MODULE 6

BEAMS
Laterally Unsupported Beams;

➢ when a beam is not adequately supported against lateral buckling, the design bending
strengthmaybegoverned bylateraltorsionalbuckling strength
➢ ifthe laterallyunrestrainedlengthofthe compression flange ofthe beamis relatively long,
thebeamwouldfailwellbeforeitcanattainitsfullmomentcapacity

B
M


Section B-B
Lateral Buckling of Beams;

➢ distance betweenlateralsupportstothecompression flange

➢ restraints attheendsandatintermediate support locations (boundary conditions)
➢ typeandpositionoftheloads
➢ momentgradient alongtheunsupported length
➢ typeofcross–section
➢ non–prismatic natureofthemember
➢ materialproperties
➢ magnitude anddistribution ofresidualstresses
➢ initialimperfections ofgeometry andeccentricity ofloading
Allowable Bending Stress;

➢ MemberswithCompact orNon-Compact Sections with Lb >Lc;

• for such members with an axis of symmetry and loaded in the plane of the web,
allowable bendingstresscanbedetermined from;

L 703270Cb
if, rt <
❖ ,
Fy

Fb = 0.60Fy

703270Cb L 3516330Cb
if,  rt <
❖ ,
Fy Fy

2
L
Fy r
2 t
Fb = − 6 Fy  0.60Fy
3 10.55x10 Cb
 Allowable Bending Stress;
L
rt

➢ MemberswithCompact orNon-Compact Sections with Lb >Lc;

• for such members with an axis of symmetry and loaded in the plane of the web,
allowable bendingstresscanbedetermined from;

L 3516330Cb
if, rt >
❖ ,
Fy

1172100Cb
Fb = 2 Fb  0.60Fy
L
rt
Allowable Bending Stress;

➢ MemberswithCompact orNon-Compact Sections with Lb >Lc;

• for sections with solid compression flange and with an area not less than the tension
flange;
82740Cb
Fb =  0.60Fy
Ld
Af

2
M1 M1
Cb = 1.75 + 1.05 
M2 + 0.30 M2 2.30

Cb = 1.0 – whenbendingmomentatanypointwithinanunbraced
lengthislargerthanatbothendsof theunbraced length
❖ M1/M2 is positive when M1 and M2 have the same sign and negative, when they
areofoppositesigns
Allowable Bending Stress;

➢ RadiusofGyration;
• distancefromanaxisatwhichthemassofabodymaybeassumedtobeconcentrated
andatwhichthemomentofinertiawillbeequaltothemomentofinertiaoftheactual
massabouttheaxis;
A
Ac = Af + 6w

It
rt = Ac
EX.Computetheradiusofgyrationfortheweldedplateshown.

PL 20 x 200

PL 10 x 600

200
10
100

PL 20 x 200 20

A
Ac = Af + w = 20(200) +10(100) = 5000.0mm2
6
(100)(10)3 (20)(200)3
It = + = 1.3x107 mm4
12 12

It 1.334x107
rt = = = 51.66mm
Ac 5000
EX.AnA36W10x100istosupporttheloadsshown.Neglectingweight 40 kN 60 kN
of beam, check if beam is adequate if lateral supports are provided at
supports only.
Properties ofW10x100;
3m 6m 5m
d = 281.94mm tw = 17.27mm 235.74
bf = 262.64mm tf = 28.45mm 158.58
Sx = 1835x103 mm3 rt = 72.39mm

bf 262.64
2tf = 2 28.45 = 4.62

170 170
= = 10.80
Fy 248
EX.AnA36W10x100istosupporttheloadsshown.Neglectingweight 40 kN 60 kN
of beam, check if beam is adequate if lateral supports are provided at
supports only.
Properties ofW10x100;
3m 6m 5m
d = 281.94mm tw = 17.27mm 235.74
bf = 262.64mm tf = 28.45mm 158.58
Sx = 1835x103 mm3 rt = 72.39mm

since,therearenoaxialforces,  fa = 0
d 281.94
= = 16.33
tw 17.27
1680 1680
= = 106.68
Fy 248

bf 170 d 1680
since, 2tf < and tw < ,
Fy Fy

 sectioniscompact
EX.AnA36W10x100istosupporttheloadsshown.Neglectingweight 40 kN 60 kN
of beam, check if beam is adequate if lateral supports are provided at
supports only.
Properties ofW10x100;
3m 6m 5m
d = 281.94mm tw = 17.27mm 235.74
bf = 262.64mm tf = 28.45mm 158.58
Sx = 1835x103 mm3 rt = 72.39mm

