Descriptive Statistics and Data Visualization

Descriptive Statistics and Data Visualization
Data Source:
The study used the data of household income and consumption expenditures by using
Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) which was conducted by the Pakistan Bureau
of Statistics during the year 2013-14 and available on website of
PBS: http://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/microdata. The HIES Survey has been conducted in
Pakistan, with some breaks, since 1963 and questionnaire was revised in 1990 and 1998-99 to
address the issues of data collection methodologies and requirements of new system of national
accounts. The survey was renamed in 2004 as Pakistan Social and Living Standard
Measurement (PSLM) Survey and the module of the HIES which was revised in 1998-99
remain intact. The Pakistan Bureau of Statistics conducted PSLM Survey at district and
national/provincial (HIES) levels on alternative years. The PSLM Survey collects information
from household members about social and economic indicators such as employment,
education, health, housing, income and consumption expenditures etc. to gauge their living
standard. The PSLM/HIES Survey 2013-14 data was collected from 17989 households from
all four provinces of Pakistan (HIES 2013-14 report).
Data Description:
The microdata of 17,975 households used in the study to accommodate missing values. The
distribution of households based on province and region is given in the figure 1.1. The
percentage share of households from KPK, Punjab, Sind and Baluchistan are 19.59, 42.23,
28.95 and 9.23 respectively. The regional share of households from rural and urban are 65.37
and 34.63 percent respectively.
Figure 1.1: Percentage share of household over Province and Region
Province-wise Household Region-wise Household
kpk 19.59
rural 65.37
punjab 42.23
sindh 28.95
urban 34.63
balochistan 9.23
0 10 20 30 40 0 20 40 60 80
percent percent
Variables Description:
Table 1.1 gives variables notations and labelling used in the study. The information about food
and non-food expenditures are extracted from the HIES 2013-14 Survey and calculated calorie
consumption using Food Composition Table for Pakistan (Revised 2001) published by
Ministry of Planning and Development, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad. In the next sub-
section, variables explained with the help of descriptive statistics and visualization which will
help to understand regional and provincial differences in calorie consumption in Pakistan.
Table 1.1: Variables and Labelling

Variable Label
PCH_CAL per capita household total calories consumed per month
LPCH_CAL log of per capita household total calories consumed per month
PCE per capita household total nominal expenditures per month (Rs.)
LPCE log of per capita household total nominal expenditures per month (Rs.)
PCFE per capita household total nominal food expenditures per month (Rs.)
LPCFE log of per capita household total nominal food expenditures per month (Rs.)
PCNFE per capita household total nominal non-food expenditures per month (Rs.)
LPCNFE log of Per Capita household total nominal non-food expenditures per month
(Rs.)
Age_head age of household head in years
EDUHD education of household head in years
hhsize Number of people in household
urban 1 for urban and 0 for others
rural 1 for rural and 0 for others
Farmer 1 for farmer (Agriculture (self-employed)) and 0 for others
NonFarmer 1 for Nonfarmer (NonAgriculture) and 0 for others
DEMU5 proportion of hh members less than or equal to 5 years of age
DEM611 proportion of hh members that are greater than 5 and less or equal to 11
years
DEM1217 proportion of hh members that are greater than 11 and less or equal to 17
years
Punjab 1 for Punjab and 0 for others
KPK 1 for KPK and 0 for others
Sind 1 for Sind and 0 for others
Baloch 1 for Baloch and 0 for others
hh_head_M 1 for male hh_head and o for others
hh_head_F 1 for female hh_head and 0 for others
Descriptive Statistics of Continuous Variables:

Table 1.2 gives the summary statistics of continuous variables. The average calorie
consumption per capita per household is 61285.75 per month and standard deviation is
24523.83 which is quite high. The minimum and maximum values for PCH_CAL are 440 and
898740.50 respectively. The mean and standard deviation of PCE are Rs. 4547.46 and Rs.
3948.14 respectively. The minimum and maximum values for PCE are Rs. 774.64 and Rs.
124047 respectively. The average per capita household expenditures for food and non-food
items are Rs. 2029.21 and Rs. 2518.25 whereas standard deviation is Rs. 1271.94 and Rs.
3044.51 respectively per month. The mean and standard deviation for age of household head
(Age_head) are 45.39 and 13.69 in years respectively. The average education of household
head is 2.57 years and standard deviation is 4.40 years. The minimum education of household
head is 0 and maximum 18 years. The average size of household is 6.62 and standard deviation
is 3.26. The minimum and maximum size of household is 1 and 47 respectively.
Table 1.2: Summary Statistics of Continuous Variables

