The youth in return, should have the
WHY STUDY RIZAL?
Two points:
1. Because it is mandated by law
- Mandated by Republic Act
1425 also known as the Rizal
Law
- Sen. Jose P. Laurel -
sponsored the Law
- “It is only right that the youth
as well as all the people in the
country know about and learn
to imbibe the great ideals for
which he died.”
2. Because of the lesson contained within
the course.
- Recognize the importance of
Rizal’s ideal and teaching in
relation to present conditions
- Encourage the application of
such ideals in current social
and personal problems and
issues
- Develop an appreciation and
deeper understanding of all
that Rizal fought and died for
- Foster the development of the
Filipino youth in the aspects
of citizenship
Republic Act 1425 (Rizal Law)
Cemented in history as potent symbol of the
nation, Rizal’s heroism was sponsored by the
nation through Republic Act 1425 (Rizal Law)
of June 12, 1956, with the younger
generations, the “Millenials”, receiving much
importance.
Role of the “Millenials”
In studying history, it is necessary to find: The
MEANING (significance), FUNCTION
(application), OBJECT (facts, details etc)
The Rizal Law is the Object while all
provisions explain its MEANING.
The policy-makers made sure that the words of
Rizal will be materialized through
state-sponsored education of his life, works
and writings.
responsibility not just to accept trivial
information on Jose Rizal’s legacies, but more
importantly to suffuse (spread through/spread
over) them down to their very core. Therefore,
The “Millennials” are active participants in the
process of nation-building.
The Birth of the Rizal Law
On April 3, 1596, Senate Bill No. 438 (An act
to make Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo compulsory reading matter in
all public and private colleges and universities
and other purposes) was submitted to the
Senate Committee on Education. Senator Jose
P. Laurel, the chairman of the Committee,
sponsored and presented the bill to the
members of the Upper House on April 17,
1956.
The main purpose of the bill according to
Senator Jose Laurel was to disseminate the
ideas and ideals of Jose Rizal through the
reading of his works, notably his novels Noli
Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo must
be read by all Filipinos. They must be taken to
heart, for their pages we see ourselves as in a
mirror, our defects as well as our strength, our
virtues as well as our voices. Only then would
we become conscious as a people, and so learn
to prepare ourselves for painful sacrifices that
ultimately lead to self-reliance, self-respect
and freedom.
Arguments follows:
1.The bill was an attempt to discredit the
Catholic religion.
2. Inimical (harmful) to the tenets(beliefs) of
the faith to which 170 lines in Noli Me
Tangere and 50 lines in El Filibusterismo were
offensive to the Catholic doctrine
3. The bill might divide the nation.
4. Compulsion (force) to read something
against one's faith impaired freedom of speech
and religious freedom.
Senator Francisco "Soc' Rodrigo stood up and
delivered his speech:
A vast majority of our people are at the same
time catholic and Filipino citizens. As such,
they have two great loves, their country and
their faith. These two loves are no conflicting
loved. They are harmonious affections, like the
love of a child for his father and for his
mother. This is the basis of my stand. Let us
not create a conflict between nationalism and
religion; the government and the church.
Senator Claro M. Recto, exclaimed that the
novels have no intentions of discrediting the
Church.
He said: Rizal did not pretend to teach religion
or theology when he wrote those books. He
aimed at inculcating civic consciousness in the
Filipinos, national dignity, personal pride and
patriotism...but while he criticized and
ridiculed the unworthy behavior of certain
ministers of the church, he made exceptions in
favor of the worthy ones, like the Dominican
friar, Padre Fernandez, and the virtuous native
priest, Padre Florentino, and the Jesuits in
general
It was in this context that Senator Laurel
proposed a substitute bill. The inclusion of all
works and writings of Jose Rizal, not just the
two novels, was the main feature of this bill.
On May 12, 1956, Senate Bill No. 438 was
unanimously approved on second reading. The
Lower House imitated the Senate and on May
14, 1956, the bill was approved unanimously
in the House of Representatives.
The trial of the Rizal Law in Congress is
clearly a triumph of democracy.
