A+ SOCIAL SCIENCE STD - VIII

UNIT: 9
aK[ apXÂ Xmt\izcw hsc

1. N{µKp]vXaucysâ cmPsIm«mc¯n I­ ImgvNIsf¡pdn¨v Xsâ {KÙamb 'C³UnI' bnÂ

hnhcWw \ÂInb hyàn Bcv?
 saKkvX\okv
2. aucy`cWs¯¡pdn¨v Fs´Ãmw hnhc§fmWv hnhcW¯n (Page No.145) \n¶pw
a\Ênem¡m³ km[n¨Xv?
 cmPmhn\v iàamb kwc£Ww e`n¨ncp¶p
 cmPmhn\v i{Xp¡Ä D­mbncp¶p
 cmPmhnsâ Poh\v `ojWn D­mbncp¶p
 kz´w AwKc£Isc Xs¶ kwibambncp¶p
3. cmPmhnsâ D¯chmZnXzs¯ kw_Ôn¨v Fs´Ãmw hnhc§fmWv IuSneysâ IrXnbmb
'AÀYimkv !{X' ¯n \n¶p e`n¡p¶Xv?
 cmPmhv {]PIÄ¡v amXrIbmbncn¡Ww.
 cmPmhv IÀ¯hy§Ä \nÀÆln¡m³ P\§sf t{]cn¸n¡Ww
 hnZysIm­v hn\bw t\SWw.
 k¼¯v t\Sn temIcpsS {]oXn k¼mZn¡Ww.
 AekX, AkXyw ]dbÂ, ,A[Àaw Dfhm¡p¶ CS]mSv F¶nh hÀPn¡Ww.
4. cm{ã¯n\v A\nhmcyamb Ggp LSI§sf¡pdn¨v IuSney³ AÀ°imkv{X¯n ]dbp¶p­v .
k]vXmwK§Ä F¶dnbs¸Sp¶ Ggp LSI§Ä GsXÃmw?

5. k]vXmwK§Ä F¶ Bibw N{µKp]vXaucysâ `cW¯n F{Xam{Xw {]Xn^en¨ncp¶p?

 k]vXmwK§sf ASnØm\am¡nbpÅ Hcp `cWhyhØ
 ]mSeo]p{Xambncp¶p (C¶s¯ ]mäv\) BØm\w.
 iàamb Hcp ssk\yw.
 ]e cmPy§fpambpw kJyw Øm]n¨p.
 `cW¯n klmbn¡m³ a{´namcpw \nch[n DtZymKØcpap­mbncp¶p.
 NpäpapÅ {]tZi§Ä B{Ian¨p IogS¡n cmPyhnkvXrXn hÀ[n¸n¨p.
 `cWs¨ehn\mbn ]eXcw \nIpXnIÄ ]ncn¨p
6. aucycmPy¯n\v C´ybnse BZys¯ km{amPyw F¶ ]Zhn t\Sns¡mSp¯ LSI§Ä
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 A+ SOCIAL SCIENCE STD - VIII

Fs´ÃmamWv?
 cmPyw hfsc hnkvXrXambncp¶p.
 `cWw cmPmhn tI{µoIcn¨ncp¶p.
 cmPy¯pS\ofw GIoIrXamb `cWk{¼Zmbw \ne \n¶ncp¶p.
7. aucy km{amPy¯nse `cWm[nImcnIÄ - ^vtem NmÀ«v