200bf 200 262.64

L1 = = = 3.34m
Fy 248(1000)

137900 137900
L2 = = = 14.74m
d F 281.94 248 (1000)
Af y 262.64 28.45

 adapt, Lc = 3.34m
EX.AnA36W10x100istosupporttheloadsshown.Neglectingweight 40 kN 60 kN
of beam, check if beam is adequate if lateral supports are provided at
supports only.
Properties ofW10x100;
3m 6m 5m
d = 281.94mm tw = 17.27mm 235.74
bf = 262.64mm tf = 28.45mm 158.58
Sx = 1835x103 mm3 rt = 72.39mm

➢ considertheleftspan, Lu = 3.0m

since,Lu < Lc,  spanislaterallysupported

Fb = 0.66Fy = 0.66(248) = 163.68MPa

M 158.58x106
fb = = = 86.42MPa
Sx 1835x103
since, fb < Fb,  spanisadequate
EX.AnA36W10x100istosupporttheloadsshown.Neglectingweight 40 kN 60 kN
of beam, check if beam is adequate if lateral supports are provided at
supports only.
Properties ofW10x100;
3m 6m 5m
d = 281.94mm tw = 17.27mm 235.74
bf = 262.64mm tf = 28.45mm 158.58
Sx = 1835x103 mm3 rt = 72.39mm

➢ considerthemiddlespan, Lu = 6.0m,

since, Lu > Lc,  Fb mustbereduced

L 6000
= = 82.88
rt 72.39
M1 158.58
M2 = 235.74 = 0.673

2
M1 M1
Cb = 1.75+1.05 M +0.30 M
2 2
= 1.75+1.05(0.673)+0.30(0.673)2 = 2.59

since, Cb > 2.30,  adapt, Cb = 2.30

EX.AnA36W10x100istosupporttheloadsshown.Neglectingweight 40 kN 60 kN
of beam, check if beam is adequate if lateral supports are provided at
supports only.
Properties ofW10x100;
3m 6m 5m
d = 281.94mm tw = 17.27mm 235.74
bf = 262.64mm tf = 28.45mm 158.58
Sx = 1835x103 mm3 rt = 72.39mm

➢ considerthemiddlespan, Lu = 6.0m,

703270Cb 703270 2.30

= = 80.76
Fy 248

3516330Cb 3516330 2.30

= = 180.59
Fy 248

703270Cb L 3516330Cb
since, < < ,
Fy rt Fy
EX.AnA36W10x100istosupporttheloadsshown.Neglectingweight 40 kN 60 kN
of beam, check if beam is adequate if lateral supports are provided at
supports only.
Properties ofW10x100;
3m 6m 5m
d = 281.94mm tw = 17.27mm 235.74
bf = 262.64mm tf = 28.45mm 158.58
Sx = 1835x103 mm3 rt = 72.39mm

➢ considerthemiddlespan, Lu = 6.0m,
2
Fy rL
2 t
Fb = 3 10.55x106C Fy
−
b
2 (248)(82.884)2
= 3 − (10.55x106)(2.30) (248) = 147.92MPa

82740Cb (82740)(2.30)
Fb = = = 840.58MPa
Ld (6000)(281.94)
Af 262.64 28.45

 adapt, Fb = 148.8MPa
EX.AnA36W10x100istosupporttheloadsshown.Neglectingweight 40 kN 60 kN
of beam, check if beam is adequate if lateral supports are provided at
supports only.
Properties ofW10x100;
3m 6m 5m
d = 281.94mm tw = 17.27mm 235.74
bf = 262.64mm tf = 28.45mm 158.58
Sx = 1835x103 mm3 rt = 72.39mm

➢ considerthemiddlespan, Lu = 6.0m,

235.74x106
fb = = 128.47MPa
1835x103
since, fb < Fb,  spanisadequate
EX.AnA36W10x100istosupporttheloadsshown.Neglectingweight 40 kN 60 kN
of beam, check if beam is adequate if lateral supports are provided at
supports only.
Properties ofW10x100;
3m 6m 5m
d = 281.94mm tw = 17.27mm 235.74
bf = 262.64mm tf = 28.45mm 158.58
Sx = 1835x103 mm3 rt = 72.39mm