On June 12, 1956, President Ramon
Magsaysay signed the bill to make it a law,
thus giving birth to Republic Act 1425 also
known as the Rizal Law.
Biography of Jose Rizal
Full Name: Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y
Alonso Realonda
Birthdate: June 19, 1861, Wednesday, 11 PM
Birthplace: Calamba, Laguna
Baptism: June 22, 1861
Baptized by: Fr. Rufino Collantes
Godfather: Fr. Pedro Casanas
Jose from Christian Saint Joseph
Fr. Collantes: “Take good care of this
child, for someday he will become a great
man”
Rizal’s Parents
· Father
“a model of fathers”- Jose Rizal
Name: Francisco Mercado Rizal (1818-1898)
Birthdate: May 11, 1818
Birthplace: Binan, Laguna
Studied Latin and Philosophy in Colegio de
San Juan, Manila
Tenant-farmer of a Dominian owned hacienda
in Calamba
Died in Manila (January 5, 1898)
· Mother
“a woman of more than ordinary culture…” –
Jose Rizal
Name: Teodora Alonso Realonda
(1826-1911)
Birthdate: November 8, 1826
Birthplace: Manila
Educated at Colegio de Santa Rosa
Died in Manila (August 16, 1911)
Rizal’s Siblings
· Saturnina Rizal-Hidalgo (Neneng)
(1850-1913)
· Paciano Rizal (1851-1930)
· Olympia Rizal-Ubaldo (Ypia) (1855-1887)
· Narcisa Rizal-Lopez (Sisa) (1852-1939)
· Lucia Rizal-Herbosa (1857-1919)
· Maria Rizal-Cruz (Biang) (1859-1945)
· Concepcion Rizal (Concha) (1862-1896)
· Jose Rizal (pepe) (1861-1896)
· Josefa Rizal (Panggoy) (1865-1945)
· Trinidad Rizal (Trining) (1868-1951)
· Soledad Rizal-Quintero (Choleng)
(1870-192)
Calamba (El Pueblo)
· A hacienda town belonging to the
Dominican order, a picturesque nestling on
a verdant plain covered with irrigated
ricefields and sugarlands.
· South: Mt. Makiling to Batngas; East:
Laguna de Bay to Talim Island; North:
Antipolo
· 1876 (15 yrs old) Rizal wrote “Un
Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo” (In Memory of
My Town)
The Story of the Moth
- A story told by Jose’s mother
- The old and young moths who are by the
light.
- “All my attention was fixed on the face of
the inset. I watched it with my whole
soul…It had died a martyr to its illusions.”
- “See that you do not behave lie the young
moth. Don’t be disobedient, or you may
get burnt as it did.”
- “The light seemed to me more beautiful. It
had grown more dazzling and more
attractive. I knew why the moths circled
the flame.”
Boyhood Influences
Heredity Influence
- Malayan: love for freedom, desire to
travel, indomitable courage.
- Chinese: serious nature, frugality, patience,
love for children.
- Spanish: elegance of bearing, sensitivity to
insult, gallantry to ladies.
- Father: profound sense of self-respect,
love for work, independent thinking
- Mother: religious nature, spirit of
self-sacrifice, passion for arts and
literature
Environmental Influence
- Calamba, Rizal Family Garden –
stimulated inborn artistic and literary
talents.