Variable Obs. Mean Std. Dev. Min Max
PCH_CAL 17,975 61285.75 24523.83 440.00 898740.50
PCE 17,975 4547.46 3948.14 774.64 124047.00
PCFE 17,975 2029.21 1271.94 410.60 41445.70
PCNFE 17,975 2518.25 3044.51 233.75 111972.50
Age_head 17,975 45.39 13.69 15.00 99.00
EDUHD 17,975 2.57 4.40 0.00 18.00
hhsize 17,975 6.62 3.26 1.00 47.00
Data Visualization:
The data visualization helps to understand key characteristics of the variables over province,
region and gender in the study. In this section, bar graph, box plots and scatter plots of variables
under consideration are used to observe their variations individually and by groups.
Household Size (hhsize):
First, data visualization of household size (hhsize) is presented because it will help to
understand variation in other variables such as per capita food and non-food consumption,
calorie and nominal total expenditures per household per month.
Figure 1.2: Mean and Median of Household Size (Overall)
Mean of Household Size Median of Household Size
6.62
0 2 4 6 8 0 10 20 30 40 50
Household size Household size
Figure 1.2 shows mean and median of household size which is 6.62 in a bar graph whereas
median is 6 which is shown in box plot. The box plot bordered displays 1st quartile (25th
percentiles) and 3rd quartile (75th percentiles) of the household size which are 4 and 8
respectively. The values of household size exceeding the upper and lower adjacent values are
called outside values and displayed as a marker in the box plot.
Household Size over Gender of Household Head:

The mean of household size is 6.78 and 5.03 for male and female household head respectively.
The 1st quartile, median and 3rd quartile of household size which is headed by male are 5, 6 and
8, and for female, values are 3, 5 and 6 respectively. The standard deviation of household size
is 3.29 and 2.49 for household which is headed by male and female respectively. This is
explained with the help of bar graph and box plot of household size over gender in Figure1.3.
The box plot of hhsize over gender(head) shows that variation and median size of household
size are greater for those households which are headed by male than female.
Figure 1.3: Mean and Median of Household Size Over Gender(Head)

Mean of Household Size over Gender(head) Median of Household Size over Gender(head)
6.79
5.04
0 2 4 6 8 0 10 20 30 40 50
Household size Household size
male female male female
Household Size Over Province:

The mean and median of hhsize are 7.17 and 7, 6.15 and 6, 6.36 and 6, and 8.4 and 8 for KPK,
Punjab, Sind and Baluchistan respectively. The standard deviation is 3.64 for KPK, 2.85 for
Punjab, 2.95 for Sind and 4.20 for Baluchistan which is highest than other provinces.
Figure 1.4: Mean and Median of Household Size over Province

Mean of Household Size over Province Median of Household Size over Province
7.17
6.15
6.36
8.41
0 2 4 6 8 0 10 20 30 40 50
Household Size Household Size
kpk punjab kpk punjab

sindh balochistan sindh balochistan
The bar and box graphs in figure 1.4 show that mean and median of hhsize for Baluchistan is
highest than other provinces, whereas outside values in box plot for KPK are larger than other
provinces because it contains maximum value which is 47.
Household Size over Region:

The mean size of household for rural is 6.74, whereas for urban it is 6.39, which shows that the
average household size for rural area is greater than urban area in Pakistan. The standard
deviation of hhsize for rural is 3.31 and for urban it is 3.15. The 1st quartile for hhsize over
region is 5 for rural and 4 for urban, whereas median (2nd quartile) and 3rd quartile values for
both regions are same which are 6 and 8 respectively. In figure 1.5, box plot shows that
variation of hhsize in rural area is greater than urban area because outside values in rural area
spread largely than urban area.
Figure 1.5: Household Size over Region
Mean of Household Size over Region Median of Household Size over Region
6.74
6.39
0 2 4 6 8 0 10 20 30 40 50
rural urban rural urban
Household Size over Province and Region:

The bar and box graphs over province and region helps to understand household size in depth
and visualize differences in hhsize across province and region. The mean of hhsize for rural is
greater than for urban in all provinces except for Baluchistan. The box plot shows that outside
values in rural are larger than urban in all provinces except Punjab.
Figure 1.6: Mean and Median of Household Size over Province and Region
Mean of Household Size over Province and Region

Median of Household Size over Province and Region
rural 7.28 6.19 6.54 8.35

rural
urban 6.99 6.09 5.85 8.59 urban
0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 40 50
Household Size over Province and Gender(head):

Bar and box graphs in figure 1.7 show mean and median of household size over province and
gender. The mean and median of household size for male is greater than female in all provinces
Figure 1.7: Household Size over Province and Gender of Household Head
Mean of hhsize over Province and Gender(head) Median of hhsize over Province and Gender(head)
male 7.55 6.34 6.41 8.45 male
female 5.45 4.80 4.66 5.64 female
0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 40 50

and Baluchistan has the highest difference between mean and median of hhsize based on gender
of household head than other three provinces. Box graph shows the variation of hhsize among
provinces based on gender of household head. The outside values of hhsize for all provinces
are larger for those households which are headed by male than female. It is clear in the figure
1.7 that the mean and median of hhsize based on gender have greater values for male than
female household head in all four provinces of Pakistan.
Household Size over Region and Gender of Household Head:

The average hhsize is greater than for those households which are headed by male than female
for both regions. The mean hhsize for rural is 6.92 and 5.07, whereas in urban, the average size
of hhsize is 6.54 and 4.98 for male and female respectively. The box plot shows that median
size of hhsize of male (head) is greater than female (head) in both regions. The outside values
are larger in those households which are headed by male than female in both regions.
Figure 1.8: Household Size over Region and Gender of Household Head
Mean of hhsize over Region and Gender(head) Median of hhsize over Region and Gender(head)
male 6.92 6.54 male
female 5.07 4.98 female
0 5 10 15 0 10 20 30 40 50
Per Capita Household Total Calorie Demanded per Month (PCH_CAL):

The mean and median of PCH_CAL are 61285.75 and 57530.99, whereas 1st quartile, 3rd
quartile and standard deviation are 47303, 70649.80 and 24523.83 respectively. Bar and box
plots represent mean and median of PCH_CAL. The values PCH_CAL of exceeding the upper
and lower adjacent values are called outside values and displayed as a marker in the box plot.
Figure 1.9: Mean and Median of PCH_CAL
Mean of PCH_CAL Median of PCH_CAL
61285.75
10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1.0e+06
PCH_CAL PCH_CAL
PCH_CAL Over Gender:
Bar and box plots show that there is a difference between PCH_CAL based on gender of
household head. Those households have higher PCH_CAL which are headed by female than
male based on mean and median standard, but the variation in male headed household is greater
than female headed household. The reason of this difference is that the hhsize of female headed
household is 5.04 which is less than the mean of male headed household 6.79.
Figure 1.10: Mean and Median of PCH_CAL over Gender
Gender-wise(head) Mean of PCH_CAL Gender-wise(head) Median of PCH_CAL
male
male 60541.36
female 68280.25 female
0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1.0e+06

PCH_CAL PCH_CAL
PCH_CAL Over Region:

There is a difference between PCH_CAL based on region. The average of PCH_CAL for rural
and urban regions is 62304.70 Kcal and 59361.97 Kcal respectively. The variation of
PCH_CAL for rural is larger than urban which is shown in box plot.
Figure 1.11: Mean and Median of PCH_CAL over Region
Region-wise Mean of PCH_CAL Region-wise Median of PCH_CAL
rural 62304.70 rural
urban 59361.97 urban
10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1.0e+06
PCH_CAL PCH_CAL
PCH_CAL Over Province:

Bar and box plots in figure 1.12 highlights mean and median of PCH_CAL based on provinces.
The average of PCH_CAL for KPK is 66645.27 Kcal which is the highest value than other
three provinces. The variation of PCH_CAL in Punjab is greater than other provinces which is
explained with the help of outside values in box plot in the figure 1.12.
Figure 1.12: Mean and Median of PCH_CAL over Province
Province-wise Mean of PCH_CAL Province-wise Median of PCH_CAL
66645.27
61401.79
58983.03
56600.08
10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1.0e+06
PCH_CAL PCH_CAL

Gender-wise (head) PCH_CAL over Region:

The overall mean and median of PCH_CAL are not much different based on region but regional
differences are higher based on gender of household head. The average of PCH_CAL for
female headed household in both rural and urban regions is higher than male headed
households. Outside values for male headed households in both rural and urban regions are
greater than female headed households.
Figure 1.13: Mean and Median of PCH_CAL over Gender (head) and Region
Gender-wise (head) Mean of PCH_CAL over Region Gender-wise (head) Median of PCH_CAL over Region
rural 61488.23 69948.86 rural
urban 58755.43 65100.09 urban
0 50,000 100000 150000 0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1.0e+06

PCH_CAL PCH_CAL
Gender-wise PCH_CAL over Province:

Figure 1.14 highlights the mean and median over gender (head) and province. The average of
PCH_CAL is greater for female headed households than male headed households in all
provinces except in Sind. Outside values in all provinces for male headed households are larger
than female headed households.
Figure 1.14: Mean and Median of PCH_CAL over Gender (head) and Province
Gender-wise (head) Mean of PCH_CAL over Province Gender-wise (head) Median of PCH_CAL over Province
male 64937.73 60778.11 59015.30 56508.76 male
female 74498.81 65912.34 57917.70 62568.70 female
0 50,000 100000 150000 200000 250000 0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1.0e+06
PCH_CAL PCH_CAL

PCH_CAL over Province and Region:
In figure 1.15, the average of PCH_CAL for rural is greater than urban in all provinces except
in Baluchistan. The mean difference of PCH_CAL based on region is higher in KPK and
Punjab than Sind and Baluchistan. The variation of PCH_CAL in rural area is greater than
urban area in all provinces.
Figure 1.15: Mean and Median of PCH_CAL over Province and Region
Mean of PCH_CAL over Province and Region Median of PCH_CAL over Province and Region
rural 68393.53 63332.81 59520.00 56379.67 rural
urban 63660.71 58675.54 57475.81 57273.71 urban
0 50,000 100000 150000 200000 250000 0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1.0e+06
PCH_CAL PCH_CAL

Per Capita Household Total Nominal Expenditures per Month (PCE):

The average of PCE is Rs.4547.46 and median is Rs. 3595.21, whereas 1st, 3rd quartiles and
standard deviation are Rs.2651.73, Rs.5141.86 and Rs.3948.14 respectively.
Figure 1.16: Mean and Median of PCE
Mean of PCE Median of PCE
4547.46
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 0 50,000 100000 150000

PCE PCE
PCE over Gender (head):

The mean and median of PCE are Rs.4454.55 and Rs.3519.94 for male headed household, and
for female headed households the values are rs.5420.48 and Rs.4417.12 respectively. The
variation of PCE is greater in those households which are headed by female than male but
outside values are higher in male than female headed households which is shown in the box
plot in figure 1.17.
Figure 1.17: Mean and Median of PCE based on Gender (head)
Gender-wise(head) Mean of PCE Gender-wise(head) Median of PCE
4454.55
5420.48
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 0 50,000 100000 150000

PCE PCE
PCE over Region:

The mean and median of PCE for rural are Rs.3717.11 and Rs.3203.26, whereas for urban
Rs.6115.17 and Rs.4664.02 respectively, which shows that the average nominal per capita
expenditures are higher in urban than rural. Outside values are also higher in urban than rural
which are shown in box plot of figure 1.18.
Figure 1.18: Mean and Median of PCE over Region
Region-wise Mean of PCE Region-wise Median of PCE
3717.11
6115.17
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 0 50,000 100000 150000

PCE PCE
PCE over Province:

