University of the Philippines Manila

College of Arts and Sciences

Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics
MATHEMATICS I0: Mathematics, Culture and Society
Midterm Exam
SET A

General Instructions. Follow the instructions specified for each subtest. Final answers must be written
in ink on the provided answer sheets. Do NOT write anything on the questionnaire.

I. On your answer sheet, shade the circle corresponding to A if the statement is always
TRUE; B if FALSE. Avoid erasures. (1 point each)

1. The statements ∼ (p ∨ q) and ∼ p ∧ ∼ q are logically equivalent.

2. The inverse of an implication is logically equivalent to its converse.

3. The negation of the statement “Some roses are red.” is “No roses are red.”

4. The statement ”Eli will pass his Math exam or Eli will not pass his Math exam” is a contradiction.

5. ”All dogs are hairy. My pet Donut is not hairy. Therefore, Donut is not a dog.” is a valid argument.

6. The set {∅} is empty.

7. If A ⊆ B, then n(A − B) = 0.

8. If A is a subset of B, then B contains elements that are not in A.

9. A set is infinite if it has an infinite subset.

10. If all subsets of A are finite, then A is finite.

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11. For all a ∈ R, a · a = 1.

12. By commutative axiom, a + (b + c) = a + (c + b).

13. The set of irrational numbers is closed under addition.

14. The golden ratio ϕ is the positive root of x2 − x − 1 = 0.

15. Fibonacci numbers aside from 1 and 2, are prime.

16. There are no parallel lines in Elliptic Geometry.

17. All elliptic lines have the same length.

18. In Hyperbolic geometry, the sum of interior angles of a triangle is less than π.

19. Two distinct hyperbolic lines are never parallel.

20. All polygons are topologically equivalent.

II. On your answer sheet, shade the circle corresponding to the letter of the correct
answer. If the answer is NOT among the choices, shade the circle corresponding to E.
(1 point each)

1. Which of the following is NOT equivalent to the statement “All Math 10 students are honest”?

(a) If you are a Math 10 student, then you are honest.

(b) Being a Math 10 student is sufficient for you to be honest.
(c) Either you are a Math 10 student, or you are honest.
(d) To be honest is sufficient for you to be a Math 10 student.

2. Negate the statement: “Some islands are deserted.”

(a) Some islands are not deserted. (c) No islands are deserted.
(b) Not all islands are deserted. (d) All islands are deserted.

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 3. Which of the following is the inverse of the conditional statement “If p, then q”

(a) p∧ ∼ q (b) If ∼ q, then ∼ p. (c) If ∼ p, then ∼ q. (d) p∨ ∼ q

4. The argument “Eight is composite and even. Therefore eight is not prime.” is valid by

(a) Modus Ponens (b) Modus Tollens (c) Addition (d) Simplification

5. Which of the following is the accurate conclusion of this argument “All students are hardworking.
All hardworking people are patient. Alex is not a student”?

(a) Alex is hardworking. (c) Alex is patient.

(b) Alex is not hardworking. (d) Alex is not patient.

6. Which of the following demonstrates 1-1 correspondence?

(a) The set of natural numbers is in 1-1 correspondence with the set of integers since they are both
infinite sets.
(b) Two finite sets A and B are in 1-1 correspondence if their union A ∪ B has twice the cardinality
of both A and B.
(c) Two infinite sets of people A and B are in 1-1 correspondence if there exists a pairing of each
member of A with a member of B and vice versa, such that the resulting couples are in strictly
monogamous relationships.
(d) The set of rational numbers is in 1-1 correspondence with the set of integers, since every rational
number is the quotient of two integers.

7. Which of the following group of elements is well-defined?

(a) {−4, 3, 10, · · · } (c) {x|x is a letter of the alphabet}

(b) {1, 4, · · · } (d) {x|x is a nice number}

For the next three items: Let U be the set of all distinct letters in the sentence

“first departmental examination”

A be the set of all distinct letters in “upmanila”,
B be the set of all distinct letters in “padre faura street”, and
C be the set of all distinct letter in “ermita manila”.

8. Which of the following sets have the least cardinality?

(a) U (b) A (c) B (d) C

9. The set A ∪ (B ∪ C) is equal to

(a) U (c) {u, p, m, a, n, i, l, e, r, t, s}

(b) {u, p, m, a, n, i, l, d, r, e, f, s, t} (d) {u, p, m, a, n, i, l, p, f, s}

10. The set (A − C) ∪ B is equivalent to

(a) U (c) B
(b) A (d) C

11. Two finite sets are equivalent if

(a) they have exactly the same elements (c) they have the same number of elements
(b) they are subsets of each other (d) all of the above

12. The 27-th and 28-th Fibonacci numbers are 196418 and 317811, respectively. What is the 24-th
Fibonacci number?

(a) 28657 (b) 46368 (c) 75025 (d) 121393

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 13. Consider a relation ∼ on the set Z such that x ∼ y if and only if x + y is even. The relation ∼ is

(a) reflexive (b) symmetric (c) transitive (d) all of the above

14. For any real number a, b, c, d, the equation (a + b)(c + d) = ac + bc + ad + bd illustrates which
property?

(a) Commutativity of Multiplication

(b) Associativity of Multiplication
(c) Distributivity of Multiplication over Addition
(d) Existence of Additive Inverse

15. The set {−1, 0, 1} with the operation addition satisfies the following except for

(a) Associative property (c) Commutative property

(b) Closure property (d) Existence of Additive Inverse

16. Which of the following is TRUE

(a) N ⊂ Q0
(b) N and W are disjoint
(c) The set of prime numbers and the set of even numbers are disjoint.
(d) Z − Q = ∅

17. Which of the following sets are infinite?

(a) Set of factors of the number 1000. (c) Set of students enrolled in a class.
(b) Set of rational numbers between 0 and 1. (d) Set of countries in the Asian region.

18. Why was there a need to introduce and study non-Euclidean geometries?

(a) To simplify the study of geometry by creating an axiomatic system containing less axioms.
(b) To address the limitations of Euclidean geometry, particularly in modeling physical space where
the Parallel Postulate is not appropriate.
(c) To create a more intuitive axiomatic system and to address the inconsistency of the Parallel
Postulate with other postulates of Euclidean geometry.
(d) To steer mathematics towards the correct path by showing that although Euclid had a pio-
neering approach, he was wrong.

19. Elliptic lines may be viewed as on a sphere.

(a) latitudes (b) projections (c) great circles (d) circles

20. Which of the following words consist of letters that are topologically equivalent to the word “LOGIC”?

(a) DROOP (b) LEFTY (c) HOMEO (d) MATHS

III. At the back of your answer sheet write your answers to the questions below.
(5 points each)

1. Explain the three symmetries discussed in class and give two examples each.

2. State Playfair’s Axiom. Name and describe two geometries which emerged from varying this axiom.

3. In a hundred words or less, answer one of the following:

(a) How can we use logic to promote healthy political discourse in social media?
(b) Complete the following statement and elaborate. “Mathematics is not just about numbers,
formulas and equations. It is also about .

***END OF EXAM***
**Total: 55 points**