- Religious atmosphere of his home-fortified
his religious nature
- Paciano - love for freedom and justice
- Sisters – courtesy and kindness to women
- Aya (Yaya) – interest in folklore and - Pedro the Bully
legends
- Learned Spanish, Latin, and painting
- Tio Jose Alberto – artistic ability (through Juancho)

- December 17, 1870 – Jose left Binan,

- Tio Manuel – physical wellness through
taking the steamer Talim
exercises, horse riding, walking and
wrestling Rizal’s Education and Journeys

- Tio Gregorio – reading of good books Rizal the Atenista (1872-1877)

- Padre Leoncio Lopez (parish priest) – love - Almost refused for admission
for scholarship and intellectual honesty
o Late registration
- Sorrows: death of Concha (1965),
o Sickly and undersized body
imprisonment of his mother (1871-1874) –
strengthened his spirit to resist the blows
- Manuel Xerex Burgos (neohew of Padre
of adversities
Burgos) helped in his admission
- Spanish abuses and cruelties – awakened
- Adopted the surname RIZAL
his spirit of patriotism
- Jesuit system of education: Internos
o brutal acts of the guardia
9Romans), Externos (Cathaginians)
civil
o Emperor, Tribune,
o unjust torture of innocent
Decurion, Centurion,
filipinos
Standard Bearer
o execution of GomBurZa
- Fr. Jose Bech – Jose’s firt professor
(1872)
- Became Emperor of the Carthaginians
Aid of Divine Providence
- Spanish classes in Colegio de Sta Isabel
- God endowed Rizal with the versatile gifts
of a genius, the vibrant spirit of a
- Read: The Count of Monte Cristo
nationalist, the valiant heart to sacrifice for
(Alexandre Dumas), Universal History
a noble cause.
(Cesar Cantu), Travels in the Philippines
(Dr. Feodor Jagor)
Education in Calamba
- 1875: Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez – A
- Dona Teodora – Rizal’s first teacher
professor Jose admired
(reading, writing, and praying)
- Became active in extracurricular activities,
- Maestro Celestino, Maestro Lucas Padua –
painting, sculpture, and poetry.
private tutors
● Virgin May on a piece of batikuling
- Leon Monroy – taught Rizal Spanish and
and image of the Sacred Heart
Latin
● Among poems are:
○ Mi Primera Inspiracion (My
Education in Binan
First Inspiration)
- June 1869 – Jose left Calamba for Binan ○ Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo (In
Memory of my Town)
- Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz ○ Alianza Intima Entre la
Religion y la Buena
 Educacion (Intimate Alliance
Between Religion and Good
Education)
● Other Poems:
○ Por La Educacion Recibe
Lustre la Patria (Through
education the country receives
light)
○ Un Dialogo Alusivo lala
Despedida de los Colegiales
(A farewell Dialogue of the
Students)
○ Al Nino Jesus (To the Virgin
Mary)
● Segunda Katigbak (first romance)
● o March 23, 1877 – Jose Received
Bachelor of Arts with highest honors
Rizal as a Tomasino (1877-1882)
- Pre-Law and Theology Courses
(1877-1878)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery
(1878-1882)
- Literary Laurels: A La Juventud Filipina
(To the Filipino Youth), El Consejo de los
Dioses (The Council of the Gods)
- Romances: Miss L, Leonor Valenzuela
(Orang), Leonor Rivera (Taimis)
- Reacted against Spanish brutality
- Became champion of Filipino students
● Companerismo (Compradeshjip)
- Left UST after four years of studying
medicine and decided to continue his
education in Spain
Rizal’s Sojourns
Spain (1882-1885)
- May 3, 1882 – aboard the steamer
Salvadora, Jose left Manila for Singapore
o SINGAPORE
o COLOMBO
(Djemnah-steamer)
o CEYLON (SRI LANKA)
o SUEZ CANAL – ADEN
o NAPLES AND
MARSEILLES
- June 16, 1882 – arrived in Barcelona,
Spain
- In Barcelona, Jose wrote Amor Patrio
(Love of Country published in Diariong
Tagalog (Manila) on August 20, 1882.