The average of PCE for Punjab and KPK is almost same, which is Rs.5008.84 and Rs.4948.22
respectively. The average per capita nominal total expenditures are Rs.3553.98 for Baluchistan,
Figure 1.19: Mean and Median of PCE over Province
Mean of PCE over Province Median of PCE over Province
4948.22
5008.84
3920.02
3553.98
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 0 50,000 100000 150000

PCE PCE

whereas for Sind it is Rs.3920.02. Outside values are higher in Punjab than other three
provinces which is shown in box plot in figure 1.19.
PCE over Province and Gender (head):
The average of PCE is the highest in all provinces for female than male headed households.
The average difference of PCE based on gender of household head is the highest in Sind than
other three provinces. Outside values are higher for male than female headed households in all
four provinces which is shown in box plot of figure 1.20.
Figure 1.20: Mean and Median of PCE over Province and Gender (head)
Mean of PCE over Province and Gender(head) Median of PCE over Province and Gender(head)
male 4849.34 4949.48 3870.85 3540.20 male
female 5403.02 5438.18 5543.42 4454.63 female
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 0 50,000 100000 150000

PCE PCE

PCE over Province and Region:

The mean and median of PCE for rural are smaller than urban for all provinces. The average
difference of PCE is the highest in Sind than other three provinces based on region. The
variation of PCE is highest in urban than rural in case of all provinces which is shown in box
plot in figure 1.21
Figure 1.21: Mean and Median of PCE over Province and Region
Mean of PCE over Province and Region Median of PCE over Province and Region
4145.09
4119.01 rural
rural
3173.16
3197.89
6319.29
6265.13
urban urban
6016.37
4642.28
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 0 50,000 100000 150000

PCE PCE

PCE over Region and Gender (head):

The mean of PCE is higher for female than male headed households in both regions but the
difference is greater in urban than rural area. Outside values are higher for male headed
households than female in both regions which is shown in box plot of figure 1.22.
Figure 1.22: Mean and Median of PCE over Region and Gender (head)
Mean of PCE over Region and Gender (head) Median of PCE over Region and Gender(head)
3625.37
male male
6018.49
4576.07
female female
7029.84
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 0 50,000 100000 150000

PCE PCE
Per Capita Household Total Nominal Food Expenditures per Month (PCFE):
The average of PCFE is Rs.2029.21, whereas 1st quartile, median and 3rd quartile are
Rs.1336.33, Rs.1755.34 and Rs.2368.24 respectively. Standard deviation of PCFE is
Rs.1271.94.
Figure 1.23: Mean and Median of PCFE
Mean of PCFE Median of PCFE
2029.21
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000

PCFE PCFE
PCFE Over Gender (head):

Bar and box plot in figure 1.24 show that mean and median of PCFE are greater for those
households which are headed by female than male but the variation is greater for male than
female.
Figure 1.24: Mean and Median of PCFE Over Gender (head)
Gender-wise(head) Mean of PCFE Gender-wise(head) Median of PCFE
1999.25
2310.80
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000

PCFE PCFE

PCFE Over Region:
Bar and box plot in figure 1.24 show that mean and median of PCFE are greater in urban than
rural. Outside values and standard deviation are also larger in urban than rural.
Figure 1.24: Mean and Median of PCFE Over Region
Region-wise Mean of PCFE Region-wise Median of PCFE
1879.68
2311.54
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000

PCFE PCFE
PCFE Over Province:

Bar and box plot in figure 1.25 show that average of PCFE is maximum for KPK and minimum
for Baluchistan, whereas the standard deviation is maximum for KPK.
Figure 1.25: Mean and Median of PCFE Over Province
Mean of PCFE Over Province Median of PCFE Over Province
2194.91
2057.41
1961.72
1760.14
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000

PCFE PCFE

PCFE Over Province and Gender (head):

Bar and box plot in figure 1.26 show that the average of PCFE is greater for female than male
headed households in four provinces, but outside values are larger for male than female in all
provinces.
Figure 1.26: Mean and Median of PCFE Over Province and Gender (head)
Mean of PCFE Over Province and Gender(head) Median of PCFE Over Province and Gender(head)
male 2140.39 2037.86 1946.18 1755.81 male
female 2445.63 2198.83 2474.92 2043.42 female
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000

