INDUSTRIAL REHABILITATION | OPT 3204-4

WEEK 10 - HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK AX.

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MAYNILA (BATCH 2023)

■ Safety control Measures implementation

OUTLINE
➔ Special groups who needs
extra and different measure for
I. PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL RISKS protection: PWDs, elders,
II. HAZARD
III. RISK children, pregnant women
■ Risk Transfer
PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL RISKS HAZARD
● RA 11058: An Act Strengthening Compliance Condition or set of circumstances that present a potential for
with Occupational Safety and Health Standards harm
and Providing Penalties for Violations ● Physical
○ Employers must avoid exposing their ○ Environmental factors that can harm an employee
employees to the hazards of occupational without necessarily touching them
risks ○ Hazardous substances that can cause harm
■ Includes:
● Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment: ➔ Heights
○ Examining all characteristics of hazards ➔ Noise
that can be experienced in the workplace ➔ Radiation
○ Preventive: figuring out what could go ➔ Pressure
wrong ➔ Sharp obj
○ Reactive: Reaction after things went ➔ Octopus Wiring →Tripping/Fire incident
wrong ● Chemical
○ Hazardous substances that can cause harm
■ Includes:
➔ Bleach
➔ Muriatic Acid
➔ Chlorine
➔ Lacquer Thinner
■ Causes:
➔ Irritation
➔ Explosion

● Biological
■ Includes:
➔ Viruses
➔ Bacteria
➔ Insects
➔ Animals
■ Examples:
➔ Covid
● Work System: ➔ Swine Flu
○ Risk Analysis:Interview the employees. ➔ H1n1
Ask their day to day flow. ➔ Amoebiasis
■ Identify Hazard ➔ Vets → d/t exposure to various animal
virus or dse there’s a plausibility of the dse to
■ Identify Risks transfer from animal to human
○ Risk Assessment: ➔ Salmonella → Food poisoning
■ Risk Evaluation ● Ergonomic
■ Risk Ranking/Categorization ○ Result of physical factors that can result in
■ Risk Classification musculoskeletal injuries.
○ Risk Control ■ Examples:
TRANSCRIBERS | Aran, Lailo, Santos, B., Torres, C. Page 1
 | HAZARD AND RISK
➔ Lousy Work station → LBP/Neck pain
➔ Dim Lighting
➔ Poor posture
● Psychological
○ Include those that can have an adverse effect on
an employee’s mental health or wellbeing ● 2 Dimensional Grading
■ Examples: ○ Likelihood of Harm - the probability that
➔ Sexual harassment the risk would occur
➔ Stress/ ↑ pressure environment ○ Severity of Harm - how harmful the effect
➔ Work Overload is
➔ ↑Load= ↓Salary ● Example: When assessing a person
RISK working in a machine, the likelihood of
harm is very likely but the severity of harm
The chance or probability that a person will be harmed or is low because there are controls in place,
experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard therefore it is considered as a low risk.
● Hazard is NOT a Risk ● Another example: When assessing
○ Risk is how you respond to a hazard someone wherein the likelihood of harm is
very unlikely but the severity of the harm is
extreme then it is considered as high risk.
● Risk evaluation would help you prioritize
what risk should be addressed and
controlled first.
● Evaluate the risk involved, rank them ,
then ask if the risk is acceptable.

RISK RANKING

Hazard Risk

Covid 19 Probability of exposure

Water Drowning

Gasoline Cigar

Driving Using Phone

RISK ASSESSMENT
● Used In order to prioritize which risk is to be
addressed first.
● Assessment can be in a form of a
○ Qualitative Approach
○ Quantitative approach
● Once you identify what is the evaluation of
RISK EVALUATION (Qualitative Approach) tolerability, during the risk control, changes will be
implemented according to it.

TRANSCRIBERS | Aran, Lailo, Santos, B., Torres, C. Page 2


● If the risk is evaluated as low, medium, and high,
the main goal is to make the risk as very low as
possible.
● Very high risk means extreme measures/risk control
should be taken.
● The same hazard could lead to several outcomes
➔ It always depends on the likelihood and
severity of harm.
● Consider likelihood of each possibility
● Prioritize
POTENTIAL CONTROL MEASURES INCLUDE:
1) MAKE THE CHANGES
● Remove the hazard
● Substitute
➔ Replace with something safer
● Isolate
● Add engineering controls
➔ Applying technical measures to
address the hazards.
➔ Example: Octopus wirings can be
addressed through an inner wall
or through providing an enough
number of outlets which can be
done during designing.
● Safe work practices
➔ Wearing of protective equipment.
● Provide PPE
● Implement and monitor controls
➔ Workplace should be
systematized. Operation
managers should check if the
safety measures were followed
before starting the operation.
● Controls should be agreed upon
➔ Employee body and management
should both agree on the controls
being placed.
● Make changes as soon as possible
● May require more than one risk control
measure
➔ You can implement two risk
control measures: an individual
measure and collective measure.
➔ Example of individual measure:
An employee is trained to check if
PPEs were complete. If not, the
company should have a system
where the employee can contact
for a replacement or new supply
of PPE.
➔ Example of collective measure:
TRANSCRIBERS | Aran, Lailo, Santos, B., Torres, C.
| HAZARD AND RISK
➢ Those employees who
are exposed to chemical
hazards, they have
"rotations' ' so they won't
be staying in a place
with a high risk of
chemical hazard for a
long period of time.
➢ Implementation of safety
signs.
2) CHECKING THE CHANGES
● CHANGES may need to be tested
➔ Ensure that risk is minimized
➔ No new hazard created
➔ After ensuring that the risk is
minimized and no new hazard is
created, check if the changes
done are working.
● Consultation
● New procedures
➔ Identifying and implementation of
new procedures if the changes
were not working.
WHY DOES HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK
ASSESSMENT IS NEVER ENDING CYCLE?
● Risk and Hazard is a part of the community and
society. Even though one hazard is addressed,
there are still hazards out there that need to be
addressed too. One hazard could also lead to
another hazard which is why constant checking is
important.
● Because technology is constantly improving,
machines from the past may pose risks and must
be replaced by new ones.
● Biological Hazard
● Risk - Transmission of virus or illness
● Risk control: Checking and recording of
temperature for possible symptoms, applying
physical distancing and wearing of face masks.
● Compared to the first picture, the second picture
shows a high risk because the two persons were
Page 3
 | HAZARD AND RISK
not wearing PPEs and not following the physical
distancing protocol.

REFERENCES:

Book References:
● PPT
Lecturer:
● Prof. Davidson Hernando

QUOTE:

TRANSCRIBERS | Aran, Lailo, Santos, B., Torres, C. Page 4