8. AtimIsâ [½sb¡pdn¨v Ipdn¸v X¿mdm¡pI

 [½([Àaw)\S¸m¡m³ AtimI\v t{]cWbmbXv _p²aXamWv.
 FÃm aX§fnsebpw Bib§Ä CXn ImWm³ Ignbpw.
 cmPmhpw P\§fpw X½nepÅ _Ôw ]nXmhpw a¡fpw X½n epÅ _Ôw t]msebmWv
 in£IÄ eLqIcn¡pIbpw efnXPohnX¯n\v Blzm\w sN¿pIbpw sNbvXp.
9. [a \S¸nem¡nbXnsâ e£y§Ä Fs´Ãmambncp¶p?
 AtimIsâ Ime¯v aucykmamPyw hnimeambncp¶p
 hnimeamb cmPy¯v P\§Ä¡nSbn sFIyhpw kam[m\hpw kulmÀZhpw
\ne\nÀt¯­Xv A\nhmcyambncp¶p
 [½ {]Ncn¸n¡p¶Xn\mbn AtimI³ DtZymKØsc cmPy¯nsâ hnhn[ `mK §fnte¡pw
cmPy¯n\v ]pdt¯¡pw Ab¨p
 [½ {]Ncn¨ ]tZi§fn kmaqlnI kwLÀj§fpw hn`mKobNn´Ifpw CÃmXmbn
10. AtimIimk\§fpsS {]kànsb´v?
 AtimI³ Xsâ Bib§fpw Iev]\Ifpw P\§fnse¯n¡m\mbn cmPy¯nsâ hnhn[
`mK§fn imk\§Ä Øm]n¡pIbpw ]mdIfn sIm¯n shbv¡pIbpw sNbvXp.
 ]mXIfpsS hi§fnepw \Kc§Ä¡v kao]hpamWv Ch IqSpXepw Øm]n¨Xv.
 henb inemimk\§Ä, sNdnb inemimk\§Ä, kvXw`imk\§Ä F¶n§s\ Ahsb
Xncn¡mw.
 imk\§Ä A¡mes¯ Iemssh`h¯nsâ sXfnhpIÄ IqSnbmWv.
11. kvXq]§Ä - Ipdn¸v
 _p²sâ icoc`mK§tfm At±lw D]tbmKn¨ hkvXp¡tfm AS¡w sNbvX kvXq]§Ä
cmPy¯nsâ hnhn[ `mK§fn Øm]n¨p.
 kvXq]§Ä A¡mes¯ Iemta·bv¡pÅ DZmlcW§fmWv.
 CXn Gähpw {][m\w km©nbnse kvXq]amWv.
12. aucykm{amPy¯nse km¼¯nI{]hÀ¯\§sf `cWIqSw \nb{´n¨ncp¶sX§ns\?
 IogS¡nb {]tZi§fn N{IhÀ¯nbpsS \nb{´W¯n Irjn Bcw`n¨p.
 ImÀjnI ]ptcmKXn¡mbn N{IhÀ¯namÀ PetkN\kuIcy§sfmcp¡n.
 IrjnbpsSbpw {Kma§fpsSbpw hfÀ¨ I¨hS]ptcmKXn¡v ImcWambn.
 I¨hS¯nsâ ]ptcmKXn¡mbn \nch[n ]mXIÄ \nÀ½n¡pIbpw ]mXbv¡ncphihpw
hr£§Ä sh¨p ]nSn¸n¡pIbpw km[\§Ä Cd¡nhbv¡m³ A¯mWnIÄ \nÀ½n¡pIbpw
sNbvXp.
 sshimen, I]nehkv!Xp, ]mSeo]p{Xw XpS§nb \Kc§sf hnZqctZi§fpambn
_Ôn¸n¡p¶ ]mXIÄ \nÀ½n¨p. CXv aäp {]tZi§fpambn hym]mc_Ôw Øm]n¡m³
klmbIambn.
13. aucykm{amPy¯nse \mWbk{¼Zmb¯nsâ {]tXyIXIÄ Fs´Ãmw?

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 A+ SOCIAL SCIENCE STD - VIII

 I¨hS¯n\pw DtZymKØÀ¡v i¼fw \ÂIm\pw ap{ZnX\mWb§Ä (Punch marked coins)

D]tbmKn¨p.
 \mWb§Ä ASn¨nd¡m\pÅ A[nImcw `cWIqS¯n\mbncp¶p.
14. \nIpXnk{¼Zmb¯nsâ {]tXyIXIÄ Fs´Ãmw?
 DtZymKØÀ I¨hS¡mcnÂ\n¶v \nIpXn ]ncn¡pIbpw XfhpXq¡ k{¼Zmb¯nsâ
IrXyX Dd¸phcp¯pIbpw sNbvXp
 h³ssk\ys¯bpw DtZymKØhrµs¯bpw \ne\nÀ¯m³ `cWm[nImcnIÄ ]eXcw
\nIpXnIÄ ]ncn¨p.

