‫جامعة‪ :‬الزقازيق‬

‫كلية‪ :‬االداب‬
‫قسم‪ :‬لغة انجليزية‬
‫الرقم القومي‪29912271300903 :‬‬
‫االسم‪ :‬سلوى سامح حسين متولي حجازي‬
‫الفرقة‪ :‬الثانية‬
‫رقم الجلوس‪20760 :‬‬
‫الحالة‪ :‬انتظام‬
‫المادة‪ :‬صوتيات‬

‫موضوع البحث)‪The Consonant Sounds (Definition – Steps .‬‬

‫– ‪– 10 Examples) + Consonant Sequences (Definition‬‬
‫‪)Positions + 30 Examples‬‬

‫صفحة | ‪1‬‬
introduction:

the consonant sounds is an impoetant part of speacking and

pronunciation as it is a speed sound, and because the consonant
sounds consists 24 letter from the english alphabets, it's
neccecary to study them well.

Consonant Sounds;

*Definition*

it can be defined with a sound produced with the obstraction of

the air stream, and there are many obstractions of the air stream
because of having various types of consonants such as fricative
and stop sounds. and it can be voiced resulting in the variation
of the vocal cords that you can feel it when we place our hands
on our throats. and also can be voiceless produced with no
variation of the vocal cords. and it can be oral as it is produced
from the mouth, or nasal as it is produced from the nose.
*steps*

the steps that we must follow to describe the consonant sounds:

the places of artuiculation: where the sound is produced by
the two organs of speech. and they include:
bilabial: which happen with the two lips.
labiodental: which happen with the lower lip and the upper
teeth.
dental: which happen with the front of the tongue and the

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upper teeth.
alveolar: which happen with the front of the tongue anf the
alveolar ridge behind the gums.
post-alveolar: which happen between the front of the tongue
and the back part of the alveolar ridge.
palatal: which happen between the front of the tongue and
the hard palate
velar: which happen between the back of the tongue and the
soft palate.

2- the manners of articulation: in what way the sound is

produced. and they include:
plosive: it contains voiced sounds such as (b, d, g )
voicless sounds such as ( p, t, k )
Nasal stop: it includes (m,n )
Fricative: it contains voised sounds such as ( v, z)
voiceless sounds such as ( f, s )
Lateral Fricatives: it has only the phoneme / l /.
Affricative: it includes the letters (ch, g, j)
Semivowels: it contains the phonemes / w /, / u:/, / j /, / i: /.

3- the state of the vocal cords:

if the vocal cords viberate, the sound is voiced that happen
when a pressure of the air in the lungs causes the vocal cords
to viberate as a result of the narrow glottis

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if the vocal cords do not viberate, the sound is voiceless and
that's because the glottis is wide open.

4- the state of the muscles and cheeks: if the cheeks are tense,
the sound is strong. if the cheeks are lax, the sound is week.

5- the air stream passage: if the air srteam goes out through the
mouth cavity, the sound is described as oral. if the air stream is
forced to go out through the nose the sound is described by
nasal.

*10 Examples of the consonant sounds *

voiced consonants

1- Get /get/

2- oven /ˈʌvən/

3- die /dɑɪ/

4- rise /rɑɪz/

5- noise /nɔɪz/

voiceless consonants

6- pretty /ˈprɪti/

7- phone /fəʊn/

8- soon /su:n/

9-show /ʃəʊ /

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 10- peach /pi:tʃ/

Consonant Sequences

*Definition*

a consonant sequence occurs when two or three or four or even

more than consonant sounds follow one after without any vowel
in between.
there are three positions for a consonant sequence:
initial: it happen when two consonant sounds follow each other
in the beginning of the word
middle: when two consonants happen in the middle of the word.
final: when two consonant phonemes follow each other at the
end of the word.
*the sequence of two identical consonants does not occur .
Examples of initial consonant sequences:
1- Smile /smɑɪl/
2- Twice /twaɪs/
3- Straight /streɪt/
4- Quite /kwaɪt/
5- Screw /skru:/
6- Square /skweə/
7- Beauty /bju:tɪ/
8- Few /fju:/
9- Stupid /stju:pɪd/
10- Play /pleɪ/

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Examples of middle Consonant sequences:
11- Big joke /bɪg dʒəʊk/
12- Quiet good /kwaɪt gʊd/
13- Top dog /top dog/
14- At night /ət naɪt/
15- Sadness /sædnɪs/
16- Great care /greɪt keə/
17- Club tie /klʌb taɪ/
18- Lecture /lektʃə/
19- Ripe tomato /raɪp təmɑ:təʊ/
20- Bad cold /bæd kəʊld/
Examples of the final consonant sequences:
21- Gazed /geɪzd/
22- Cats /kæts/
23- Filled / fɪld/
24- Cups /kʌps/
25- Songs /sɒŋz/
26- Jobs /dʒɒbz/
27- Weeks /wi:ks/
28- Missed /mɪst/
29- Owned /əʊnd/
30- Drives /draɪvz/

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The References:
1- phonatics text book (a university course in phonetics)

2-
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=w
eb&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwil6NWAq-
7pAhXsyYUKHSrrDAAQFjABegQIBBAB&url=https%3A%2
F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F34074049%2FPeter_Roach_-
_English_Phonetics_and_Phonology_4th_edition_Cambridge_
&usg=AOvVaw2MzA4Kb2_GcyA9YGzF1Z7X&cshid=15914
85923930159

3- phonatics textbook ''Phonetics for fresh art student''.

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