➢ considertherightspan, Lu = 5.0m,

since, Lu > Lc,  Fb mustbereduced

L 5000
= = 69.07
rt 72.39
M1 0
M2 = 235.74 = 0

Cb = 1.75+1.05(0) +0.30(0)2 = 1.75

since, Cb < 2.30,  adapt, Cb = 1.75

EX.AnA36W10x100istosupporttheloadsshown.Neglectingweight 40 kN 60 kN
of beam, check if beam is adequate if lateral supports are provided at
supports only.
Properties ofW10x100;
3m 6m 5m
d = 281.94mm tw = 17.27mm 235.74
bf = 262.64mm tf = 28.45mm 158.58
Sx = 1835x103 mm3 rt = 72.39mm

➢ considertherightspan, Lu = 5.0m,

703270Cb 703270 1.75

= = 70.45
Fy 248

L 703270Cb
since, < ,
rt Fy

Fb = 0.60Fy = 0.60(248) = 148.8MPa

(82740)(1.75)
Fb = = 767.49MPa
(5000)(281.94)
262.64 28.45

 adapt, Fb = 148.8MPa
EX.AnA36W10x100istosupporttheloadsshown.Neglectingweight 40 kN 60 kN
of beam, check if beam is adequate if lateral supports are provided at
supports only.
Properties ofW10x100;
3m 6m 5m
d = 281.94mm tw = 17.27mm 235.74
bf = 262.64mm tf = 28.45mm 158.58
Sx = 1835x103 mm3 rt = 72.39mm

➢ considertherightspan, Lu = 5.0m,

235.74x106
fb = = 128.47MPa
1835x103
since, fb < Fb,  sectionisadequate
EX.DeterminethevalueofserviceloadofanA36W27x84beam P 2.5P 2P
if lateral supports are located at point of loading and at supports.
Neglectweightofbeam.
3m 5m 10 m 6m
Properties ofW27x84;
6.54P
d = 678.43mm tw = 11.68mm 4.07P 2.75P
bf = 253.90mm tf = 16.26mm
Sx = 3490x103 mm3 rt = 63.25mm
13.44P 11.52P

bf 253.90
= = 7.81
2tf 2 16.26

170 170
= = 10.80
Fy 248
EX.DeterminethevalueofserviceloadofanA36W27x84beam P 2.5P 2P
if lateral supports are located at point of loading and at supports.
Neglectweightofbeam.
3m 5m 10 m 6m
Properties ofW27x84;
6.54P
d = 678.43mm tw = 11.68mm 4.07P 2.75P
bf = 253.90mm tf = 16.26mm
Sx = 3490x103 mm3 rt = 63.25mm
13.44P 11.52P

since,therearenoaxialforces,  fa = 0
d 678.43
tw = 11.68 = 58.09

1680 1680
= = 106.68
Fy 248

bf 170 d 1680
since, 2tf < and tw < ,
Fy Fy

 sectioniscompact
EX.DeterminethevalueofserviceloadofanA36W27x84beam P 2.5P 2P
if lateral supports are located at point of loading and at supports.
Neglectweightofbeam.
3m 5m 10 m 6m
Properties ofW27x84;
6.54P
d = 678.43mm tw = 11.68mm 4.07P 2.75P
bf = 253.90mm tf = 16.26mm
Sx = 3490x103 mm3 rt = 63.25mm
13.44P 11.52P

200bf 200 253.90

L1 = = = 3.22m
Fy 248 (1000)

137900 137900
L2 = = = 3.83m
d F 678.43 248 1000
Af y 253.90 16.26

 adapt, Lc = 3.22m
EX.DeterminethevalueofserviceloadofanA36W27x84beam P 2.5P 2P
if lateral supports are located at point of loading and at supports.
Neglectweightofbeam.
3m 5m 10 m 6m
Properties ofW27x84;
6.54P
d = 678.43mm tw = 11.68mm 4.07P 2.75P
bf = 253.90mm tf = 16.26mm
Sx = 3490x103 mm3 rt = 63.25mm
13.44P 11.52P

