cover letter should provide the basic details about who you are and
why you want the job. Include the title of the job you are applying for, provide a general
overview of why you would excel at the position and the reasons you are excited about the job.
You can mention how you heard about the position and why you decided to apply, which is an
especially good strategy if another employee referred you to the position. Review the job posting
for the core strengths required for the job and use your introductory paragraph to explain how
you exhibit those qualities.
4. Qualifications
After the introduction, focus on your history and qualifications. This allows you to attract the
employer's attention by immediately sharing how you can benefit their team. Provide more
details about the information you include on your resume, and focus on how your experiences
specifically apply to the job. Include stories about relevant projects or situations that give insight
into how you solve problems and do your work well. Explain how you contributed to the success
of past projects and draw attention to the impact of your actions.
5. Values and goals
The next paragraph should demonstrate that you understand the company's mission and have
done research on the position. Focus on how your goals align with theirs and connect to the
elements you like about the company culture. Explain how the work you do can mutually benefit
your future and the needs of your prospective employer. This section of your cover letter allows
you to show that you can not only do the job well but can fit in with a team and bring a positive
attitude to the workplace.
6. Call to action
The final paragraph should summarize your interest and suggest the next steps for proceeding
with the application. Thank the hiring manager for taking the time to review your application,
and express interest in discussing the position or scheduling an interview. Your cover letter
should cater to how you can benefit the company, so focus on the skills and talent you hope to
bring to their team.
7. Signature
Sign off with a professional closing phrase and your signature or typed name. If you're emailing
your cover letter, be sure that you do not include an unnecessary email signature. Some
appropriate closing phrases are:
 Sincerely
 Best regards
 Respectfully
 Thank you
 With thanks

Cover letter template

Use this template to create a cover letter that includes all of the key elements:
[Your Name]
[Your Address]
[Your City, State and Zip Code]
[Your Phone Number]
[Your Email]
[Date]
Dear [Hiring Manager Name or Title],
I am writing in response to your advertisement for the [job title] position at [company name]. I
am experienced in [skill set] and am interested in using my knowledge to accomplish [company
goals]. I am passionate about [career interest] and motivated by [company mission] and am
looking forward to the opportunity to use my unique experience to support your [department
name] team.
My recent experience as a [previous job title] has prepared me for this position through
extensive training on [technical skills]. I applied those skills during [projects you worked on]
and helped my team reach our goal by [positive results of your work]. While at my previous job,
I improved operations by [list how you used your soft skills].
I respect [company]'s mission and look forward to participating in a workplace culture that
promotes [describe the company's core values]. I plan to build upon my background as a [field
of interest] professional and contribute to [company]'s high standard of service and uphold their
reputation within our community. As I grow professionally, I hope to apply [new skills] to
[describe work environment] and become a valuable resource for [company].
Thank you for considering me as a candidate for [position]. I appreciate the opportunity to share
how I can help support your company's mission. I look forward to hearing back from you and
discussing my application in more detail.
[Closing phrase],
[Your Name]

Cover letter example

Here is an example of a standard cover letter that you can use as a guide when applying for jobs:
Joey Platt
Austin, TX
555-180-9907
Joey.Platt@E_mail.com
July 6, 2020
Dear Ms. Beasley,
I am writing to apply for the hotel manager position at Palladium Suites in Austin, Texas. I have
several years of experience in the hospitality and service industry, including managerial
training. I hope to use my excellent communication skills and intimate knowledge of day-to-day
hotel operations to improve the customer experience and create a culture of excellence at
Palladium Suites. I am passionate about providing efficient, quality service to clients and look
forward to using my team-building skills as a hotel manager.
As the longtime assistant manager at Serenity Inn, I had the opportunity to act as interim
manager while my boss was on leave. This valuable on-the-job training in the duties of a
manager at a mid-size hotel has prepared me to take on a full-time managerial role and
developed my organizational skills, problem-solving abilities and knowledge of operations. I
trained a new assistant manager, managed all employee schedules and coordinated meetings
with vendors while improving customer satisfaction ratings by 11%. While working as a
concierge, I learned how to anticipate the needs of guests, a skill that helps me create effective
protocols for common challenges.
At Palladium Suites, I look forward to sharing a luxury experience with guests and creating a
friendly and welcoming atmosphere for visitors and employees alike. My organization and
planning skills are well-suited to uphold and improve upon a high standard of customer service.
My attention to detail and adaptability make me an ideal candidate for building business
relationships and managing hotel staff.
Thank you for considering me as a candidate for the hotel manager position. I appreciate the
opportunity to share how I can help support your company's mission. I look forward to hearing
back from you and discussing my application in more detail.
Best,
Joey Platt