ACTIVITY 3 Organic Chem

PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
Old Nalsian Road, Nalsian, Calasiao, Pangasinan, Philippines 2418
Tel. No. (075)522-8032/Fax No. (075)523-0894/Website: www.philcst.edu.ph
ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED, Member: Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities
(PACU),
NAME: _________________________________ DATE: ______RATING _________

PROGRAM, YR. & BLK. ___________ INSTRUCTOR: MRS. Virginia Arenas Lumague
ACTIVITY NO. 3
PURIFICATION OF LIQUIDS BY DISTILLATION
I. THEORY:
Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in their
volatiles in a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation is a unit operation, or a physical
separation process, and not a chemical reaction.
Uses of Distillation
Distillation has many applications:
• It's used in chemistry to separate and purify liquids.
• Distillation is used to make alcoholic beverages, vinegar, and purified
water.
• It's one of the oldest methods of desalinating water. Distilled water dates
back to at least 200 AD, when it was described by Greek philosopher
Alexander of Aphrodisias.
• Distillation is used on an industrial scale to purify chemicals.
• The fossil fuel industry uses distillation to separate components of crude
oil to make chemical feedstock and fuel.
In the modern organic chemistry laboratory, distillation is a powerful tool, both
for the identification and purification of organic compounds. The boiling point of
a compound – determined by distillation is well defined and thus is one of the
TECHNOLOGY
(PACU),
physical properties of a compound by which it is identified. Distillation is used to

purify a compound by separating it from a non-volatile or less volatile material.
II. OBJECTIVE:
To carry out distillation of a liquid
Discuss problems encountered in carrying out a distillation process III.
MATERIALS:
Thermometer Bunsen burner Condenser
Distilling flask boiling chips iron stand
Clamps cork iron ring
TECHNOLOGY
(PACU),
IV. PROCEDURE:
1. Set up a simple distillation apparatus. Be sure to check the following details.
a) The top of the thermometer bulb should extend just below the side arm of
the distilling flask so that the entire mercury bulb is bathed in the rising vapor.
b). The side arm should extend beyond the end of the cork into the top of the
condenser and the tip of the condenser should extend beyond the cork in the
adapter so that the distillate does not pick up impurities from the cork.
c) Clamp both the distilling flask and the condenser. The adapter need not to
be clamp.
d) Do not connect the lower end of the adapter to the receiver with a cork.
This will create a closed system, and an explosion might occur when the system
is heated.
e) Circulate water through the condenser prior to distillation. Water enters
the lower portion of the condenser and exits from the upper portion.
f) Add 2 or 3 boiling chips to the distilling flask to prevent any major amount
of super heating, which causes bumping.
g) HAVE YOUR LABORATORY INSTRUCTOR CHECK YOUR DISTILLATION SET-
UP BEFORE APPLYING ANY HEAT.
2. Remove the thermometer with its cork and, by means of a funnel, add
30 ml of acetone and 30 ml. of water to the distilling flask.
3. Number and label three 50 ml. Erlenmeyer flasks for collecting various
fractions as follows: I 65 – 74 deg. C
II 75 – 84 deg. C
III 85 – 94 deg. C
TECHNOLOGY
(PACU),
4. Gently heat the flask until the liquid begins to boil. When the liquid begins
to drip into the receiver, adjust the height of the flame so that the distillate
collects steadily at the rate of approximately 1 drop every 2 seconds.
5. Change the receiving flask rapidly at the specified temperature intervals
shown in step 3.
6. Continue the distillation until the temperature reaches 95deg. C, then
shut off the Bunsen burner.
7. Use a graduated cylinder to measure the volume of the distillate obtained
in each fraction and the residue remaining in the distilling flask. Record your
results as follows:
FRACTION Temperature range Volume Collected, ml.
( deg. C
I 65 – 74 10ML
II 75 – 84 17ML
III 85 - 94 5ML
Residue ( 95 deg. C and 25ML
above )
TOTAL VOLUME 58ML
IV. CONCLUSIONS:
1. The entire mercury bulb of the thermometer must be below the level of the
side-arm in order to obtain an accurate reading of the distillation
temperature. Why is this so? .
- THE BULB PART OF THE THERMOMETER IS POSITION NEAR THE SIDE ARM OF THE Y
ADAPTOR SO THAT IF MONITORS THE TEMPERATURE OF THE VAPORS. SEE THE
ILLUSTRATION BELOW. IF IT IS TOO LOW. IT WILL BE TOO CLOSE TO THE BOILING
LIQUID AND WILL READ HIGHER THAN THE TRUE VAPOR TEMPERATURE. IF IT IS
POSITIONED TOO HIGH . IT WILL BE OUT OF THE PATH OF THE VAPORS AND READ
LOWER THAN THE TRUE TEMPERATURE.
TECHNOLOGY
(PACU),
2. Why is cold water circulated through the condenser from the bottom rather
than from the top?
3. In most distillations, the total volume of the liquid obtained (distillate +
residue) is not equal to the volume that was introduced into the flask. What
are the possible sources of loss in this procedure?
4. In the process of distillation of a mixture of acetone and water, how does the
composition of the first vapor produced compare with that of the original
mixture?
5. What is the use of boiling chips?
ASSESSMENT: The laboratory Activity will be assessed with a maximum score of

60 points. The rubric below will guide you on how your answer will be rated.
Category/ criteria 15 10 5
FOLLOWING Directions were Few errors were found Did not follow the
DIRECTION followed and there are and directions were directions.
no inaccuracies. followed.
PRESENTATION Output is highly Output Is creative and Output lacks creativity,
creative and neat, demonstrates some neatness and does not
and demonstrates effort, but some detail demonstrate effort.
effort. is lacking.
ORGANIZATION Ideas are organized in a Ideas seem logical and Ideas are not logically
logical and engaging quite convincing. organized.
manner.
QUALITY OF WORK Provides high quality of Provides work that Provides work that the
work. some portion needs whole activity needs
to be rechecked/redo to be rechecked/redo
to ensure quality. to ensure quality.
TECHNOLOGY
(PACU),

ACTIVITY 3 Organic Chem

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PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND

NAME: _______________________ DATE: RATING _

physical properties of a compound by which it is identified. Distillation is used to

ASSESSMENT: The laboratory Activity will be assessed with a maximum score of

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