o LAONG LAAN
- November 3, 1882 – Jose moved to
Madrid to study at Universidad Central de
Madrid
o Medicine
o Philosophy and Letters
- Romance: Consuelo Ortiga y Perez
- Circulo Hispano-Filipino: Me Piden
Versos (They Ask Me for Verses)
- Visited Paris (June 17, to August 20, 1883)
- Correspondence with Spanish liberals and
republicans: Miguel Morayta, Francisco Pi
y Margal, Migue Becerra, Emilio Junoy,
Juan Ruiz Zorilla
- March 1883 – Jose joined the Masonry
● Acacia Lodge
● Lodge Solidaridad
● Master Mason (November 15, 1890)
● MH del Pilar, G Lopez Jaena, Mariano
Ponce
- June 25, 1884 – Rizal’s Salute to Luna
(Spoliarium) and Hidalgo (Christian
Virgins Exposed to Populace)
- June 21, 1884- conferred the degree of
Licentiate n Medicine (Universidad
Central de Madrid)
- 1884-1885- studied and passed all the
subjects for Doctor of Medicine, but was
not able to submit a thesis and paid
corresponding fees
Paris (1885-1886) book in Spanish
and Tagalog)
- Rizal at age 24
§ Manila: University
- Stopover: BARCELONA of Santo Tomas
Press, 1868
o Maximo Viola
- August 6, 1886 – 5th Centenary of the
o Senor Eusebio Coromias UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG
(editor, La Publicidad0
- LEIPZIG and DRESDEN
o Don Miguel Morayta
(owner, La Publicidad) o Prof. Friedrich Ratzel
(historican)
- November 1885 – February 1886: training
in ophthalmology o Dr. Hans Meyer (German
anthropologist)
- DR. LOUIS WECKERT
o Dr. Adolph Meyer (Director
- Friends: Pardo de Taveras (Trinidad, Felix, of the Anthropological
Paz), Juan Luna, Felix Resurrection and Ethnological
Hidalgo Museum)

- Luna: “Death of Cleopatra” BERLIN

Heidelberg (1886) Purposes:

- February 1, 1886 (Strasbourg, other 1. To gain further knowledge of

German towns) ophthalmology

- February 3, 1886 – arrival at Heidelberg 2. To further his studies of sciences and

- UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG
o DR. OTTO BECKER –
University Eye Hospital
o PROF. WILHELM
KUEHNE
- April 22, 1886: A LAS FLORES DE
HEIDELBERG
- WILHELMSFELD (3 month vacation)
o Pastor Ulmer, Fritz, Etta
- PROF. FERDINAND BLUMENTITT
o July 31, 1886 (First Letter)
o Rufino Hernandez
§ Baltazar:
ARITMETICA (a
languages
3. To observe the economic and political
conditions of Germany
4. Associate with famous German scientists
and scholars
5. Publish NOLI ME TANGERE
Dr. Feoder Jagor - TRAVELS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Membership in scholarly groups:
- Anthropological society,
Ethnological Society,
Geographical Society
- Dr. Rodulf Virchow - German
anthropologist
- Dr. Hans Virchow - Descriptive
Anatomy
- Dr. Schweigger - German
ophthalmologist, with whom Rizal
served as an assistant
 - Madame Lucie Cerdole - Rizal’s - Rivals: Padre Pedro Payo, Padre
teacher in Francaise Gregorio Echavarria (UST Rector),
● To Trinidad (March 11, 1886) Padre Salvador Font (Augustinian cura
● Winter (1886) - Rizal’s health of Tondo), Padre Jose Rodriguez
deteriorated (Prior of Guadalupe), Vicente
Barrantes
GRAND TOUR OF EUROPE (1887) ● Blasted Noli and other
- Dr. Maximo Viola anti-spanish writings
May 11, 1887 ● Vicente Barrantes criticized
- DRESDEN - one of the best cities in Noli in Spain (January 1890,
Germany La Espana Moderna)
● Dr. Adolph B. Meyer - Defenders: Marcelo H. del Pilar, Dr.
● Dr. Jagor Antonio Ma. Regidor, Graciano Lopez
- TESCHEN (Decin, Czechoslovakia) Jaena, Mariano Ponce, Fr. Leoncio
May 13-16, 1887 Sanchez, Don Segismundo Moret, Dr.