➢ considerthe3.0–mspan,

since, Lu < Lc,  spanislaterally supported

Fb = 0.66Fy = 0.66(248) = 163.68MPa

M = fbSx

(163.68)(3490x103)
13.44P = ; P = 42.50kN
1x106
EX.DeterminethevalueofserviceloadofanA36W27x84beam P 2.5P 2P
if lateral supports are located at point of loading and at supports.
Neglectweightofbeam.
3m 5m 10 m 6m
Properties ofW27x84;
6.54P
d = 678.43mm tw = 11.68mm 4.07P 2.75P
bf = 253.90mm tf = 16.26mm
Sx = 3490x103 mm3 rt = 63.25mm
13.44P 11.52P

➢ considerthe5.0–mspan,

since, Lu > Lc,  Fb mustbereduced

L 5000
= = 79.05
rt 63.25
M1 4.07P
= – 6.54P = –0.62
M2

2
M M
Cb = 1.75+1.05 M1 +0.30 M1
2 2
= 1.75–1.05(0.622) +0.30(0.622)2 = 1.21
EX.DeterminethevalueofserviceloadofanA36W27x84beam P 2.5P 2P
if lateral supports are located at point of loading and at supports.
Neglectweightofbeam.
3m 5m 10 m 6m
Properties ofW27x84;
6.54P
d = 678.43mm tw = 11.68mm 4.07P 2.75P
bf = 253.90mm tf = 16.26mm
Sx = 3490x103 mm3 rt = 63.25mm
13.44P 11.52P

➢ considerthe5.0–mspan,

703270Cb 703270 1.213

= = 58.65
Fy 248

3516330Cb 3516330 1.213

= = 131.14
Fy 248

703270Cb L 3516330Cb
since, < < ,
Fy rt Fy
EX.DeterminethevalueofserviceloadofanA36W27x84beam P 2.5P 2P
if lateral supports are located at point of loading and at supports.
Neglectweightofbeam.
3m 5m 10 m 6m
Properties ofW27x84;
6.54P
d = 678.43mm tw = 11.68mm 4.07P 2.75P
bf = 253.90mm tf = 16.26mm
Sx = 3490x103 mm3 rt = 63.25mm
13.44P 11.52P

➢ considerthe5.0–mspan,
2
Fy rL
2 t
Fb = 3 10.55x106C Fy
−
b
2 (248)(79.051)2
= 3 (10.55x106)(1.213) (248)
− = 135.30MPa

82740Cb (82740)(1.213)
Fb = = = 122.15MPa
Ld (5000)(678.43)
Af 253.90 16.26

 adapt, Fb = 135.30MPa
EX.DeterminethevalueofserviceloadofanA36W27x84beam P 2.5P 2P
if lateral supports are located at point of loading and at supports.
Neglectweightofbeam.
3m 5m 10 m 6m
Properties ofW27x84;
6.54P
d = 678.43mm tw = 11.68mm 4.07P 2.75P
bf = 253.90mm tf = 16.26mm
Sx = 3490x103 mm3 rt = 63.25mm
13.44P 11.52P

➢ considerthe5.0–mspan,

(135.30)(3490x103)
6.54P = ; P = 72.20kN
1x106
EX.DeterminethevalueofserviceloadofanA36W27x84beam P 2.5P 2P
if lateral supports are located at point of loading and at supports.
Neglectweightofbeam.
3m 5m 10 m 6m
Properties ofW27x84;
6.54P
d = 678.43mm tw = 11.68mm 4.07P 2.75P
bf = 253.90mm tf = 16.26mm
Sx = 3490x103 mm3 rt = 63.25mm
13.44P 11.52P

➢ considerthe10.0–mspan,

since, Lu > Lc,  Fb mustbereduced

L 10000
= = 158.10
rt 63.25
M1 2.75P
= = 0.42
M2 6.54P

Cb = 1.75+1.05(0.420)+0.30(0.420)2 = 2.24

since, Cb < 2.30,  adapt, Cb = 2.24

EX.DeterminethevalueofserviceloadofanA36W27x84beam P 2.5P 2P
if lateral supports are located at point of loading and at supports.
Neglectweightofbeam.
3m 5m 10 m 6m
Properties ofW27x84;
6.54P
d = 678.43mm tw = 11.68mm 4.07P 2.75P
bf = 253.90mm tf = 16.26mm
Sx = 3490x103 mm3 rt = 63.25mm
13.44P 11.52P

