11

Statistics and Probability

Activity Sheets
Quarter 3 – MELC 4
Illustrating a Probability Distribution
for a Discrete Random Variable and
Its Properties

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Activity Sheet No. 04
First Edition, 2020

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist
in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of
the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be
necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may,
among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 –

Western Visayas.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or
mechanical without written permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 –
Western Visayas.

Development Team of Statistics and Probability Activity Sheet

Writer: Ian T. Tacsagon

Illustrator: Ian T. Tacsagon

Layout Artist: Ian T. Tacsagon

Schools Division Quality Assurance Team:

Ligaya H. Montelijao, EPS-Mathematics
Leila G. Valencia, EPS-LR
Jezereel Grace G. Tiron
Bernie P. Alcedo
Division of Iloilo City Management Team:
Ma. Luz M. De los Reyes, SDS
Ernesto F. Servillon Jr., ASDS
Arlo L. Villalva, CID Chief
Dr. Jerry M. Lego, SGOD Chief
Leila G. Valencia, EPS-LR
Ligaya H. Montelijao, EPS-Mathematics
Regional Management Team
Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma
Dr. Josilyn S. Solana
Dr. Elena P. Gonzaga
Mr. Donald T. Genine
Mr. Adonis Mosquera
Introductory Message
Welcome to Statistics and Probability for Senior High School!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of

the Schools Division of Iloilo City and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western
Visayas through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD).
This is developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and
responsible adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to
12 Basic Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials

aimed to guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and
time using the contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist
the learners in acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for
productivity and employment.

For learning facilitator:

The Statistics and Probability for Senior High School will help you
facilitate the teaching-learning activities specified in each Most Essential
Learning Competency (MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face encounter
between you and learner. This will be made available to the learners with the
references/links to ease the independent learning.

For the learner:

The Statistics and Probability for Senior High School is developed to

help you continue learning even if you are not in school. This learning material
provides you with meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning.
Being an active learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then
perform the activities and answer the assessments. This will be returned to
your facilitator on the agreed schedule.
 Quarter 3, Week 1

Learning Activity Sheets (LAS) No. 4

Name of Learner: ___________________ Grade and Section: _____________

Date: _____________________________

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY ACTIVITY SHEET

Illustrating a Probability Distribution for a Discrete Random Variable and Its
Properties.

I. Learning Competency with Code

Illustrates a probability distribution for a discrete random variable and its
properties. (M11/12SP-IIIa-4)

II. Background Information for Learners

The concept of the probability distribution for a discrete random

variable will be introduced in this activity sheet. You will learn how to construct
a probability distribution using your knowledge in getting the probability of an
event. When we decide to draw a conclusion from an experiment like tossing
a coin, rolling dice, or taking balls from a jar, it requires the use of random
variable and probability distribution. You will also learn how to determine if the
given distribution represents a probability distribution.

Random variables have distributions. In this activity sheet, we will

describe the essential properties of distributions of discrete random variables.
Distributions can have many forms, but there are some special types of
distributions that arise in many different practical contexts. We will discuss
only the probability distribution.

One great example in mind is observing the number of cars passing

through your house in a single day. You cannot say which color of the car will
first pass. This experiment is random. Here, we are not interested in the type
of cars passing but in their number (like blue – 2, red – 3, etc.). The number of
these cars can be anything starting from zero but it will be finite. This is the
basic concept of random variables and its probability distribution. Here, the
random variable is the number of the cars passing. It is not constant. It can
also vary from the type of the events we are interested in.
Example 1:COVID - 19 Infected Persons

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a

newly discovered coronavirus. Most people who fall sick with COVID-19 will
experience mild to moderate symptoms and recover without special
treatment. Thousands of people not only in the Philippines but in the whole
world were tested positive in this virus, and some of them recovered from the
disease. The following table shows the number of infected persons in a
remote town from day 1 to day 10.
 Day Infected Persons (X)

1 5

2 6

3 4

4 2

5 8

6 5

7 1

8 3

9 6

10 0

Illustrate a probability distribution of a random variable X showing the number

of infected persons per day and its corresponding probabilities.

Solution:

If each of the outcomes is equally likely to occur, then the probability is:

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡

P (E)= 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒

Infected Persons (X) P (X)

5
5 or 0.125
40

6
6 or 0.15
40
 4
4 or 0.10
40

2
2 or 0.05
40

8
8 or 0.20
40

5
5 or 0.125
40

1
1 or 0.025
40

3
3 40
or 0.075

6
6 or 0.15
40

0
0 or 0
40

Assign probability values P(X) to each value of the random variable. Since the
number of outcomes is 40, the probability will be computed using the formula
above.

Example 2: Number of Boys

There are three children in a family. Let X be a random variable representing
the number of boys. Assuming that boys and girls are equally likely to be selected,
illustrate the probability distribution of a random variable X.