- LEITMERITZ Miguel Morayta, Prof. Ferdinand
● Met Prof. Blumentritt and his Blumentritt, Rev. Vicente Garcia
family (Justo Desiderio Magalang)
- PRAGUE 1887-1888
● Dr. Willkomm - Friendship with Lt. Jose Taviel de
- VIENNA (LINTZ - SALZBURG - Andrade
MUNICH - ULM - STUTTGART - - Death of his sister Olimpia
BADEN - RHEINFALL) - Reacted to agrarian problems in
● Queen of Dunube Calamba
● Hotel Metropole - Himno Al Tabajo (Hymn to Labor) for
July 19, 1887 the people of Lipa (1888)
- SCHAFFHAUSEN, SWITZERLAND - February 1888, Rizal was forced to
(BASEL - BERN - LAUSSANE - leave the country
GENEVA)
July 23, 1887 Hong Kong and Macao (1888)
- Rizal and Viola parted ways
- Madrid Exhibition: Igorots in - February 3, 1888 - Zafiro
G-strings mocked by the people - Hong Kong (Victoria Hotel)
- ITALY (TURIN - MILAN - VENICE - Jose Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio,
- FLORENCE) Manuel Yriate
June 27, 1887 - Jose Sainz de Varanda - spy
- ROME - “Hong Kong is a small but very clean
● Eternal City city” (February 16, 1888 to F
● City of Caesars Blumentritt)
- After a week, he prepared to return to - February 18-120, 1888 - Kiu Kang
Philippines - With Basa
- MACAO
FIRST HOMECOMING (1887-1888) - “The city is small, low and gloomy.
Reasons: There are many junks, sampans, but
- Her mother’s surgery few steamers. It looks sad and is
- Serve his people almost dead.”
- Find out himself the effects of Noli me - February 22, 1888 - Oceanic (Hong
Tangere and his other works Kong to Japan)
- Find out what happened to Leonor
Japan (1888)
August 5, 1887
- Arrived in Manila - February 28 to April 13, 1888
- Met Dr. Uliman in Calamba - Land of the Cherry Blossoms
- Appearance to Governor General - Yokohama - TOKYO (March 2-7,
Terrero 1888)
 - Juan Perez Caballero - Study and annotate Morga’s
- O-SEI-SAN - SEIKO Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
USUI(Seiko-san) - Safety of London from
- Imperial Art Gallery, Imperial Spanish tyranny
Library, universities, - May 21, 1888 - Liverpool, England
Shokubutsu-en, city parks, - May 25, 1888 - London
shrines - Dr. Antonio Ma Regidor
- TETCHO SUEHIRO - fighting - Beckett Family
Japanese journalist, novelist and - Gertrude (Gettie/Totie)
champion of human rights - Dr. Reinhold Rost - librarian of the
- April 13 to December 1, 1888 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, authority
- US to New York to London on Malayan languages and customs
- September 1888 - PARIS
United States of America (1888) - December 11, 1888 - MADRID and
BARCELONA
- April 28, 1888 - Marcelo H. Del Pilar
- San Francisco (May 4-6, 1888) - Mariano Ponce
● Belgic - Christmas in London (1888)
● Quarantine, racial - Leadership among Filipinos in
discrimination against Chinese Europe:
● Leland Stanford - Associacion la Solidaridad
● Pres. Grover Cleveland - December 31, 1888
- Oakland - Honorary President
- Nevada - biggest little city in the - Galicano Apacible,
world Graciano Lopez
- New York (May 13, 1888) Jaena, Manuel Santa
● The big town Maria, Mariano
● George Washington: “He is a Ponce, Jose Maria
great man, who I think, has no Panganiban (other
equal in this country.” officers)
- LA SOLIDARIDAD
Good Impressions: (Barcelona, February 15,
1889)
- Material progress of the country - Aims:
- Drive and energy of the American - To work
people peacefully for
- Natural beauty of the land political and
- High standard of living social reforms
- Opportunities for a better life offers to - Portray the
immigrants deplorable
conditions in
Bad Impression: the
Philippines
- The lack of racial equality for Spain’s
remedy
“ America, is the land par excellence of - Oppose evil
freedom, but only for the whites.” forces of
reaction and
London (1888-1889) medievalism
- Advocate
- May 1888 to March 1889