➢ considerthe10.0–mspan,

703270Cb 703270 2.24

= = 79.70
Fy 248

3516330Cb 3516330 2.24

= = 178.21
Fy 248

703270Cb L 3516330Cb
since, < < ,
Fy rt Fy
EX.DeterminethevalueofserviceloadofanA36W27x84beam P 2.5P 2P
if lateral supports are located at point of loading and at supports.
Neglectweightofbeam.
3m 5m 10 m 6m
Properties ofW27x84;
6.54P
d = 678.43mm tw = 11.68mm 4.07P 2.75P
bf = 253.90mm tf = 16.26mm
Sx = 3490x103 mm3 rt = 63.25mm
13.44P 11.52P

➢ considerthe10.0–mspan,

2 (248)(158.10)2
Fb = 3 − (10.55x106)(2.24) (248) = 100.28MPa

(82740)(2.24)
Fb = = 225.57MPa
(5000)(678.43)
253.90 16.26

 adapt, Fb = 148.80MPa

(148.80)(3490x103)
6.54P = ; P = 79.41kN
1x106
EX.DeterminethevalueofserviceloadofanA36W27x84beam P 2.5P 2P
if lateral supports are located at point of loading and at supports.
Neglectweightofbeam.
3m 5m 10 m 6m
Properties ofW27x84;
6.54P
d = 678.43mm tw = 11.68mm 4.07P 2.75P
bf = 253.90mm tf = 16.26mm
Sx = 3490x103 mm3 rt = 63.25mm
13.44P 11.52P

➢ considerthe6.0–mspan,

since, Lu > Lc,  Fb mustbereduced

L 6000
= = 94.86
rt 63.25
M1 2.75P
= – 11.52P = –0.239
M2

Cb = 1.75– 1.05(0.239)+0.30(–0.239)2 = 1.52

since, Cb < 2.30,  adapt, Cb = 1.52

EX.DeterminethevalueofserviceloadofanA36W27x84beam P 2.5P 2P
if lateral supports are located at point of loading and at supports.
Neglectweightofbeam.
3m 5m 10 m 6m
Properties ofW27x84;
6.54P
d = 678.43mm tw = 11.68mm 4.07P 2.75P
bf = 253.90mm tf = 16.26mm
Sx = 3490x103 mm3 rt = 63.25mm
13.44P 11.52P

➢ considerthe6.0–mspan,

703270Cb 703270 1.52

= = 65.65
Fy 248

3516330Cb 3516330 1.52

= = 146.80
Fy 248

703270Cb L 3516330Cb
since, < < ,
Fy rt Fy
EX.DeterminethevalueofserviceloadofanA36W27x84beam P 2.5P 2P
if lateral supports are located at point of loading and at supports.
Neglectweightofbeam.
3m 5m 10 m 6m
Properties ofW27x84;
6.54P
d = 678.43mm tw = 11.68mm 4.07P 2.75P
bf = 253.90mm tf = 16.26mm
Sx = 3490x103 mm3 rt = 63.25mm
13.44P 11.52P

➢ considerthe6.0–mspan,

2 (248)(94.862)2
Fb = 3 − (10.55x106)(1.52) (248) = 130.82MPa

(82740)(1.52)
Fb = = 127.55MPa
(6000)(678.43)
253.90 16.26

 adapt, Fb = 135.30MPa

(130.82)(3490x103)
11.52P = ; P = 39.63kN
1x106
 designload, P = 39.63kN
EX.Asimplysupportedbeamis8.0mlongandissubjectedtoa 200 kN
loadof200kNactingasshown.Thebeamislaterallysupported 400
only at supports. Design a most economical W section if using
A36steel.
8.0 m

PL (200)(8)
M = = = 400.0kN–m
4 4
assume, Fb = 0.60Fy
Mmax 400x106
Sx(reqd) = = = 2.7x106 mm3
Fb 0.6 248

Properties ofW21x101;

W = 1.47kN/m d = 542.54mm tw = 12.70mm

bf = 312.17mm tf = 20.32mm rt = 83.06mm
Sx = 3720x103 mm3
bf 312.17
= = 7.68
2tf 2 20.32

170 170
= = 10.80
Fy 248
EX.Asimplysupportedbeamis8.0mlongandissubjectedtoa 200 kN
loadof200kNactingasshown.Thebeamislaterallysupported 400
only at supports. Design a most economical W section if using
A36steel.
8.0 m

