CHAPTER 15:

Rizal's Second Sojourn

in Paris and the
Universal Exposition of
1889
 RIZALAND PARIS
EXPOSITION OF 1889
The greatest attraction of this exposition
was the Eiffel Tower
International Art Competition in the
Exposition
1. FelixHidalgo=2ndprize
2. Juan Luna & Felix Pardo de Tavera = 3rd prize
3. Rizal’sbust = no prize
KIDLAT CLUB
Purely a social society of a temporary nature
It was founded by Rizal to bring together young
Filipinos in the French capital so that they
could enjoy their so journin the city during the
duration of the Universal Exposition.
It wil ldisappear like lightning
INDIOS BRAVOS
Rizal and the members of the Kidlat Club were
amazed to see the Buffalo Bull show which
featured the American Indians
These Red skinned Indians were proudly riding
their sturdy ponies,elegantly dressed in their
native attire and wearing their war feathers and
paints.
Rizal told his friends:
1. Let us be proud of the name Indio and make our
Spanish enemies revise their conception of the
term
2. We shall be Indios Bravos
3. The Indios Bravos (brave Indians) replaced the
ephemeral KidlatClub.
Members pledged to excelin intellectual and physical
prowess in order to win the admiration of the
foreigners, particularly the Spaniards.
They practiced with great enthusiasm the use of the
sword and the pistol.
Rizal taught them judo, an Asian art of self-defense that
he learned in Japan.
 R.D.L.M.SOCIETY
The letters R.D.L.M. are believed to be the initials of the society’s secret name
Redencionde los Malayos (Redemption of theMalays).
It was patterned after Freemasonry
The aim of the secret society, as stated by Rizal was the“propagation of alluseful
knowledge –scientific, artistic, literary, etc.–in the Phil.”
Rizal was inspired by a famous book entitled Max Havelaar written by Multatuli
1. This book exposed the miserable conditions of the oppressed Malay in habitants of
the Netherlands East Indies under Dutch Rules
LettertoBlumentritt:

1. Revealed his intentions to be a leader of freedom, if not in the Philippines,

then in Borneo.
2. If it is impossible for me to give freedom to my country, at least I should
like to give it to these noble compatriots in other lands.

ANNOTATED EDITION OF MORGAPUBLISHED

Blumentritt censured Rizal for two things which revealed Rizal’s errors, namely:
1. Rizal commits the error of many historians in appraising the events of the past in the light of present
standards
2. Rizal’s attack on the Church were unfair and unjustified because the abuses of the friars should not be
construed to mean the Catholicism is bad.
 Rizal dedicated his new edition of Morga to the Filipino people so that they would
know of their glorious past. His dedication is as follows:
1. Born and reared in ignorance of our past like almost all of you: without voice nor
authority to speak of what we have not seen nor studied I deemed it necessary to
invoke the testimony of an Illustrious Spaniard who controlled the destinies of the
Philippines atthe beginning of its new era and personally witnessed the last days of
our ancient nationality.

Rizal proved that the Filipinos we real ready civilized before the advent of Spain
1. They had clothes, government, laws, writing, literature, religion, arts, sciences, and
commerce with neighboring Asian nations.
2. Rizal blasted the historica lheresies of the Spanish writers who claimed that the early
Filipinos were savages and were of low mentality
 THE PHILIPPINES WITHIN A CENTURY
In this article, Rizal predicted with amazing accuracy the tragic end of Spain’s sovereignty in Asia.
Colonies established to subserve the policy and commerce of the sovereign country,all eventually
become independent
THEINDOLENCE OF THE FILIPINOS
It is an able defense of the alleged indolence of the Filipinos.
Rizal made a critical study of the causes why his people did not work hard during the Spanish regime.
His main thesis: Filipinos are not by nature indolent
The Spanish conquest of the country brought about a decline in economic activities because the Filipinos had abandoned
their pre-Spanish industries and worked less than their ancestors
Such decline in economic life was due to certain causes:
1. Native revolts and other internal disorders which followed the establishment of Spanish rule
2. The wars which the Filipinos fought for Spain’s enemies
3. The frightful raids on the coastal towns and village of Christian Philippines by the Muslim pirates of Mindanao and Sulu
4. The forced labor which compelled thousands of Filipino laborers to work in public works resulting in the abandonment of
their personal works
5. Lack of stimulus to work harder because the people could not enjoy thefruits of their labor
1. Government neglect and indifference to agriculture,industry,and commerce
2. The bad example shown by the Spaniards in despising manual labor
3. The teachingof Spanish missionaries that it is easier for a poor man to enter heaven than for
a rich man,hence the Filipinos prefer notto work and be poor so that they could easily enter
heaven after they die
4. Encouragement and propagation of gambling bythe Spanish authorities
5. System of Spanish education did not promote economic enterprise and activity

Filipinos are easy going and do not work so hard because they are wise enough to adjust
themselves to their warm, tropicalclimate.
1. They do not have to kill themselves working hard in order to live because nature gives them
abundant harvests by working less than those in temperate and arid countries.
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FILIPINOLOGISTS
The aimofthe association is to study the Philippines from the scientific and historical point
of view
Their inaugural convention did not materialize because the French government discouraged
the holding of conferences by private organizations during the period of the international
exposition.
 PROJECT FOR FILIPINO COLLEGE IN HONGKONG
This College aims to “train and educate men of good family and financial means in
accordance with the demands of modern times and circumstances”
A rich Filipino resident in Paris , Mr.Mariano Cunanan, from Mexico ,Pampanga
,promised to help him raise P40,000 as initial capital for the college.
This project of Rizal to establish a modern college in HongKong did not materialize.

PORTELEFONO
This satirical pamphlet under the authorship of “Dimas Alang” is a witty satire
which ridicules Fr. Font.
1. It describes in comical vein a telephone conversation between Fr.Font who was in
Madrid and the father provincial of theSan Agustin Conventin Manila
Rizal predicted much ahead of his times that people could carry on overseas
telephonic conversations-12 years after the publication of Rizal's "Por Telefono"