Civ Shot Nete h hfihite Series

Tnf ihite Sexie Let n)he bea equence of

real ho uch Hhot 0s, 2,
On are ho exmb 0 the 3e quence Ghtho n h e
ta2t az O4 +S+ J h C a led 0h
Jht inite 3erieh de hotedby h
LetU Co_hnideya Seq ue hCeh)hc n

which Cled 9 eQUeh ce ot patial 3 Sn

he eyi h d dehote d a
9 , +Q 2

Sh

No te- TC S. 1 cOhvey9ent hon Um Sh

e i a t Ghd inite
Let m Jhen th e
h
of Hhe 3eyje

T Sn)nEM S5dq JumSh

h o

tha n ha h r 0n i ala o diverget

ie
Bm h d o os hot eiat thoh ho 3.eYieSJ
O, dl otoxy eYi

Caucheyy
Ouche Gene ya Pzihci pal Cf Cohvergthce he
hecesSary
 Date:
Puge

9f Ghihf inte9, thot i3 Seq.u.eh.ce of

paxtia m is Cauchey SequRhCe

An iht inite

mt r2 tA 6 h 7m

Notel A hece ay COhdidioh ox the cOhverqthce

Gn hinite
h

Hddikloh Y 7einOval_f 0 fini te h9 of

eymSsn o ffyom h htúnt seyies does
offect J S hotuy e of COhvey ehce Y
divergehce

Tf S gh d h Onvey ge
JGnd J2 Yespectvely Hhan th
(Sa T)aue COhver ge_o il2,
V)
T Sn COhveyges to hen
YI Ohvey e o

1e0 meYiCSeYIA .h-i

Caled
O ge OmetyiC 3
hO heye OYe folou
COhveygehCe dVex genCe baed oh hatuye of
 Date:
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T ol< h e 9eyieCOhveq t o
-

T 3Z hs ere i dg

T - the qeome4ri Sries i

CUod es b weeh

T 7=- t h ge0 hefric sexirs 0suillades

Seie of positive te rn A 8Yiea Js

d do be a
seris oitive tezmbif S h 0 VheN/
Let
be be a 9eTS Ot
boitve fera hen
SeCuenCe ot_ Oziol Un t the5eries
Ja bouhde d

Note Hhyintinite 5eyien oE b0itive eYm ii

Rithey Cohvez 9ent oy diverqeht budnot
dlotory

2 n S O series 0E poidtve deym

hth additioh 9Ye hdval 9brachs
inho 3yiesii thout changingtha_or de
wiuhhot_0fHed i s hVeygth Ce

TC3, be
he
Cg Sev jey 0t po3itive
heh
heh Ohy 7 RaYrang.e ment Gt eYj h
Chd COh verges o the
 eator COhy exgehce 0 Q oitive teymtrjo

h-thtexm teat T b0div ern

9eYie 3uch hot
h o
hoh On i diverg
buut i m h cO
hth O

h-th te,t tails

O paxiaon Tet -Tt T an bn Ort

On fwo poaitivve

bh KOn hE KER Jhn

Om harision lest-I T on 2 bh 0re oh

w e +ve t RY m e yies

h co bn

& finite hanhe

both 38Ye COhUeY q3 OY diVeYqestogetheY.

Note TJE& bhjb cgt: thenGn i ct

T

T +ye teTh
hP
9.exe3then~
 Date
Pagret

is Cohvergent Pz & dvex qent if P<

Com0xiaioh f t - r T Gh e bR GY
w ye exh eri
n nt On Vh7m hsh
an

bn dgdr On i s d
Vi-)
Cauchty Yoof_tt
teY m
m On)h ho b

On is Cg i <
On i dg i 7iL
The tert 4ai l if =
(Vi
- a l em bert' Rotio at I f n be
O 0iiive
tex
m
he h

On dqt
qitey
ha e foilo j f J=

Alternative Caxm of7otio fet T

On b
 o ttve erm9erie,
On = thoh=
hCo On

Tit Cgt

et aila
(VitD
Robee Tus TE Ohbe a tVe team

Jm h then
h Ont

2hib ct Jt 74
On i dgtif
he t a t fails ife

000 ihmic e t On i> otive

h s co
h g n hon

tit dgi

Bertand'ss, &De m@Ygoh's t

niatve

loge
Tpis dg if J<1
The e t fai if J=4
 Date
Page

HigheY LoarithmiC Ted (79h be o tve

ims g . h h o g 9 theh
h

jf
TCit9h_J dgd if
et failh if E

Quche y Cnd ehhatioh Teati T b eofndian

h)o Vh ie ()i a ve undion

Vhe
Cn))ht M mohotohicaly decre0NAng
q u e h s eHhAh

hotuYeef z {(n) and 2 ahC(o)

me wh tre a i b 0hy ndegey &h7i
je ei both erie
o (oh)0ze conveyqekt oy both dhve ze
ht

hte qya Tst f ()be a positive

ho nofO h eyeosihg tudia

defined foy al 2ta 7

Ohh der he f(K)
Ond h itegza )d

Coheye Vh (2)d heh bo th 3htse quth.ce

9n V CohVtYge o divee
 Date:
Page:

toqethex.
h e 9erie
h
Fn) & he idegra
ehi bit i midar behavi OU

h
OY f () du fini te then F)

