GNED 10: LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL

LESSON 1 – RIZAL LAW
Republic Act 1425
Sponsored by Claro M. Recto
 Imbibe the virtues and values of Rizal and other
reputable leaders of the country; and
 Acquire proper direction and become better
citizens.

Claro Mayo Recto – the author or main proponent of Patriotic goals:

the law.
 To showcase the relevance of Rizal’s ideals,
thoughts, teachings, and values to community life;
 To apply Rizal’s ideas to the solution of the day-
Major Provisions:
today problems encountered in contemporary life;
 It directs educational agencies such as the  To promote the understanding and appreciation of
Department of Education and the Commission on the qualities, conduct, and character of Rizal; and
Higher Education to include in the curricula of all  To foster the development of the moral character,
schools, colleges, and universities, public or private, personal discipline, citizenship skills, and vocational
the study of the life of our national hero, with the efficiency of the Filipino youth.
emphasis on the original or unexpurgated versions
of Rizal’s novels Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo.
 It obliges all the libraries of all schools, colleges, and
universities to maintain an adequate number of
copies of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo in
their collections, as well as other materials related
to the life of Rizal.
 It directs the Board of National Education to take
charge of the translation, reproduction, and
distribution of printed copies of Rizal’s novels to
interested parties through purok organizations and
barangay councils, free of charge.

Memorandum Order No. 247

 Directs the Secretary of Education, Culture, and

Sports and the Chairman of CHED to fully
implement RA 1425.
 Senator Jose P. Laurel (Sponsored the law) believed
that by reading and studying Rizal’s life, teachings,
and writings, the Filipino youth will be able to gain
incorruptibility, confidence, direction, courage, and
determination to move forward in their journey
towards an abundant life (Garcia, 2005)

Framers of Rizal Law hoped that the youth will be able

to (Romero et al., 2000):

 Gain inspiration and insight and involve themselves

in the community;
GNED 10: LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
Bukas, magiging mamamayan tayo ng Pilipinas, kung
saan ang kapalaran niya’y magiging maganda, sapagkat
nasa mapagkalinga siyang mga kamay.
-Jose Rizal
Isagani kay Paulita Gomez, El Filibusterismo, 1891
LESSON 2 – WHO MADE RIZAL OUR NATIONAL HERO?
The Outside World when Rizal was Born
 Europe (born from the Congress of Vienna in 1814)
was undergoing political upheaval.
 The seeds of democracy planted by Napoleon
Bonaparte was either taking root or had broken
though the sod of subjugation.
 Spain was loosing her colonies in the new world.
 Mexico became independent (1821)
 Galleon trade ended its voyage (1815)
 Chile, Colombia, and Peru where no longer a colony
of Spain
 Only had Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.
 American civil war (1861-65)
 Mutsohito inaugurated the Meiji Era (1867)
 8 years after he was born, Philippine ports was
opened to foreign trade.
 Travel for the well-to-do was by carriages on roads
and by launches in rivers and bays.
 Governor-General Jose Lemery E. Ibararola Ney y
Gonzales – Gov.gen. When Rizal was born
 Isabella II – reigning monarch of Spain when Rizal
was born
Social Classification:
 Peninsulares – Spaniards born in Spain
 Insulares – Spaniards born in the Philippines
 Mestizos – Spanish and Chinese
 Principalia – wealthy native families
 Indios – lowly natives
 Illustrados – new Philippine middles class
 Separate schools for boys and girls
 Colegio de San Ignacio (1621) first university
 University of Santo Tomas – oldest existing
university (founded in 1611 by Fr. Miguel de
Benavidez (College of Our Lady of the Rosary)
renamed into Colegio de Santo Tomas untill it
became a university in 1645.
The Advent of a Hero
Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y
AlonsoRealonda is a unique example of a many-
splendored genius who became the greatest hero of the
nation. Endowed by God with versatile gifts, he truly
ranked with the world’s geniuses.
What is a Hero?
 A hero (heroine in its feminine form) is a real person
or a main fictional character who, in the face of
danger, combats adversity through feats of
ingenuity, courage or strength.
 Someone who inspires us by their example.
Someone who moves us emotionally to connect
with them at some level in order for us develop a
connection with them.
 A person of distinguished valor or enterprise in
danger, or fortitude in suffering
 A person who is revered by the public after his or
her death because of his or her exceptional service
to mankind.
WHO MADE RIZAL OUR NATIONAL HERO?
 Emilio Aguinaldo- first proclamation was declaring
Dec. 30 as Rizal Day
 newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals
throughout the civilized world published accounts
of Rizal’s martyrdom to render homage to his
greatness.
 Made-to-order hero – some believe because Civil
Governor William Howard Taft made the decision to
make Rizal our national hero.
 Other candidates were: Marcelo H. Del Pilar,
Graciano Lopez-Jaena, General Antonio Luna, Emilio
Jacinto, and Andres Bonifacio
Why was he chosen by Gov. Taft?
 Towering figure in the propaganda movement.
GNED 10: LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL

 Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere influenced the Filipino

masses to a great extent.
 Without Rizal, there would have been no Bonifacio,
who founded the Katipunan.

WAS RIZAL A CONSCIOUS HERO??

 Very conscious about his looks.

 “My dreams have always guided my actions.”
 Planned his entire life down to the last detail.
 He could have lived beyond Dec. 30, 1896 if he had
simply stayed and remained in Hong Kong.
 Quiet, peaceful man who willfully and calmly
walked to his death for his convictions.
 Before his execution, his pulse rate was reputedly
normal.
 Left 2 sealed letters (1892) “to be opened and
published after my death.”

WHY IS RIZAL THE GREATEST FILIPINO WHO EVER

LIVED?

 The greatest man the Malayan race has produced;

 The man most honored after death by public
worship due to his exceptional service to the
Filipino people

FINAL ANALYSIS

 There is no single person or group of persons who

was responsible for proclaiming the greatest
Malayan the no. 1 hero of his people.
 Rizal himself, his own people, and all the foreigners
who knew him intimately all together contributed
to proclaiming him the greatest hero and martyr of
his people.
GNED 10: LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
LESSON 3 – RIZAL FAMILY HISTORY
Don Francisco Mercado
 April 18, 1818- 1898
 Biñan, Laguna
 Youngest of the 13 offsprings of Juan and Cirila
Mercado
 Took Philosophy and Latin (Classics) in San Jose
College, Manila
 Successful and educated farmer
 Built a stone house (Status symbol)
Doña Teodora Alonso
 Nov. 14, 1827- 1913
 2nd child of Lorenzo Alonso and Brigida de Quintos
 Studied at Colegio de Sta. Rosa
 Good mathematician and business manager
 Owned the largest library in Sta. Cruz, Laguna
 Rizal’s Parents. Jose Rizal was the seventh of the
eleven children of Francisco Mercado Rizal and
Teodora Alonso Realonda. God blessed the
marriage of the Rizal with eleven children – two
boys and nine girls.
 They are prosperous landowner, sugar and rice
planter, of Chinese-Filipino descent Francisco
Mercado y Chinco.
JOSE PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO Y ALONSO REALONDA
 JOSE - was chosen by his mother who was a devotee
of the Christian saint San Jose (St. Joseph).
 PROTACIO - taken from the almanac in
consideration of the day of his birth. From Gervacio
P. (Saint Gervasius and Saint PROTASIUS) of
Christian calendar.
 RIZAL – “Ricial” which means “greenfield ready for
harvest.” – Chosen from the Catalogo Alfabetico de
Apellidos under Claveria Decree of 1849.
 MERCADO – Merchant/ Market.– adopted in 1731
by Domingo Lamco (the paternal great-great
grandfather of Jose Rizal), who was a full-blooded
Chinese.
 Y – and
 ALONSO – Old surname of Doña Teodora
 REALONDA - it was used by Doña Teodora from the
surname of her godmother based on the culture by
that time
 PEPE - as a name for boys is of Hebrew origin, and
the meaning of the name Pepe is "Jehovah
increases". Pepe is an alternate spelling of Jose
(Spanish, Hebrew): version of Joseph.
 The Birth of a Hero. Jose Rizal was born on the
moonlight night of Wednesday, June 19, 1861, in
the lakeshore town of Calamba, Laguna Province,
Philippines. His mother almost died during the
delivery because of his big head.
 He was baptized in the Catholic church of his town
on June 22, aged three days old, by the parish priest
Fr. Rufino Collantes, who was a Batangueño.
Rizal’s physical attributes
 Large, slanting eyes
 Full lips
 Prominent cheekbones
 Nose that slightly widened downward
 Medium dark complexion
 Stood 1m 61 cm (5’3”)
Saturnina Rizal-Hidalgo (1850 – 1913)
 Neneng
 Oldest of the Rizal children
 Spouse: Manuel Hidalgo from Tanawan Batangas
 Had five children
 Published Pascual H. Poblete’s Tagalog translation
of the Noli Me Tangere
Paciano Rizal (1851 – 1930)
 Oldest boy in the family (lived to be 79 yrs. Old)
 Joined the revolutionary army and rose to the rank
of Major General
 Had two children, a boy and a girl, with Severina
Decena of Los Baños
 His daughter later married her 1st cousin, Antonio
Lopez (a son of Narcisa Rizal)
GNED 10: LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL

 Was also known as Concha

 Died at the age of three
Narcisa Rizal-Lopez (1852 – 1939)
 Her death was Rizal’s first sorrow in life
 Spouse: Antonio Lopez (a schoolmaster from
Morong)
 Also known as Doña Sisa Josefa Rizal (1845 – 1865)
 Could recite from memory all the poems of Jose
 Panggoy
Rizal
 was the ninth child in the family who was
unmarried.
 After Jose’s death, the epileptic Josefa joined the
Olimpia Rizal-Ubaldo (1855 – 1887)
Katipunan.
 Ypia
 Spouse: Silvestre Ubaldo (telegraph operator from
Manila) Trinidad Rizal (1851 – 1868)
 Albay, Bulacan and Manila
 Trinidad Rizal, or ‘Trining’, was the tenth child and
 Jose’s first love, Segunda Katigbak, was Olimpia’s
the custodian of Rizal’s last and greatest poem, "Mi
schoolmate at Colegio De La Concordia.
Ultimo Adios.“

Lucia Rizal-Herbosa (1857 – 1919)

 Spouse: Mariano Herbosa, a farmer from Calamba
 Mariano died of cholera in 1889 and was denied a
Christian burial
 Children: Delfina, Jose, Concepcion
Maria Rizal-Cruz (1859 – 1945)
 Biang
 Spouse: Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna.
 had 3 children: Maria Antonia Mercado Rizal and 2
other siblings.
 Maria passed away in 1945 at the age of 86.
 Grandmother of Gemma Cruz-Araneta (Miss
International)
Soledad Rizal-Quintero (1829 – 1970)
 Choleng
 Youngest of Jose Rizal's sisters, was educated as a
teacher. His letters scolded her for marrying without
the blessing of their parents.
 Spouse: Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba
 Studied at Colegio De La Concordia.
 Classmate of Leonor Rivera
 As a typical Filipino, Rizal was a product of the
mixture of races. In his veins flowed the blood of
both East and West – Negrito, Indonesian, Malay,
Chinese, Japanese and Spanish

Jose Rizal (1861 – 1896)

 Second son and the seventh child

 An ophthalmologist by profession, Rizal became a
writer and a key member of the Filipino Propaganda
Movement, which advocated political reforms for
the colony under Spain.
 First to use the surname “Rizal” in their family
 Married to Josephine Bracken and had a son.