PCFE PCFE
PCFE Over Province and Region:
Bar and box plot in figure 1.27 show that mean and median of PCFE are greater for urban than
rural in all four provinces. Outside values are larger for urban than rural in all provinces.
Figure 1.27: Mean and Median of PCFE Over Province and Region
Mean of PCFE Over Province and Region Median of PCFE over Province and Region
rural 2095.96 1919.30 1769.63 1692.37 rural
urban 2363.83 2252.40 2500.91 1967.26 urban
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000

PCFE PCFE

PCFE Over Region and Gender (head):

Bar and box plot in figure 1.28 show that mean and median of PCFE for urban are greater than
rural for both male and female headed households but the outside values are larger for male
headed households for both regions than female.
Figure 1.28: Mean and Median of PCFE Over Region and Gender (head)
Mean of PCFE Over Region and Gender(head) Median of PCFE Over Region and Gender(head)
1845.27
male male
2289.66
2201.81
female female
2518.51
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000

PCFE PCFE
Per Capita Household Total Nominal Non-Food Expenditures per Month (PCNFE):
Mean and median of PCNFE are Rs.2518.25 and Rs.1767.67 respectively. 1st quartile, 3rd
quartile and standard deviations are Rs.1175.95, Rs.2823.13 and Rs.3044.51 respectively.
Mean and median are shown in bar and box plot in figure 1.29.
Figure 1.29: Mean and Median of PCNFE
Mean of PCNFE Median of PCNFE
2518.25
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 0 50,000 100000

PCNFE PCNFE
PCNFE Over Gender (head):
Bar and box plot in figure 1.30 show that mean and median of PCNFE are greater for those
households which are headed by female than male but outside values are greater for male than
female.
Figure 1.30: Mean and Median of PCNFE Over Gender (head)
Gender-wise(head) Mean of PCNFE Gender-wise(head) Median of PCNFE
2455.30
3109.68
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 0 50,000 100000

PCNFE PCFE
PCNFE Over Region:

Bar and box plot in figure 1.31 show that mean and median of PCNFE are greater in urban than
rural. Outside values and standard deviation are also larger in urban than rural.
Figure 1.31: Mean and Median of PCNFE Over Region
Region-wise Mean of PCNFE Region-wise Median of PCNFE
1837.43
3803.63
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 0 50,000 100000

PCNFE PCNFE
PCNFE Over Province:

Bar and box plot in figure 1.32 show that average of PCNFE is maximum for Punjab and
minimum for Baluchistan, whereas the standard deviation and outside values are also larger for
Punjab than other provinces.
Figure 1.32: Mean and Median of PCNFE Over Province
Mean of PCNFE Over Province Median of PCNFE Over Province
2753.32
2951.43
1958.30
1793.84
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 0 50,000 100000

PCNFE PCNFE

PCNFE Over Province and Gender (head):
Bar and box plot in figure 1.33 show that the average of PCNFE is greater for female than male
headed households in four provinces, but outside values are larger for male than female in all
provinces.
Figure 1.33: Mean and Median of PCNFE Over Province and Gender (head)
Mean of PCNFE Over Province and Gender(head) Median of PCNFE Over Province and Gender(head)
2708.95
2911.62
male male
1924.67
1784.39
2957.39
3239.35
female female
3068.50
2411.21
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 0 50,000 100000

PCNFE PCNFE

PCFE Over Province and Region:

Bar and box plot in figure 1.34 show that mean and median of PCNFE are greater for urban
than rural in all four provinces. Outside values are larger for urban than rural in all provinces.
Figure 1.34: Mean and Median of PCNFE Over Province and Region
Mean of PCNFE over Province and Region Median of PCNFE over Province and Region
2049.13
2199.71 rural
rural
1403.53
1505.51
3955.47
4012.72
urban urban
3515.46
2675.03
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 0 50,000 100000

PCNFE PCNFE
PCFE Over Region and Gender (head):