liberal ideas
- Purpose:
and progress
- Improve knowledge of
- To champion
English language
the legitimate
aspirations of
 Filipinos to
life,
democracy
and happiness
- “Los Agricultores Filipino”
(The Filipino Farmer)
- 1st article of Rizal in
La Solidaridad
- Published March 25,
2889
- DIMAS ALANG (nom de
plume)
- “La Vision del Fray
Rodriguez
- “Letter to the Young Women
of Malolos”
- February 22, 1889
- TRUBNER’S RECORD
- “Specimens of
Tagalog Folklore”
(May 1889)
- “Two Eastern Fables”
(June 1889)
- Historical studies:
- Annotation of
SUCESOS DE LAS
ISLAS FILIPINAS
(Historical Events of
the Philipiine Islands)
by Morga
- Read old histories of
the Philippines
Paris (1889)
- Universal Exposition (May 6, 1889)
- Publication of his Annotation of
Sucesos
- Organizations:
- KIDLAT CLUB
- INDIOS BRAVOS
- RDLM SOCIETY
(Redencion de los Malayos)
- Further historical studies:
- FILIPINAS DENTRO DE
CIEN ANOS (The
Philippines Within a Century,
1889-1890)
- SOBRE LA INDOLENCIA
DE LOS FILIPINOS (The
Indolence of the Filipinos,
July-September 1890)
- LA POLITICA COLONIAN
ON FILIPINAS (Colonial
Policy in the Philippines)
- POR TELEFONO - a satire
in reply to Padre Salvador
Font
- January 28, 1890 - Rizal left
Paris for Brussels
Belgium (1890)
- Continued to write EL FILI, Published
for La Solidaridad
- SOBRE LA NUEVA
ORTOGRAFIA DE LA LENGUA
TAGALA (The New Ortography of
the Tagalog Language, April 1890)
- Presentiments of Death
- Opposition to Jaena’s plan to
go to Cuba
- His wanting to go home, yet
decided to go to Madrid
instead
Madrid (1890-1891)
- August 1890, Rizal arrived in Madrid
- Some misfortunes:
- Failure to get justice for family
- Death of Jose Ma. Panganiban
(August 19, 1890)
- Duel with Antonio Luna
- Rivalry with MH del Pilar
- The marriage of Leonor to an
Englishman
Biarritz (1891)
- February 1891
- BOUSTEAD FAMILY
- Nellie - with whom Rizal had a
serious romance
- 29 March 1891 - Rizal finished the
manuscript of El Fili.
- Returned to Brussels: retired from the
Propaganda and stopped writing for
La Solidaridad.
Ghent (1891)
- 5 July 1891 - Rizal left Brussels for
Ghent
- F. MEYER-VAN LOO PRESS (No.
66 Viaanderen Street)
- VALENTIN VENTURA - Saviour of
El Fili
- 18 September 1891 - El Fili came off
the press
 - MAKAMISA, DAPITAN (some
unfinished novels)
- 18 Ocrtober 1891 - Rizal boarded
Melbourne (streamer) bound for Hong
Kong.
Hong Kong (1891- 1892)
- 20 November 1891 - Rizal arrived in
Hong Kong.
- 1 December 1891
- Wrote his parents seeking his
permission to go home.
- Learned about the deportation of 25
persons from Calamba, including his
family members.
- Christmas reunion in Hong Kong
- Rizal practised medicine
- Had a clinic
- Successfully operated his mother’s left
eye
- Borneo Colonization Project (New
Calamba)
- 7 March 1892 - went to Sandakan to
negotiate with the British authorities
for the establishment of a Filipino
colony.
- Rejected by Gov. Gen. Despujol
Work in Hong Kong:
- ANG KARAPATAN NANG
TAO (translation of French
“Rights of Man”, Spanish
Nation)
- A LA NACION ESPANOLA
(To the Spanish Nation)
- SA MGA KABABAYAN (To
my Countrymen), December
1891
- Constitution of LA LIGA
FILIPINA (1892)
- Decided to return to Manila
1. To talk to Gov.
Despujol regarding
the Borneo
colonization project
2. Establish La Liga
Filipina
3. Prove the eduardo de
Lete was wrong in
attacking him in
Madrid that Rizal
abandoned the
country’s cause
Second Homecoming
- 21 June 1892 - a secret case was filed
in Manila against Rizal for
“anti-religious and anti-patriotic
agitation”
- 26 June 1892 - Rizal and Lucia arrived
in Manila
- 3 July 1892 - Founding of the LA
LIGA FILIPINA
LA LIGA FILIPINA
- A civic league of Filipinos that desires
to establish a role in the
socio-economic life of the people.