Concepcion Rizal (1862– 1865)

GNED 10: LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
Childhood Years in Calamba
 At the age of three, he learned the alphabet and the
prayers from his mother.
 He was frail, sickly, and undersized child, he was
given the most tender care by his parents.
 Typical boy (very curious in all things)
 Devoted son of the church
The Parable of the Moth
 Rizal was still young at that time when he was being
taught how to read in Spanish by her mom, Doña
Teodora.
 But because he was still young and he did not know
how to do it, he read poorly. Moreover, he was not
fully paying attention seemingly wandering far
away.
 The reason his mom told the story to Jose was to
make him realize that it is important to listen, obey
and follow what is being told by the parents. They
were the ones who know what is right and what is
wrong. They know what is good and bad for us, so
we needed their guidance. After all, it is them who
know what is really best for us.
Childhood Years in Calamba (Cont..)
 He was called “Pepe/Pepito” (townspeople of
Calamba)
 At the age of five, Rizal began to make sketches
with his pencil and to mould in clay and wax objects
which attracted his fancy.
 Sa Aking Mga Kabata (To My Fellow Children).
Rizal’s first poem in native language at the age of
eight - reveals Rizal’s earliest nationalist sentiment.
Early Education in Calamba and Biñan
 Rizal had his early education in Calamba and Biñan.
It was a typical schooling that son of an ilustrado
family received during his time, characterized by the
four R’s – reading, writing, arithmetic and religion.
Instruction was rigid and strict. Knowledge was
forced into minds of the pupils by means of tedius
memory method aided by the teacher’s whip.
Private Tutors of Rizal.
1. Maestro Celestino- Rizal’s first private tutor
2. Maestro Lucas Padua- Rizal’s second tutor
3. Leon Monroy- a former classmate of Rizal’s father
became Rizal’s tutor that instructed Jose in Spanish
and Latin. He died five months later.
 Jose Goes to Biñan. On June 1869, Jose left Calamba
for Biñan. He was accompanied by Paciano, who
acted as his second father.
 First Day in Biñan School. The next morning
(Monday) Paciano brought his younger brother to
the school of Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz. The
school was in the house of the teacher, which was a
small nipa hut about 30 meters from the home of
Jose’s aunt.
 First School Brawl. In the afternoon of his first day in
school, when the teacher was having his siesta. Jose
met the bully, Pedro. He was angry at this bully for
making fun of him during his conversation with the
teacher in the morning.
 Jose challenged Pedro to a fight. The latter readily
accepted, thinking that he could easily beat the
Calamba boy who was smaller and younger.
 Jose having learned the art of wrestling from His
athletic Tio Manuel, defeated the bigger boy. For
this feat, he became popular among his classmates.
 Another boy named Andres Salandanan challenged
him to an arm-wrestling match. Unfortunately, Jose
lose the fight since he had a weaker arm. Since
then, Jose had other fights with boys of Biñan as he
prove himself to be a laudable opponent.
 ATENEO MUNICIPAL DE MANILA – obtained
Bachelor of Arts with an average of “sobresaliente”
 Rizal loved Calamba with all his heart and soul. In
1876, when he was 15 years old and was a student
of Ateneo de Manila, he remembered his beloved
town.
 Accordingly, he wrote a poem Un Recuerdo A Mi
Pueblo (In Memory of My Town)
Martyrdom of the 3 Catholic Priests
 Night of January 20, 1872 - about 200 Filipino
soldiers and workmen of the Cavite arsenal under
the leadership of Lamadrid, Filipino sergeant, rose
GNED 10: LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
in violent mutiny because of the abolition of their Sa Aking Mga Kabata
usual privileges.
 Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto
Zamora - were executed at sunrise of February 17, Kapagka ang baya’y sadyang umiibig
1872, by order of Governor General Izquierdo
Sa kanyang salitang kaloob ng langit,
 The martyrdom of GomBurZa in 1872 truly inspired
Rizal to fight the evils of Spanish tyranny and Sanlang kalayaan nasa ring masapit
redeem his oppressed people.
 Rizal dedicated his second novel, El Filibusterismo, Katulad ng ibong nasa himpapawid.
to GomBurZa

