CHEM1811 Lecture 03

Lecture 3: Flow and Chemistry

CHEM1811: Engineering Chemistry 1A

Stuart Prescott
Room 316a Hilmer
Science & Engineering Building (E8)

s.prescott@unsw.edu.au

Material balance with molar flow rate

NaOH For each chemical species, we can
write:
C = 0.10 mol/L
v = 1.0 L/s

In:
input molar flow rate
going in, FOH− ,0
HCl Out:
C = 0.20 mol/L output molar flow rate
v = 0.50 L/s Na+, Cl-
H2O
going out, FOH− ,1
generation (molar) rate of
H+ + OH- → H2O

creation, rOH−
accumulation (molar) rate of
increase inside,
dNOH−
dt
Input + Generation = Output + Accumulation

Material balance recap

3 / 22 2020

A limiting reagent and flow

pentene
C = 0.020 mol/L
Questions
v = 0.50 L/s
1 what are the input molar flow
In: rates of bromine and pentene?
Br2
C = 0.015 mol/L
Out:
2 is there a limiting reagent for
v = 0.60 L/s dibromopentane the reaction? (which?)
3 what will be the maximum
achievable output molar flow
rates?

bromination of an alkene

C5 H10 + Br2 −−→ C5 H10 Br2

Flow and reactions

5 / 22 2020

1
CHEM1811 Lecture 03
Summary of describing material balance
v volumetric flow rate
CAi concentration of A at
point i
In:

concentrations Out:
volumetric flow rate
molar flow rates concentrations
FAi molar flow rate of A at
reaction: A → B
(generation)
volumetric flow rate
molar flow rates
point i
accumulation
FAi = CAi v
NA,sys moles of A in system

Later, we will turn this balance into a differential equation…

Input + Generation = Output + Accumulation

dNA,sys
FA0 + rA,total = FA1 +
dt
(Be careful with NA and the Avogadro constant!)

Flow and reactions

6 / 22 2020

Material balance for dye in a reactor

Understand flow with a tracers You’ll do this experiment in
1 fill the reactor with tracer CHEM1811 labs; you might do
solution more on this in CEIC2005 and
CEIC2007.
2 start flowing pure solvent in
3 monitor the tracer concentration No dye being added in
with time input = 0
The dye doesn’t react
generation = 0
Input + Generation = Output + Accumulation
dNdye,sys
0+ 0 = Fdye,out +
dt
 
t
Eventually… Cdye = Cdye,0 exp −
τ
Flow and reactions

7 / 22 2020

Energy balance within a reaction system

In:

T = 350 K Out:
v = 0.60 L/s
T = 370 K
v = 0.60 L/s
exothermic
reaction

Input + Generation = Output + Accumulation

Input: temperature, mass flow rate, heat capacity

Generation: chemical reaction
Output: temperature, mass flow rate, heat capacity
Accumulation: temperature change, total reactor heat capacity
Flow and reactions

8 / 22 2020

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CHEM1811 Lecture 03
Summary & next
Outcomes from (the first half of) today’s class
Material balance for chemistry
Limiting reagents and flow
How to succeed in learning

On-line
Next set of videos about atoms and bonding

Next …
Atoms
Energy in atoms

Summary of first half

21 / 22 2020