OhVeT9

SR) d Jb intini te hen theS7ie Z f

h-i
diverq
Note hentvalue of3he d n t e groa f ) da
J h9t he_So e O he u of th e
h
f (h) ih9 eneral
giv
is ethevey fai l
Uh be o tve ey mbe Yies
Qhd
Y

whey Y Y J0bdd- sequskCe

Note Abel' he 9Yo m 29n beacte 7Je

e texm nis o
M-0 3equence ha
 Date:
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/5
wheh b ae J3
V 7 O2
Jogh
Vo O.4
og h

CT
h rohe htre ogh i3dg 307ie
9h COhveY q es hd 7 Fh_COhveyg
hon a (Ohveq
v
L 2 h COhveyges Gnd n dive q
)Y 9 h di veyqeh Ohd hen
d h Cohveygeshth
n n)djvey9 e

9 h oh d n bohdgd he (h)
COh veY9eAT 0Y duverget

GTeher o Form of yotis t e > led n

+Ve

Le h ht & i h t hn
h ha

S ncOnyergs J L<
9h du verg e

Let bea
Ve ey n SRYIS
L m Sn) Lhe-

a
9h cOhvey g

9h veyge Lz1
C
Tesd h Coh Jui ve 0
 Date:
Fage:

ee dia qzan

Neceasayyca.hditioh

Haldtxuue Egils
CSinpoiion Rafi R00f nis M.D. Seque Fin6do
hceof Sum
Tet Tet Tet 0rkial

Sum

Tndegra Cauchey
Tek COndehaotiah
t

Rabges Tot Logayithinic est

Failb FaiFai ls
DemorganaBerton d'3
igher
Tet Lag0ih mic test

G1Gu Test hevey fai b

 Date:-
Puge

Lh hertont Nofe boita> he series t

iH 9eque hCe O a1iiol umLS bdd: belou

is Ont ont &z u i a d t thehCUnis

alho dgt whexe

Any COn be wTIRhO 0 tlecopic serie

Ahy 9quehce COhbe Yitteh GS ,eq,uenCe ot

tatial 9m me ieS

(VI
COhverg ent Ohdbnih bdd
hah 2 h bn is cqt 0 n >arbitrary
V 3RTs)
h h-i he
Vit
&2 V both are converqeht seri hen
Hhe seies dhVn J abaolutely ctals,0

Un 2 Vn- bo h are cOhvergerdt e i s ot

po31.tl ve eal hulmber 3 thah tho 9.eyiey UnVa
ala, o g

2 icgi hen U in c9t

un be tve derh 3eYies ah d cq hh

ntt
sasS 9 cgi'ahd
n
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Page:

7 be a 3eq uehce of pOitve e

2 h i Cq h eh_Z ah d

he h- 37
VDe )Obd dg for all ther valuebb

ho 7i dgi Ohy
+"

The S Ohveyq Rh Jt 0

no dveq eht i ua
(YVT
ogh) Jogh Ore cg
o gog h) 9i

(Xv Ogh
Ohd
1o9h

- is Cgt
dg if bé
(T
Caucheyyoot ki3 mox
howey ul hot qeheYa gheya

yotioful
 Datet
Page:

Theserie,i C )(d+2) +- 7))

PCB+) 6+) (B+2)
>cShveYg.tni i f g > t i Ohd divergeri if
ti
hh h
C9 Ond dgifz
h

&
he ere h=2 h ogh) P

oU
h 2 h ogho91ogh)P
QY cq j Yiohd
dgt if

ogh A3 Cohveyge h if bziOhddg i

h
dhis his is caUed p-log Jerjes
te

i diveyqeh V valu es Of b
o9h)b

b)
1ogh 3 diveyged f 1 Ou d
COhveyQeh f 2

C
JS COhverqeht Jí b7i qhd
hogh) diveyg e nd if Þ 1

Ld On e 9,eq,ueh ce
Onei-On C h Vhc/ 0 no Ch ig
C 9exs hehOn qCQuchey quehC.
 b)
T tn be a 3e9ueh
k
n -h 1 h where b,hs
02quLLhce (real) T bn is Cgt hen
Cauchey 9equehce b

TE he
heh aS03Yie 1 COhve gent

inhl dqi0 9unh

h

whh ,E 1)
e
h-2
2n-1)
h

loqh Y og h h Vh 72
he 2
ogh n2
ghh h2 (Iogn

J dgtt

h3
(log (Iogw))h JSCgt

Rummey Test Let n oad be

b0sidive Yecl ho dho et
n dn+i
Untl

Qnd f
 Date:
Paget

un Wn o 0hd d iverqe
n
hen Un d veY yet

L t SOn b e a equehce ot b 0ai tive

eal h 0
T hY MchAequcheb
ot tV Yeol h0 Gnd a0utive Cohat Gn c
Such h ot b On bnti C
n+
On 9J a, o c9t

T o hE hOn h ahd COnh' COhveYqe

h
togehtY b divexge t9gethey

T n7 Vhe N gnd
Joway c
but COhveY e J3 ho YUe

1Unzo VheN Ohd n+i J9

ah
n
a o c