Solution:

Steps Solution

1. Determine the sample space. Let B The sample space for this experiment is
represents the boy and G represents the S = {BBB, BBG, BGB, GBB, GGB, GBG,
girl. BGG, GGG}.
2. Count the number of boys in each
outcome in the sample space and Possible Value of the
assign this number to this outcome. Outcomes Random Variable
X (number of
boys)

BBB 3

BBG 2

BGB 2

GBB 2

GGB 1

GBG 1

BGG 1

GGG 0

3. There are four possible values of the

random variable X representing the Number of Boys Probability P(X)
number of boys. The possible values (X)
that X can take are 0, 1, 2, and 3.
Assign probability values P(X) to each 1
value of the random variable. 0
8
3
1
8
3
2
8
1
3
8

You can also construct the table in this form:

X 0 1 2 3
1 3 3 1
P(X)
8 8 8 8

Notice that adding all the probabilities will result to

 1 3 3 1 1+3+3+1 8
+8+ + = = 8 = 1. If you add all the probabilities, the
8 8 8 8

sum is equal to 1. From the given example, you can see that the values of the
probability range from 0 to 1.

The probability distribution of a discrete random variable X is a list of the

possible values of X and the corresponding probabilities of the values. It specifies
the probability associated with each possible value of the random variable. The
distribution functions of discrete random variables are concentrated as a mass for
a particular value, and generally known as Probability Mass Function.

Properties of Discrete Probability Distribution

 The probability of each value of the random variable must be between or equal
to 0 and 1. In symbol 0 < P(X) < 1.
 The sum of all the probabilities of all values of the random variable must be
equal to 1. In symbol, we write it asP(X) = 1
Example 3. Determine whether the distribution below is a discrete probability
distribution.

X 1 2 3 4 5
1 1 1 1 1
P(X)
4 4 4 4 4

Solution:

The distribution must satisfy that each probability value P(X) must be
1. be between or equal to 0 and 1; and
2. the sum of all the values of the probabilities must be equal to 1.
By adding all the values of P(X)
1 1 1 1 1 5
Σ P(X)= + + + + =
4 4 4 4 4 4

The probability of each value of the random variable has the same
1
value which is 4 and this value lies between or equal to 0 and 1 but the sum of
its probabilities is not equal to 1. Hence, this is not a probability distribution
because P(X) ≠ 1.
III. Accompanying DepEd Textbook and Education Sites

Alferez, M.S. &Duro, M.A. (2006). MSA Statistics and Probability. MSA
Publishing House. Reprinted 2016.

Belecina, R. R.et.al. (2016). Statistics and Probability. First Edition. Rex Book
Store, Inc.

CHED. Statistics and Probability. Pasig City: Department of Education -

Bureau of Learning Resources, 2016

https://www.toppr.com/guides/maths/probability/random-variable-and-its-
probability-distribution/

IV. Activity Proper

General Directions: In answering the exercises in the Learning Activity
Sheet (LAS), please be reminded not to write anything here. All answers
must be written in a separate sheet of paper. Read each problem carefully
and answer it systematically. If solution is required, encircle your final
answer.
Exercise 1: Wearing of Face Mask
Face masks must be worn in all indoor public spaces and covered
areas. This includes educational institutions, public transport and locations
where contact-based professions are carried out, as well as shops, town halls
and train stations. The face mask should cover the nose, mouth and chin.
John is a store owner in his town. Due to COVID-19 pandemic, wearing a face
mask of a person is required for their safety. Since there are limited stocks
available, he decided to start another business by making a face mask. He
started selling face masks from day 1 to day 10. The data he collected is
shown in the table below.

Number of Face Mask

Day
(X)
1 10
2 20
3 5
4 18
5 15
6 12
7 14
8 10
9 25
10 16
 Illustrate a probability distribution of a random variable X showing the number
of face masks sold per day and its corresponding probabilities.

Exercise 2: Determine whether the given values can serve as the values of a
probability distribution.

a. P(0) = 0.03, P(1)=1.0, P(2)= 0.25, P(3) = 1.11

1 1 1 1
b. P(1) = 4 , P(2) = 5 , P(3) = 2 , P(4) = 20

Exercise 3: Defective or Non-defective Computers

Your computer teacher told you that the 6 computers in the

separate computer room contains two that are defective. If you and
your classmate are allowed to use two of these computers at random,
list the sample space S using the letters D for defective and N for
non-defective computers, respectively. To each sample point, assign
a value of the random variable Y representing the number of
computers which are defective.

Value of the Random

Probability P(Y)
Variable Y
V. Reflection

Instruction. Reflect on the following questions and write your response in your
journal.

Head: What is something in the lesson that made you think?

Heart: How do you feel about the lesson presented?

Bin: Is there something in the lesson that you disagree with?

Bag: What are your “takeaways” from the lesson?

Exercise 1
X 5 10 12 14 15 16 18 20 25
1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
P(X)
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Exercise 2
a. No, it is not a probability distribution. The sum of the probability values is greater than 1.
b. Yes, it is a probability distribution. Each probability value P(X) is between or equal to 0 and
1. The sum of all the values of the probabilities is equal to 1.
Exercise 3
S = {(DD, DN, ND, NN)}
Value of the Random Variable Y Probability P(Y)
1
2
4
2
1
4
1
0
4
Key to Solution