Properties ofW21x101;

W = 1.47kN/m d = 542.54mm tw = 12.70mm

bf = 312.17mm tf = 20.32mm rt = 83.06mm
Sx = 3720x103 mm3

since,therearenoaxialforces,  fa = 0
d 542.54
= = 42.72
tw 12.70
1680 1680
= = 106.68
Fy 248

bf 170 d 1680
since, 2tf < and tw < ,
Fy Fy

 sectioniscompact
EX.Asimplysupportedbeamis8.0mlongandissubjectedtoa 200 kN
loadof200kNactingasshown.Thebeamislaterallysupported 400
only at supports. Design a most economical W section if using
A36steel.
8.0 m

Properties ofW21x101;

W = 1.47kN/m d = 542.54mm tw = 12.70mm

bf = 312.17mm tf = 20.32mm rt = 83.06mm
Sx = 3720x103 mm3

200bf 200 312.17

L1 = = = 3.97m
Fy 248 (1000)

137900 137900
L2 = = = 6.50m
d F 542.54 248 1000
Af y 312.17 20.32

 adapt, Lc = 3.97m
since, Lu > Lc,  Fb mustbereduced
L 8000
= = 96.32
rt 83.06
EX.Asimplysupportedbeamis8.0mlongandissubjectedtoa 200 kN
loadof200kNactingasshown.Thebeamislaterallysupported 400
only at supports. Design a most economical W section if using
A36steel.
8.0 m

Properties ofW21x101;

W = 1.47kN/m d = 542.54mm tw = 12.70mm

bf = 312.17mm tf = 20.32mm rt = 83.06mm
Sx = 3720x103 mm3

since, Mmax exceedsbothendmoments,  Cb = 1.0

703270Cb 703270 1.0

= = 53.25
Fy 248

3516330Cb 3516330 1.0

= = 119.08
Fy 248

703270Cb L 3516330Cb
since, Fy < rt < Fy ,
EX.Asimplysupportedbeamis8.0mlongandissubjectedtoa 200 kN
loadof200kNactingasshown.Thebeamislaterallysupported 400
only at supports. Design a most economical W section if using
A36steel.
8.0 m

Properties ofW21x101;

W = 1.47kN/m d = 542.54mm tw = 12.70mm

bf = 312.17mm tf = 20.32mm rt = 83.06mm
Sx = 3720x103 mm3

2
Fy rL
2 t
Fb = 3 10.55x106C Fy
−
b
2 (248)(96.316)2
= 3 − (10.55x106)(1.0) (248) = 111.25MPa

82740Cb (82740)(1.0)
Fb = = = 120.92MPa
Ld (8000)(542.54)
Af 312.17 20.32

 adapt, Fb = 120.92MPa
EX.Asimplysupportedbeamis8.0mlongandissubjectedtoa 200 kN
loadof200kNactingasshown.Thebeamislaterallysupported 400
only at supports. Design a most economical W section if using
A36steel.
8.0 m

Properties ofW21x101;

W = 1.47kN/m d = 542.54mm tw = 12.70mm

bf = 312.17mm tf = 20.32mm rt = 83.06mm
Sx = 3720x103 mm3

(1.47)(8)2
M = 400+ = 411.76kN-m
8
M 411.76x106
fb = = = 110.69MPa
Sx 3720x103
since, fb < Fb,  sectionisadequate

 adapt, W21x101
EX. The figure shows HP beams and girders used
to support a 100-mm reinforced concrete floor for
14.70 kN/m
a building. The floor is supports a live load of 2.50

8m
kPa.DesignthebeamsandgirdersusingA36steel.
8.0 m

3m 3m 3m
➢ @forbeams,

t = [0.10(24)+2.50](3) = 14.70kN/m

L2 (14.70)(8)2
M = = = 117.60kN-m
8 8
assume, Fb = 0.60Fy
Mmax 117.60x106
Sx(reqd) = = = 790323.0 mm3
Fb 0.6 248

try, HP10x57;
W = 0.84kN/m d = 253.75mm tw = 13.59mm
bf = 259.72mm tf = 14.35mm rt = 69.60mm
Sx = 964x103 mm3
EX. The figure shows HP beams and girders used
to support a 100-mm reinforced concrete floor for
14.70 kN/m
a building. The floor is supports a live load of 2.50

