Ulep, Judycarla Maria V.

STS 0002-41
BS Biology 2-3 December 19, 2020
Assessment/Evaluation 7

1. Name at least 5 human work including the job description that is no longer existed today because of
the continuous rising of technology.

a. RAILWAY STATION TICKET SELLER

• Railway stations all around the country now have machines where passengers can purchase
and collect tickets, and lots of remote stations are unmanned unless the ticket inspectors
are making a random check. It is only a matter of time before all types of tickets can be
ordered online and picked-up from self-operating machines at the station. Confused tourists
attempting to understand the rules of an off-peak time advanced supersaver fare will be the
only ones looking for an open ticket window.

b. ELEVATOR OPERATOR

• In the modern day, the passenger-operated elevators that we have are much easier
to operate than compared to their previous hand-operated elevators that requires to
have an operator that is well trained. Before, older elevators had a lever, instead of
buttons, that would control their speed, and the operator and users would need to
be able to reach on the correct floor. Even though elevator operators still exists
around today, their job is focusing more on the assistance and security of those
riding the elevator, and not on the operation itself.
c. FACTORY WORKER

• Because of technological intervention, the number of factory workers in manufacturing has

fallen sharply, thus letting machines to take on the repetitive and heavy labour. Somewhere
in China, one factory there has already replaced ninety percent of their human workers And
employees with robots. This decision of thatc ertain company has resulted in increase in
production and fewer defects. Robots now carry out most of the tasks on their own. This
means that only a few human staff employees are told to take a look on them and carry out
maintenance of the machines. Elon Musk found out that when he changed many of Tesla's
workforce with robots and machines, they had to bring the human workers back when the
robots couldn't keep up with demand.

d. RADIO ACTORS

• During the time between 1920s and 1950s, radio drama was a popular and leading
form of entertainment. Because everything was in audio format, this forced listeners
 to stick on dialogue, music, and sound effects, to envision and imagine the story
being broadcasted through the audio. But due to the rise of the technology of
television, this brought an end to radio drama and the careers of radio actors, at
least in America. In some parts of the world, they still remain popular though, and
the popularity of podcasts has increased new interest in audio dramas.

e. FILM PROJECTIONIST

• A film projectionist was essential to execute and run 35mm celluloid rolls mechanical
projectors when cinemas began. It was a physical task that required an experienced
operator to load the film reels and change them to keep the film running smoothly. In the
modern day, since we have turned to digital projectors that are professional and so simple,
anyone working in a cinema can load movies for audiences to watch. As a result of this,
the role of film projectionists has been diminished to near extinction, although some
cinemas that are arthouse still have these to show prints of classic films.
2. Another issue in robotics is the weaponization. What are the main arguments for and against the use
of AI – equipped robots as weapons? Do you think that the benefit risk analysis can rationalize the use
of robot weapons? Why or why not?

The development of fully autonomous weapons, also referred to as “killer robots,” and the
proposal to ban them have caused unending debate at the national and international levels. Experts
including scientists, lawyers, human rights advocated, ethicists, military specialists and others have
discussed about the desirability and legality of the weapons at conferences around the world, in official
diplomatic meetings, on the Internet, and at formal academic journals.

Some of the arguments for and against the use of AI-equipped robots as weapons as discussed
by the Human Rights Watch (2014) are mentioned in the table below:

Argument Counter argument

Given the chance of technological fix, To prevent serious humanitarian harm before everything
a ban of fully autonomous weapons is is too late, these problematic weapons should be banned.
too early or premature.
The humanitarian and military All the possible benefits of fully autonomous weapons
benefits of fully autonomous weapons would be outweighed by the potential dangers posed by
would be compensated by a ban on it. From a moral standpoint, it would be very problematic
such technology. to let the machines decide life-and-death decisions.
Regulatory approach can address A mandatory prohibition on fully autonomous weapons
different concerns regarding fully would diminish the probability of misuse of the weapons,
autonomous weapons instead of a be effortless to enforce, and further encourage the agenda
ban. associated with violations.
Since international prohibition is A ban is a viable option for addressing this issue about
nearly impossible and unrealistic, fully autonomous weapons due to the growing support
attempts to ban fully autonomous for this, and also due to rising international discussion
weapons should be disregarded. regarding the said issue.
Prohibition on the progress of fully A ban would not interfere with such advances in
autonomous weapons will interfere autonomous technology because it would not cover non-
with the development of other weaponized, or semi- autonomous weapon technologies.
essential autonomous technology.
Maintained developments in artificial Most probably, fully autonomous weapons would never
intelligence (AI) might make it be suited enought of reliably adhereing with the
achievable for fully autonomous principles of proportionality and distinction.”
weapons to adhere with the principles
of proportionality and distinction, at
least in some situations.

Fully autonomous weapons spark up a number of humanitarian concerns that outweigh

cumulatively any potential benefits. They’d face obstacles with regards to complying with international
humanitarian law, undermine non-legal checks on killing, produce an accountability gap, have the
potential to begin an arms race, and present the ethical problem of crucial life-and-death decisions to
the machines. To be able to deal with these concerns, the governments must adopt new international
law to supplement existing international humanitarian law. Specifically, they should agree to a
preemptive ban, instead of regulation. Prohibition on production, development, and utilization of fully
autonomous weapon would be the most effective approach to put an end to the humanitarian threats
posed by these machines. In my opinion, I think that the benefit risk analysis would not be able to
rationalize the use of robot weapons since it really doesn’t guarantee that everything will be executed
smoothly and without mistakes.