- Aims:
1. Unity of the whole
archipelago
2. Mutual protection in every
want and necessity
3. Defense against all violence
and injustice
4. Encouragement of education,
agriculture and commerce
5. Study of application of
reforms
- 6 July 1892 - Rizal’s arrest
- Despujol’s decree of Rizal’s arbitrary
deportation to the South
- 15 July 1892 - Rizal was brought
under heavy guard, to Dapitan, where
he will be exiled for four years
Exile in Dapitan (1892-1896)
- 17 July 1892 to July 1896
- Fr. Pablo Pastells (Superior of the
Jesuits in the Philippines)
- Fr. Antonio Obach (parish priest of
Dapitan)
- Talisay
- RIZAL-PASTELLS DEBATE ON
RELIGION
- FLORENCIO NAMANAN
- a.k.a. “PABLO MERCADO” -
a friar’s spy
- JOSEPHINE BRACKEN
- an Irish woman who became
Rizal’s wife
- daughter of JAMES
BRACKEN
- Adopted by GEORGE
TAUFER
- FRANCISCO
 - Rizal’s child with Josephine
(1896)
- PIO VALENZUELA
- Katipunan’s emissary to
Dapitan (21 June 1896)
- Projects:
- Clinic
- water system
- school for boys
- collecting specimens:
Apogonia rizali (beetle), draco
rizali (flying dragon),
rhacophorus rizali (rare frog)
- linguistic studies
- Farming
- artistic works (sculpture)
- business (finishing, copra,
hemp)
- invention (sulpukan-cigarette
lighter)
- Poems:
- Mi Retiro (My
Retreat)
- Josephine, Josephine
- El Canto del Viajero
(The Song of the
Traveler)
Trial and Execution
- 6 August 1896 - Rizal missed the ship
Isla de Luzon for Spain
- 30 August 1896 - Gov. Gen. Blanco
dismissed Rizal from all blame for the
raging revolution.
- 3 September 1896 - Rizal left Manila
for Barcelona
- SINGAPORE (7 September)
- PORT SAID, Mediterranean
(28 September)
- BARCELONA (30
September), with Rizal as a
prisoner on board
- 3 November 1896 - the ship Colon
reached Manila
- 20 November 1896 - preliminary
investigation
- CAPT. RAFAEL DOMINGUEZ
(special Judge Advocate)
- DON LUIS TAVIEL DE ANDRADE -
Rizal’s chosen counsel
- 26 December 1896 - Rizal’s trial
- 28 December 1896 - reading of
verdict, Gov. Gen Camilo Polavieja
signs Rizal’s execution
- 29 December 1896
- CAPT. RAFAEL
DOMINGUEZ
- FR. MIGUEL SADERRA
MATA, FR. LUIS VIZA
(Jesuits)
- FR. ANTONIO ROSELL, LT.
LUIS TRAVIEL DE
ANDRADE
- FR. FEDERICO FAURA
- FRS. JOSE VILACLARA,
VICENTE BALAGUER
- Wrote the farewell poem and a
letter to Blumentritt
- 29 December 1896
- FR. BALAGUER - discussed
with Rizal about retraction
- RIZAL’S mother and
TRINIDAD
- “There is something
inside”
- DON SILVINO LOPEZ
TUNON
- DON GASPAR CESTANO
- 30 December 1896
- 7:03, death of Jose Rizal’
- 35 years, 5 months, 11 days
- MI ULTIMO ADIOS:
I die just when I see the dawnbreak
Through the gloom of night, to the
herald day;
And if color is lacking my blood thou
shalt take,
Pour’d out at need for thy dear sake,
To dye with its crimson the waking
ray.