Pagka’t ang salita’y isang kahatulan

Injustice to Jose’s Mother Sa bayan, sa nayo’t mga kaharian,
 Before June, 1872 - Dona Teodora was suddenly At ang isang tao’y katulad, kabagay
arrested on a malicious charge that she and her
brother, Jose Alberto, tried to poison the latter’s Ng alin mang likha noong kalayaan.
perfidious wife.
 Antonio Vivencio del Rosario - Calamba’s
gobernadorcillo, help arrest Dona Teodora. Ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang salita
 After arresting Dona Teodora, the sadistic Spanish Mahigit sa hayop at malansang isda,
lieutenant forced her to walk from Calamba to
Santa Cruz (capital of Laguna province), a distance Kaya ang marapat pagyamaning kusa
of 50 kilometers.
Na tulad sa inang tunay na nagpala.
 Dona Teodora was incarcerated at the provincial
prison, where she languished for two years and a
half.
Ang wikang Tagalog tulad din sa Latin
 Messrs. Francisco de Marcaida and Manuel Marzan
- the most famous lawyers of Manila that defend Sa Ingles, Kastila at salitang anghel,
Dona Teodora.
Sapagka’t ang Poong maalam tumingin
 Gov. Gen. Rafael Izquierdo – freed her upon the
request of Soledad, whose graceful dancing Ang siyang naggawad, nagbigay sa atin.
charmed him and his guests.

Ang salita nati’y huwad din sa iba

Conclusion
Na may alfabeto at sariling letra,
 Jose Rizal, just like a typical Filipino boy, had many
beautiful memories of childhood. He have a happy Na kaya nawala’y dinatnan ng sigwa
home, filled with parental affection, impregnated Ang lunday sa lawa noong dakong una.
with family joys, and sanctified by prayers.
 The childhood of Jose Rizal can be characterized by
his desire to learn, even frequenting the church
nearby his home to watch and observe people but
not to be religiously inclined.
 Jose Rizal was not physically blessed or a strong
child, however, he had a strong will guided and
taught by his mother, his first teacher.
 He even experienced sorrow at the early age.
GNED 10: LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
In Memory of my Town in frolic I took part.

I prayed in your rustic temple,

When I remember the days a child, with a child’s devotion;

that saw my early childhood and your unsullied breeze

spent on the green shores exhilarated my heart.

of a murmurous lagoon;

when I remember the coolness, The Creator I saw in the grandeur

delicious and refreshing, of your age-old forests;

that on my face I felt upon your bosom, sorrows

as I heard Favonius croon; were ever unknown to me;

while at your azure skies

when I behold the white lily I gazed, neither love nor tenderness

swell to the wind’s impulsion, failed me, for in nature

and that tempestuous element lay my felicity.

meekly asleep on the sand;

when I inhale the dear Tender childhood, beautiful town,

intoxicating essence rich fountain of rejoicing

the flowers exude when dawn and of harmonious music

is smiling on the land; that drove away all pain:

return to this heart of mine,

sadly, sadly I recall return my gracious hours,

your visage, precious childhood, return as the birds return

which an affectionate mother when flowers spring again!

made beautiful and bright;

I recall a simple town, But O goodbye! May the Spirit

my comfort, joy and cradle, of Good, a loving gift-giver,

beside a balmy lake, keep watch eternally over

the seat of my delight. your peace, your joy, your sleep!

For you, my fervent pryers;

Ah, yes, my awkward foot for you, my constant desire

explored your sombre woodlands, to learn; and I pray heaven

and on the banks of your rivers your innocence to keep!