∆𝐶𝜃

An axial turbine stage is to be designed for a work ratio at the mid-radius of ( ) = 2 and
𝑈 𝑚
a free-vortex swirl distribution upstream and downstream if the rotor. At the mean radius,
the degree of reaction is to be 50%. The hub-to-tip ratio is to be 0.8. At the hub radius, the
nozzle angle is 70o to the axial direction. Draw the mean and hub velocity triangles (rough to
scale). Determine the ratio of axial velocity to blade velocity at mid-radius. Determine the
blade angles and the degree of reaction at the hub radius.

At mid-radius, an axial turbine stage is designed for 50% reaction, zero outlet swirl and an
axial velocity component of 200 m/s (uniform through the stage). The absolute flow angle at
the outlet of the stator is 65 degrees from the axial direction. At the design point, what is the
work done by the fluid at mid-radius on the rotor (in kJ/kg). For no change from turbine
design flow conditions, but with 20% drop from design rotor rpm, estimate the work done.

A turbine stage at pitchline has the following velocity vectors, as shown. Calculate,
(a) the axial velocities up- and downstream of the rotor
(b) the rotor velocity Um
(c) the degree of reaction at this radius.

A 50% degree of reaction turbine stage is shown. The nozzle turns the flow 65 deg. and the
rotor exit flow is swirl-free. Assuming axial velocity remains constant throughout the stage,
calculate
(a) axial velocity Cz m/s
(b) rotor specific work wt kJ/kg
(c) stage loading 𝜓
(d) flow coefficient 𝜑
(e) static temperature drop ΔT = T1 − T2
(f) static temperature drop ΔT = T2 − T3
Assume cpt = 1.156 kJ∕kg ⋅ K.