Bar and box plot in figure 1.35 show that mean and median of PCNFE for urban are greater
than rural for both male and female headed households but the outside values are larger for
male headed households for both regions than female.
Figure 1.35: Mean and Median of PCNFE Over Region and Gender (head)
Mean of PCNFE Over Region and Gender(head) Median of PCNFE Over Region and Gender(head)
1780.10
male male
3728.83
2374.25
female female
4511.32
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 0 50,000 100000

PCNFE PCNFE

Nonparametric Estimations:
It is generally considered that there is a nonlinear relationship between calorie intake/demand
and total expenditures/income. Nonparametric estimation techniques help to analyse regression
relationships without prior parameter restrictions. For nonparametric analysis, Kernel density
function and Lowess smoother techniques are used to analyse univariate and bivariate
respectively.
Kernel Density Function:
Figure 1.36 shows Kernel density estimates of LPCE and LPCH_CAL. The Kernel density
estimate of LPCH_CAL has the same pattern as of LPCE but it is more diffusely distributed
than the latter. This suggest that LPCH_CAL follows a similar pattern as LPCE, which means
that as per capita household expenditures increase, per capita household calorie demand
increases and vice versa.
Figure 1.36: Kernel Density Estimates of LPCE and LPCH_CAL
Kernel Density Estimate of LPCE Kernel Density Estimate of LPCH_CAL

1.5
.8
.6
1
Density
Density
.4
.5
.2
0
0
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
LPCE LPCH_CAL
kernel = epanechnikov, bandwidth = 0.0623 kernel = epanechnikov, bandwidth = 0.0377
Kernel, Student' s t and Normal Density Estimates Plot Kernel, Student' s t and Normal Density Estimates Plot
1.5
.8
.6
1
Density
Density
.4
.5
.2
0
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
LPCE LPCH_CAL
Kernel density estimate Kernel density estimate

Normal density Normal density
t density, df = 1 t density, df = 1
kernel = epanechnikov, bandwidth = 0.0623 kernel = epanechnikov, bandwidth = 0.0377
Figure 1.37 shows Lowess smoother estimates of LPCE and LPCH_CAL, which represents a
nonlinear relationship between LPCH_CAL and LPCE. The shape of the curve indicates that
poor households are more responsive to increase calorie demand than rich households due to
increase in household expenditures/income.
Figure 1.37: Lowess Smoother Estimates of LPCE and LPCH_CAL
14
Lowess smoother
14
12
LPCH_CAL
12
10
LPCH_CAL
10
8
6
8
6 8 10 12
LPCE
log of per capita household expenditures per month (Rs.)

6
Linear Fit
6 8 10 12 Quadratic Fit
LPCE
Lowess Fit
bandwidth = .8
Parametric and Semi-Parametric Analysis:

Table1.3 shows four OLS regression models in which LPCH_CAL is a dependent variable.
The coefficient of LPCE is positive and significant in all four models of OLS regression which
support the idea that as expenditures/income-calorie elasticity is different from zero. The
household size has a significant negative effect on calorie demand in all models of OLS
regression. All the coefficients of age proportion are negative and significant except DEM1217
which clearly show that households with high proportion of adults demand more calorie than
children. The point estimate of gender of household head is also significant and supporting the
idea that household which is headed by female demanded more calorie than male headed
household. The coefficients of age of household head (Age_head) and F_hh_lit are
insignificant but the education of household head is negative and significant. The regional and
provincial variables are also significant and show that households in rural area and KPK
demanded more calorie than urban area and other three provinces of Pakistan. The point
estimate of piped water has a negative and significant effect on calorie demand. The
coefficients for both Farmer and NonFarmer are positive and significant. There are also
seasonal differences in calorie demand which is captured through 4 quarters of the year 2013-
14 in which data is collected. The point estimates are negative but significant for Q2 and Q4 at
1% and 5% of significance level respectively.
Table 1.3: OLS Regression Results (Dependent Variable is LPCH_CAL)
Variable Model A Model B Model C Model D
LPCE 0.322*** 0.329*** 0.328*** 0.328***

