To design a Low Cost Power Bank

VINUSH Nithin K Bhat T Kaushik Yadiyal

Department of ECE Department of ECE Department of ECE
MITE, MOODABIDRI, Karnataka, India. MITE, MOODABIDRI, Karnataka, India. MITE, MOODABIDRI, Karnataka, India.
Vinushpoojary1246@gmail.com bhatnithink@gmail.com kaushikyadiyal9900@gmail.com

Swapna Srinivasan
Department of ECE
MITE, MOODABIDRI, Karnataka, India.
swapna@mite.ac.in

Abstract—The concept of being able to charge mobile phones
on the go has been a pleasant help to almost everyone in the
present times. Ever since the increasing abilities and the
decreasing cost of smartphones, their utility has increased and
their power consumption is high. The present-day smart phones
have a very large storage capacity and the parallelism with
respect to apps associated with them is increasing rapidly.
Keywords— KiCAD, battery banks, lithium battery.
I. Introduction
We are living in an electronics world, wherever we go,
whoever we see they possess an electronic device with them. In
this electronic era, mobile phones are playing an important role
in each and everyone’s life. It is used for communication
purposes like calling, messaging. It can also be used for
browsing. So, people use it most of their time and run out of
charge. Everywhere and every time people can’t have access to
a power socket to charge their mobile phones. So, for their
convenience, a power bank was invented. Power bank
comprises a special battery in a special case with a special
circuit to control power flow. They allow us to store electrical
energy (deposit it in the bank) which an be utilised later to
charge mobile via mobile charger. The aim and objective of
this project is to design a device that can be used to recharge
mobile devices when there is no power supply.
In recent years, the use of power banks has risen
significantly as they provide a very convenient and easy
method of charging smartphones and other devices when away
from mains power. Wireless charging power banks have also
been introduced for those devices that can be charged
wirelessly. The name power bank can be linked to a financial
bank where funds can be deposited, stored, and withdrawn
when needed. These items are also often referred to as portable
chargers, as they can charge items like mobile phones without
the need to be connected to the mains during charging,
although battery need to be charged and this requires a main
power supply.
The increasing costs of electricity make it less affordable
for the poor. The bigger part is that solar-powered devices
contribute to zero emissions and can be accessed anywhere
with a supportive climate. In areas with higher altitudes, the
lack of availability of power always results in a problem for
people, defence personnel etc. A large portion of available land
in the world does not have access to a continuous power
supply.
II. SYSTEM MODEL DESCRIPTION
o Charging system and discharging system
For a power bank ,the power is the maximum flow of
energy that it can output, which equals the voltage multiplied
by the current. A battery bank is a hybrid mashup of the battery
system of a cell phone and the charging supply of a cell phone
USB charger. By using 3 Li-ion batteries each battery having
3800mAh 3.7V
Fig1 Block diagram
The aim and objective of this project is to design a device
that can be used to recharge mobile devices when there is no
power-supply.
A power bank is a portable charger designed to recharge
electronics device when you are on the move. A power bank
can be small enough to fit into the pocket-sized with the higher
capacity. A basic power bank with two ports for charging
multiple devices at once. A power bank is a built-in battery
charges through an external power supply, such as wall socket,
then store the energy in chemical energy.
We have designed the model in PCB,
A. The schematic representation of the design
Fig2 schematic representation
Red lines indicate copper traces. Yellow lines indicate
optional silkscreen layer for positioning of electronic parts.
Shown are the operational amplifier placement (central yellow
square), resistors (smaller yellow squares) and capacitors
(smallest yellow squares). Schematic view of bottom layer of
PCB. Green lines indicate copper traces. Large green filled
area represents ground plate. A model file of this schematic is
provided for download. 
B. The top layer representation of the design
Fig3 top layer representation
The top mount assembly, the layer which are at the top of
the PCB are mounted, called top layer. This layer is normally
green in color. “The layer which is on the top of PCB, use to
define the area of solder paste on the pad of any component,
this is called SPT (Solder Paste Top).” The top layer, also
called the component layer, is mainly used to place
components.
For double layers and multilayers, it can be used to arrange
wires or copper.
C. The bottom layer representation of the design
Fig4 bottom layer representation
In through the hole where the components are
soldered, this layer is called bottom of the layer. Bottom
signal layer (Bottom Layer), also known as solder layer,
is mainly used for wiring and soldering. For double-
layer board and multilayer board, components can be
placed.
D The side representation of the design
Fig5 side representation
The view in which both the top and bottom part are
partially visible which helps in knowing clear connection of
each design and also side view will help in viewing whether