8m
kPa.DesignthebeamsandgirdersusingA36steel.
8.0 m
try, HP10x57;

W = 0.84kN/m d = 253.75mm 3m 3m 3m
tw = 13.59mm bf = 259.72mm
tf = 14.35mm rt = 69.60mm
Sx = 964x103 mm3

➢ @forbeams,
bf 259.72
= = 9.05
2tf 2 14.35

170 170
= = 10.80
Fy 248
EX. The figure shows HP beams and girders used
to support a 100-mm reinforced concrete floor for
14.70 kN/m
a building. The floor is supports a live load of 2.50

8m
kPa.DesignthebeamsandgirdersusingA36steel.
8.0 m
try, HP10x57;

W = 0.84kN/m d = 253.75mm 3m 3m 3m
tw = 13.59mm bf = 259.72mm
tf = 14.35mm rt = 69.60mm
Sx = 964x103 mm3

➢ @forbeams,
since,therearenoaxialforces,  fa = 0
d 23.375
= = 18.67
tw 13.59
1680 1680
= = 106.68
Fy 248

 sectioniscompact
EX. The figure shows HP beams and girders used
to support a 100-mm reinforced concrete floor for
14.70 kN/m
a building. The floor is supports a live load of 2.50

8m
kPa.DesignthebeamsandgirdersusingA36steel.
8.0 m
try, HP10x57;

W = 0.84kN/m d = 253.75mm 3m 3m 3m
tw = 13.59mm bf = 259.72mm
tf = 14.35mm rt = 69.60mm
Sx = 964x103 mm3

➢ @forbeams,
sincethebeamisfullylaterallysupported,

Fb = 0.66Fy = 0.66(248) = 163.68MPa

(0.84)(8)2
M = 117.60+ = 124.32kN–m
8
Mmax 124.32x106
fb = = = 128.96MPa
Sx 964x103
since, fb < Fb,  sectionisadequate
EX. The figure shows HP beams and girders used
to support a 100-mm reinforced concrete floor for 62.16 kN 62.16 kN
a building. The floor is supports a live load of 2.50

8m
kPa.DesignthebeamsandgirdersusingA36steel.
try, HP10x57; 3m 3m 3m

W = 0.84kN/m d = 253.75mm 3m 3m 3m
tw = 13.59mm bf = 259.72mm
tf = 14.35mm rt = 69.60mm
Sx = 964x103 mm3

➢ @forgirders,
M = Pa = (62.16)(3) = 186.48kN–m
Mmax 186.48x106
Sx(reqd) = = = 1.25x106 mm3
Fb 0.6 248

bf 312.29
= = 8.97
2tf 2 17.40

d 311.91
tw = 17.40 = 17.93

 sectioniscompact
EX. The figure shows HP beams and girders used
to support a 100-mm reinforced concrete floor for 62.16 kN 62.16 kN
a building. The floor is supports a live load of 2.50

8m
kPa.DesignthebeamsandgirdersusingA36steel.
try, HP10x57; 3m 3m 3m

W = 0.84kN/m d = 253.75mm 3m 3m 3m
tw = 13.59mm bf = 259.72mm
tf = 14.35mm rt = 69.60mm
Sx = 964x103 mm3

➢ @forgirders,
200bf 200 312.29
L1 = = = 3.97m
Fy 248 (1000)

137900 137900
L2 = = = 9.69m
d F 311.91 248 1000
Af y 312.29 17.40

 adapt, Lb = 3.97m
EX. The figure shows HP beams and girders used
to support a 100-mm reinforced concrete floor for 62.16 kN 62.16 kN
a building. The floor is supports a live load of 2.50

8m
kPa.DesignthebeamsandgirdersusingA36steel.
try, HP10x57; 3m 3m 3m

W = 0.84kN/m d = 253.75mm 3m 3m 3m
tw = 13.59mm bf = 259.72mm
tf = 14.35mm rt = 69.60mm
Sx = 964x103 mm3

➢ @forgirders,
since, Lu < Lc,  beamisfullylaterally supported

Fb = 0.66Fy = 0.66(248) = 163.68MPa

(1.23)(9)2
M = 186.48+ = 198.93kN–m
8
M 198.934x106
fb = = = 114.53MPa
Sx 1737x103
since, fb < Fb,  sectionisadequate
THANK
YOU!