Grammar Practice

Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................

13.5 Adjective Clauses

Key Information
An adjective clause is subordinate and modi- Adjective clauses that cannot be removed with-
fies a noun or pronoun. out clouding the sentence’s meaning are essen-
tial, or restrictive, clauses.
That show is one that always amuses me.
That is one show that the public loves.
My room is the place where I have the
most privacy. Adjective clauses that are not needed to make a
sentence’s meaning clear are called nonessential,
Adjective clauses are introduced by relative pro-
or nonrestrictive, clauses. They are always set off
nouns (who, whom, whose, that, and which)
by commas.
or by the subordinating conjunctions where
and when. That show, which is my favorite also,
airs every Monday night at 9:00 P.M.

■ A. Understanding Adjective Clauses

For each of the following sentences, underline the adjective clause once, write either essential or
nonessential above it, and circle the word that it modifies. One sentence has two adjective clauses.
nonessential
1. In the game of cricket, play takes place between two teams, which have eleven
members each.
essential
2. The two wickets are the objects that are central to the game.
nonessential
3. The wickets, which are three wooden stumps, are placed sixty feet apart.
essential
4. The player whose turn it is to bat stands in front of a wicket.
nonessential
5. The bowler, who is like a pitcher in baseball, throws a ball that resembles a baseball.
nonessential
6. The batter tries to hit the ball while defending his wicket, which has two crosspieces
balanced on top.
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essential
7. A batter who successfully hits the ball runs to the opposite wicket.
essential
8. The pitcher’s goal is to knock off the two crosspieces that are on top of the wicket by
making the batter swing and miss.

■ B. Using Adjective Clauses

Combine each of the following pairs of sentences to form one complex sentence. To do this,
change the second sentence to an adjective clause, and then add it to the first sentence.
1. Wallace Stevens was born in Reading, Pennsylvania, in 1879. Wallace Stevens is considered
one of the greatest American poets.
Wallace Stevens, who is considered one of the greatest American poets, was born in Reading,
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Pennsylvania, in 1879.
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2. The fact that Stevens did not win the Nobel Prize for literature surprised many
Americans. The Americans were familiar with his work.
The fact that Stevens did not win the Nobel Prize for literature surprised many Americans who were
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familiar with his work.
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Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook, Grade 10, Unit 13 19

 Grammar Practice
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................

13.6 Adverb Clauses

Key Information
An adverb clause is a subordinate clause that An adverb clause is introduced by a subordinat-
modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb. ing conjunction. An adverb clause may appear
Adverb clauses tell when, where, how, why, to before or after the main clause.
what extent, or under what conditions.
Because I had obtained my license on
After I passed my test, I drove home as my first try, I was happy.
a fully licensed driver. [adverb clause telling
Certain words can sometimes be left out of an
when the subject drove]
adverb clause. You can easily supply the missing
I was happy because I had obtained my words, however, since they are implied.
license on my first try. [adverb clause
I doubt if he can spell better than I
telling why the subject was happy]
[can spell].

■ A. Identifying Adverb Clauses

In each of the following sentences, underline the adverb clause once, and underline the word
or words that it modifies twice.
1. John Keats’s work will be studied as long as English poetry is studied.
2. Before he died at the early age of twenty-five, Keats had written some of the finest poems
in the English language.
3. It is actually quite easy for one to gain a quick taste of Keats’s talents, since many of his
most acclaimed works are short poems called odes.
4. Some were written in great haste as if he were afraid to lose his inspiration.
5. For example, after he had spent a few hours sitting outside one day, he wrote one of his
most famous poems, “Ode to a Nightingale.”

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6. When the poet Shelley heard of Keats’s death, he wrote a long poetical lament
entitled “Adonais.”
7. Since Keats had not been very popular with the critics, Shelley blamed them for the
poet’s death.
8. Late in his life, when he learned he was dying from tuberculosis, Keats moved from
England to Rome.

■ B. Using Adverb Clauses

Combine each of the following pairs of sentences to form one complex sentence. To do this,
change the second sentence to an adverb clause. Then add it to the first sentence.
1. Great Britain has surprisingly mild winters. The Gulf Stream brings warm air from
the south.
Great Britain has surprisingly mild winters because the Gulf Stream brings warm air from the south.
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2. A lunar eclipse occurs. The earth passes between the sun and the moon.
A lunar eclipse occurs when the earth passes between the sun and the moon.
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3. A tree is deciduous. It loses its leaves in the fall.
A tree is deciduous if it loses its leaves in the fall.
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20 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook, Grade 10, Unit 13

 Grammar Practice
Name ...................................................................................... Class .................................................. Date ................................

13.7 Noun Clauses

Key Information
A noun clause is a subordinate clause that The prime suspect will be whoever does
functions as a noun. A noun clause can serve as not have an alibi. [predicate nominative]
a subject, a direct object, an indirect object, the
The following are some of the words that can
object of a preposition, or nominative.
be used to introduce noun clauses.
Whoever committed the crime will be
how when who, whom
caught. [subject]
that where whoever
The detective wondered where each sus-
pect had been that night. [direct object] what which whose
The police have photos of what was whatever whichever why
stolen. [object of a preposition]

■ A. Identifying Noun Clauses

Underline the noun clause in each of the following sentences. Then write above the clause how
it is used, as a subject (S), direct object (DO), indirect object (IO), predicate nominative (PN),
or object of a preposition (OP).
DO
1. The biology teacher showed the class how to begin the frog dissection.
DO
2. No one knows who invented the wheel.
DO
3. The explorers dreamed that they would some day find the “fountain of youth.”
PN
4. In today’s meet, the winner will be whoever has the most stamina.
S
5. When they will get here always remains a mystery until the last minute.
OP
6. I could not see for whom the audience was applauding.
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■ B. Using Noun Clauses

In each of the following sentences, replace the words in italics with an appropriate noun
clause. Write your new sentence in the space provided. Possible answers are given.
Example: Swimming enthusiasts like to go to the beach.
Whoever enjoys swimming likes to go to the beach.
1. You can usually find necessary news about recent happenings in the newspaper.
You can usually find what you need to know about current events in the newspaper.
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2. At a crowded restaurant, people were talking about the approaching weather.
At a crowded restaurant, people were talking about whether it would rain or snow.
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3. They will award the winner the trophy.
They will award whoever wins the trophy.
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4. The mail carrier will deliver any of the postage-paid packages.
The mail carrier will deliver whichever packages have the proper postage.
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Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook, Grade 10, Unit 13 21