the component is perfectly placed in the PCB or not.
E. Hardware design
The designed rechargeable power banks which are simple,
portable and are extensively used for charging almost all
portable electronic gadgets. The circuit is designed using IC
LM2576 of 5V . The circuit is designed as per circuit diagram.
The USB port is connected to the output to charge the phone
through a USB charger(cable). The Li-ion battery is highly
efficient, can fully charge in 1-2 hours, built in overcharge
protection and we can get the longest life and it is maintenance
free. The mobile phone requires high power batteries for
enhancing operating duration. The power bank is an essential
power source which is part of modern day life and by this
design we get 1% of charge per minute.
The USB cable is a versatile product and that is being used
here to deliver the current and voltage to the phones and other
devices used. This is the most important part used in the
making of the power bank. The USB cable works on
specifically and only 5V. Any voltage greater than 5V this will
damage the device used and any voltage lesser than this might
not power it to a sufficient. This property of the USB cable to
handle 5V is highly advantageous, as, most of the phones
charge within 5V.
Fig6 Hardware design
F. Centroid of design
The centroid data file is a location map of the components
and therefore contains all information regarding the position
and orientation of every surface mount component on the
circuit board. The layer side is usually defaulted to the top
side, but can be expressed as a top/bottom. The XY
information should signify the centre of the component ,
this detail is used by pick-n-place machine to place the
components of a deign. KiKAD is a very effective tool for
the design of Printed Circuit Boards. The tool has numerous
characteristics along with capability of designing PCB layout
such as ability of generating Schematics design, and auto
conversion of schematics to PCB layout etc. The Component
Placement List is also sometimes referred to as Pick and Place
or Centroid file when use of the tool KiCAD is considered.
Fig7 Centroid
The power bank input and output are designed to
compatible with universal series bus and this protects the
system from any electrical glitches while plug-in. The USB
connectors are user friendly to connect with any portable
electronic devices such as smartphones. The charging process
is carried out at temperature through USB. During the process,
there is a change in the voltages which consume the energy. is
obtained and estimated the actual usable capacity of the power
bank
Fig8 Centroid
Fig9 Power bank Simulation
III. CONCLUSIONS
The Li-ion battery is highly efficient, can fully charge
in 1-2 hours, built in overcharge protection and we can get
the longest life and it is maintenance free. The mobile
phone requires high power batteries for enhancing
operating duration. The power bank is an essential power
source which is part of modern-day life and by this design
we are going to get 1% of charge per minute.
The power bank is an essential power source for
charging the mobile phones which is part of modern day
life. The importance of the power bank is lithium-ion
battery technologies are explained easily. The performance
of the lithium ion cell like capacities are found to be same
within the studied cycles and the variation in the rated and
actual capacities of the power bank. The lab results shows
that the charging duration of the power banks from
manufacturer to manufacturer. And also, the practical
deliverable capacity is comparatively lesser than the
capacity of 5000mAh power bank.
Usually a charger is needed to charge the power bank.
But, any charger adapter can be used to charge the battery.
Be it any charger available in our homes or, the phone
charger adapter itself, any of these can be used, very change
in the hardware of the device.
REFERENCES
[1] Y. B. Suen, K. T. Chan, T. K. Hung, and C. C. Lee, ‘‘Remote
monitoring on capacity of portable power bank in testing laboratories,’’ in
Proc. 43rd Annu. Conf. IEEE Ind. Electron. Soc. (IECON), Oct. 2017, pp.
4734–4739.
[2] G. A. Covic and J. T. Boys, “Inductive Power Transfer,”
Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 101, no. 6, pp. 1276-1289, June 2013.
[3] C. R. Valenta, and G. D. Durgin, “Harvesting Wireless Power:
Surveyof Energy-Harvester Conversion Efficiency in Far-Field, Wireless
PowerTransfer Systems,” IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 108-
120, June 2014.
[4] Diane Leslie Marketing. (Jun. 10, 2019). Power Bank—
Certifications.
[5] S. Sudevalayam, and P. Kulkarni, “Energy Harvesting Sensor
Nodes:Survey and Implications,” IEEE ommunications Surveys &
Tutorials,vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 443-461, September 2011.
[6] Hemant R Maurya, Prof. Sagar Ghormade, Prof. Sagar Pradhan, “
Design of Power Bank with BuckBoost Converter”, International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology, 3 (5)(2016) 463-466
[7] Abhishek Joshi, “Low Cost, Portable and Extendable Power Bank”,
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 6 (4) (2015) 87-89
[8] Xiaogang Wu, Wenwen Shi and Jiuyu Du, “MultiObjective Optimal
Charging Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries”, Energies, 10 (2017) 1271.
[9] Tanvir Singh, Prashant Bhardwaj, Dr. Balwinder Singh, Amit
Kumar, “Design and Development of Portable Power Charger: A Green Energy
Initiative”,