15. IrjnbpsS hym]\w kmaqlnI AkaXz§Ä¡v ImcWambsX§s\?

 aucy`cWIme¯v Irjn IqSpXÂ hym]IambtXmsS Irjnsb ASnØm\am¡nbpÅ
ssIs¯mgnepIÄ cq]wsIm­p.
 CXv sXmgnens\ ASnØm\am¡nbpÅ hÀWk{¼Zmbw IqSpXÂ iàamIp¶Xn\v
CSbm¡n.
 kaql¯n A¶v Ggp hn`mK§Ä \ne\n¶ncp¶p.
 Zmk·mÀ F¶v hnfn¨ncp¶ ASnaIfpw
 Iq«pIpSpw_k{¼Zmbw A¶s¯ kaql¯nsâ {][m\ khntijXIfnsem¶mbncp¶p.
16. saKkvX\oknsâ A`n{]mb¯n kaql¯n \ne\n¶ncp¶ Ggp hn`mK§Ä GsXÃmw?
 1)IÀjIÀ 2)XXzNn´IÀ 3) ssk\nIÀ4) Imentabv¡p¶hcpw th«bmSp¶hcpw
5)ssIs¯mgnepImcpw I¨hS¡mcpw 6)\ymbm[n]·mÀ 7)cmPmhnsâ D]tZiIÀ
17. Ipjm·mcn {it²b\mb `cWm[nImcn Bcv? {][m\ `cW]cnjvImc§Ä Fs´Ãmw?
 I\njvI³
 iIhÀjw Bcw`n¨p. (kn.C 78) CXp ]n¶oSv C´ybpsS HutZymKnI Ie­dmbn
AwKoIcn¨p
 _p²aX¯nsâ hym]\¯n\v At±lw \nch[n kw`mh\IÄ \ÂIn.
 I\njvI³ almbm\_p²aXs¯ cmPys¯ HutZymKnI aXambn {]Jym]n¡pIbpw
AXn\v t{]mÕml\w \ÂIpIbpw sNbvXp.
 C´ybnse BZys¯ kzÀW\mWb§Ä ]pd¯nd¡nbXv Ipjm\·mcmbncp¶p.
 sshZyimkv{X¯n\v \nch[n kw`mh\IÄ \ÂInb NcI\pw ip{ipX\pw A¡me¯mWv
Pohn¨ncp¶Xv.
 KmÔmcinev]Ie cq]s¸«p
18. I\njvIsâ sIm«mc¯nep­mbncp¶ _p²aX]ÞnX·mÀ BscÃmw?
 AizntLmj³, hkpan{X³
19. KmÔmcinev]IebpsS {]tXyIXsb´v?
 {Ko¡pImcpsSbpw tdmam¡mcpsSbpw inev]hnZybpw C´ybn \ne\n¶ncp¶
inev]hnZybpw tNÀ¶v cq]s¸« Hcp ]pXnb ssienbmWv.
 C¶s¯ A^vKm\nØm\nse ImÞlmÀ (KmÔmcw) F¶ {]tZi¯mWv C¯cw
inev]§Ä [mcmfambn \nÀan¨ncp¶Xv.
20. aucyImeL«¯n\ptijw at[y´ybnepw Z£ntW´ybnepambn iàn{]m]n¨ `cWm[nImcnIÄ
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 A+ SOCIAL SCIENCE STD - VIII

BÀ? {][m\ `cW]cnjvImc§Ä Fs´Ãmw?

 iXhml\·mcmbncp¶p. _n.kn.C. H¶mw \qäm­nemWv AhÀ `cWw \S¯nbncp¶Xv.
 {]Xnj¯m\ (C¶s¯ almcm{ãbnse ss]Xm ) Bbncp¶p AhcpsSBØm\w.
 D¯tc´ybnÂ\n¶v I¨hS¡mcpw, ssP\- _p²- {_mÒWaX {]NmcIcpw
Z£ntW´ybnte¡p h¶p. CXv sX¡pw hS¡pw X½nepÅ kmwkvImcnIamb
hn\nab¯n\p ImcWambn.
 `cWm[nImcnIÄ _p²k¶ymknamÀ, {_mÒWÀ F¶nhÀ¡v `qan Zm\ambn \ÂIn.
21. iXhml\cmPy¯nsâ iànbpw hym]vXnbpw hÀ[n¸n¨ `cWm[nImcnIÄ BscÃmw?
 KuXan]p{XiXIÀWn, hknjvTn]p{X³
22. `qZm\§fpsS {][m\ e£yw F´mbncp¶p?
 Irjn`qanbpsS hym]vXn hÀ[n¸n¡pI
23. iXhml\ImeL«¯n hym]mc¯nsâ hfÀ¨bpsS ^eambp­mb amä§Ä Fs´Ãmw?

