Collection of data and

sampling
Summarized chapter 4
 Source of data

• The data must be accurate and appropriate to be reliable one.

1. Secondary data (external & internal)

2. Primary data (survey & experiment)
 1) Secondary data

• Is the data that have being collected by some one else for some purpose but
and other person utilized it for another purpose.
 Advantages

• Cost
• Time
• Understanding
• Comparative
 Dis-advantages

• Accurate problems
• Problem fit
 2) Primary data

• Is the data that is collected by the investigator for specific purpose.

 Advantages

• Discovering
• Accurate
• Controlling quality of data
 Dis-advantages

• Time
• Cost
• More manpower is needed
 Characteristics of primary data

• Demographic / socio-economic characteristics:

✓Gender
✓ Age
✓Education
✓Income
• Physiological / life-style characteristics:

✓Personal trait
✓Value
✓interest
 Differences between primary and secondary data

primary secondary

1. Frist time originated. 1. Existing data

2. Real time data. 2. Past data

3. Involved processes. 3. Rapid and easy available

4. source: survey, experiment, interview, 4. source: website, book, journal, and government
questioner, and etc. publications.
5. Requires time, cost, and manpower. 5. Quickly available

6. Researcher controls the quality of data. 6. Researcher is not controlling the quality of data

7. Based on researcher needs. 7. Not based on researcher needs.

 Methods of data collection

• Direct observation : data which is gathered by selecting sample the asking

them the variables we observe.

• Experiment : data which is gathered by action taken to give result.

• Survey : data which is gathered by soliciting from people concerning
income, family size, opinion and various issues. in order to give detailed
data.

✓Personal interview
✓Telephone interview
✓Self- administrated questioner
 Sampling

• Statistical interference: is the process of interfacing of information about

population from sample

• Statistical interference permits us to conclude population information based

on sample
 Why sampling ?

• Time : because population is quite large, and conducting the census of

population takes time .

• Cost : lower budget is needed.

• Impossibility of conducting census : its not possible to identify and access
each member in the population so that’s why sampling is necessary.
 Types of sampling

• Probability sampling : based on random selection

• Non probability sampling : not based on random

 Probability of sampling

1. Simple random Sampling : all members are equal to be chosen

2. Systematic sampling : random but selection is specialized

3. Stratified sampling : division selection and categorized into sub units

called strata , then each strata is chosen only one sample.
 Strata categorization

✓Age : 10 years - 15 years old.

✓Gender : male and female.

✓Occupation : provisional , entrepreneur , employee and black color.

 Sampling error and non sampling error

• Sampling error : occurs because of chance , so to prevent this erroe we

must take large number of sample.

• Non sampling error : occurs because of human mistakes including

recording, collection, and tabulation of data.
 Group D

1. Cabdiraxmaan maxamed muuse 2124999

2. Maxamed cabdi muxumed 2126178
3. Camaar nuur ibraahim 2124933
4. Hodan maxamed cabdi 2124927
5. Shayma maxamed maxamuud 2124910
6. Asli maxamuud xirsi 2124944