24. aucykm{amPy¯nsâ XIÀ¨bv¡ptijw ]mSeo]p{Xw BØm\am¡n KwKmkaXe¯nÂ

hfÀ¶ph¶ iàamb km{amPyw GXv?ià\mb BZy Kp]vX`cWm[nImcn Bcmbncp¶p?
 Kp]vXkm{amPyw.
 N{µKp]vX³ H¶ma³
25. Kp]vXhÀj¯n\p XpS¡w Ipdn¨ `cWm[nImcn?
 N{µKp]vX³ H¶ma³ (kn.C, 320-Â)
26. kap{ZKp]vXsâ B{IaWs¯¡pdn¨v hnhcw e`n¡p¶ {KÙw?
 lcntk\³ F¶ Ihn Xbmdm¡nb '{]ikvXn '

27. kap{ZKp]vX³ D¯tc´y³ cmPy§sf IogS¡pIbpw Z£ntW´y³ {]tZi§sf Xsâ

\nb{´W¯nem¡pIbpw sNbvXp. X¶n«pÅ `q]Sw ]cntim[n¨v ]«nI ]qÀ¯nbm¡pI.

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 A+ SOCIAL SCIENCE STD - VIII

28. hnhn[ taJeIfn {]ikvXcmbncp¶ '\hcXv\§Ä' Pohn¨ncp¶Xv BcpsSIme¯mWv?

\hcXv\§fn {][m\n Bcmbncp¶p?
 kap{ZKp]vX³
 ImfnZmk³
29. Kp]vXImeL«¯nse {`Zm\w iXhml\ImeL«¯n \n¶v F§s\bmWv
hyXymks¸«ncn¡p¶Xv?

30. Kp]vXImeL«¯n C´y kµÀin¨ ssN\okv k©mcn Bcmbncp¶p?

 ^mlnbm³

31. Kp]vXImeL«¯n hnhn[ taJeIfnep­mb amä§fÄ hnebncp¯pI

 I¨hS¯nsâ XIÀ¨sb XpSÀ¶v P\§Ä Irjnbnte¡p IqSpXembn IS¶ph¶p.
 \Kc§Ä¡v {]m[m\yw \ãs¸«p.
 A[nImcw `qhpSaIfn tI{µoIcn ¡s¸«p.
 cmPhmgvN ZpÀ_eambn
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 A+ SOCIAL SCIENCE STD - VIII

 kaql¯n \nch[n hnthN\§Ä \ne\n¶ncp¶p

 hÀWk{¼Zmbw IqSpXÂ iàambn
 kmlnXycwK¯pw imkv{XcwK¯pw]ptcmKXnbp­mbn.
 kwkv!IrX`mjbn \nch[n IrXn IÄ cNn¡s¸«p
32. Kp]vXImeL«¯nse `cWm[nImcnIÄ - ^vtem NmÀ«v

33. ImfnZmksâ {][m\ IrXnIÄ?

 A`nÚm\imIp´fw,hnItamÀhiobw,amfhnImKv\nan{Xw ,Ipamckw`hw
34. 'arNv!¨LSnImcw' BcpsS kw`mh\bmWv?
 iq{ZI³

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 A+ SOCIAL SCIENCE STD - VIII

35. ap{Zcm£kw,tZhoN{µKp]vXw F¶o IrXnIfpsS IÀ¯mhv?

 hnimJZ¯³
36. hcmlanlncsâ {][m\ IrXnIÄ?
 ]©kn²m´nI ,eLpPmXIw,_rlXvPmXIw
37. Bcy`Sobw BcpsS IrXnbmWv?
 Bcy`«
38. Aacknwlsâ `mjm\nL­p?
 AactImiw
39. Kp]vX·mÀ¡ptijw {]mNo\ C´ybn \ne\n¶ iàamb `cWm[nImcnIÄ Bcmbncp¶p?
Chcn {][m\n Bcmbncp¶p?
 hÀ[\cmPm¡·mÀ
 lÀjhÀ[\³
40. lÀjhÀ[\sâ kw`mh\IÄ Fs´Ãmw?
 _p²aX¯nsâ {]Nmc¯n\mbn At±lw \nch[n klmb§Ä \ÂIn.
 \fµ kÀhIemimebpsS D¶a\¯n\mbn ]e \S]SnIÄ ssIs¡m­p.
 At±lw cNn¨ \mSI§fmWv cXv\mhen, {]nbZÀinI, \mKm\µw F¶nh
41. hÀ[\cmPm¡·mcpsS ImeL«¯¡pdn¨v {][m\ambpw hnhc§Ä e`n¡p¶ t{kmXÊpIÄ
GsXÃmw?
 _mW `«³ cNn¨ 'lÀjNcnXw'
 ssN\okv k©mcnbmb lpbm³km§nsâ hnhcW§Ä

Prepared by:
PRIYA B
HST(SS)
CSHSS, THRISSUR

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