(0.00768) (0.00775) (0.00779) (0.00779)
hhsize -0.00687*** -0.00695*** -0.00652*** -0.00654***
(0.000834) (0.000832) (0.000831) (0.000832)
DEMU5 -0.300*** -0.302*** -0.298*** -0.298***
(0.0174) (0.0173) (0.0172) (0.0172)
DEM611 -0.153*** -0.152*** -0.145*** -0.145***
(0.0137) (0.0136) (0.0136) (0.0136)
DEM1217 -0.0249 -0.0232 -0.0149 -0.0152
(0.0238) (0.0236) (0.0238) (0.0238)
hh_head_F 0.0269* 0.0283** 0.0310** 0.0301**
(0.0138) (0.0138) (0.0136) (0.0136)
Age_head 0.000106 0.000135 0.000111 0.000112
(0.000238) (0.000238) (0.000235) (0.000235)
EDUHD -0.00283*** -0.00255*** -0.00232*** -0.00230***
(0.000593) (0.000589) (0.000589) (0.000589)
urban -0.190*** -0.169*** -0.161*** -0.162***
(0.00522) (0.00564) (0.00568) (0.00580)
Punjab -0.0925*** -0.107*** -0.108*** -0.108***
(0.00583) (0.00605) (0.00604) (0.00602)
Sind -0.0747*** -0.0790*** -0.0834*** -0.0834***
(0.00629) (0.00629) (0.00634) (0.00634)
Baloch -0.0718*** -0.0693*** -0.0702*** -0.0699***
(0.00749) (0.00754) (0.00754) (0.00754)
F_hh_lit -0.0107 -0.0109 -0.00967 -0.00884
(0.0163) (0.0163) (0.0161) (0.0161)
piped_water -0.0702*** -0.0673*** -0.0676***
(0.00600) (0.00600) (0.00600)
Farmer 0.115*** 0.115***
(0.00802) (0.00803)
NonFarmer 0.0158*** 0.0157***
(0.00492) (0.00492)
Q2 -0.0130**
(0.00613)
Q3 -0.00603
(0.00863)
Q4 -0.0134***
(0.00513)
Constant 8.557*** 8.518*** 8.508*** 8.518***
(0.0619) (0.0621) (0.0629) (0.0629)
Observations 17,975 17,975 17,975 17,975

R-squared 0.331 0.338 0.343 0.344
Robust standard errors in parentheses

*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1
hh_head_M, rural, KPK, M_hh_lit and Q1 are taking as base.
Histogram:
Histogram of LPCE with Normal and Kernel Density Plots Histogram of LPCH_CAL with Normal and Kernel Density Plots
1.5
.8
.6
1
Density
Density
.4
.5
.2
0
0
6 8 10 12 6 8 10 12 14
LPCE LPCH_CAL
Density Density
Kdensity Kdensity
Normal Normal
Region-wise Normal and Kdensity Plots of LPCE Region-wise Normal and Kdensity Plots of LPCH_CAL
rural urban 1.5 rural urban
1
1
Density
Density
.5
.5
0
6 8 10 12 6 8 10 12 6 8 10 12 14 6 8 10 12 14
LPCE LPCH_CAL
Density Density
Kdensity Kdensity
Normal Normal
Graphs by region Graphs by region
Province-wise Normal and Kdensity Plots of LPCE Province-wise Normal and Kdensity Plots LPCH_CAL
1
1.5
1
.5
.5
Density
Density
0

1.5
1
1
.5
.5
0
6 8 10 12 6 8 10 12 6 8 10 12 14 6 8 10 12 14
LPCE LPCH_CAL
Density Density
Kdensity Kdensity
Normal Normal
Graphs by province Graphs by province
Gender-wise Normal and Kdensity Plots of LPCE Gender-wise Normal and Kdensity Plots LPCH_CAL
1
1.5
1
Density
Density
.5
.5
0
0
6 8 10 12 6 8 10 12 6 8 10 12 14 6 8 10 12 14
LPCE LPCH_CAL
Density Density
Kdensity Kdensity
Normal Normal
Graphs by gender of person Graphs by gender of person
Table 1.4: Quantile Regression Results (Dependent Variable is (LPCH_CAL)
VARIABLES Model A Model B Model C Model D
LPCE 0.336*** 0.345*** 0.345*** 0.344***

(0.00478) (0.00472) (0.00481) (0.00481)
hhsize -0.00814*** -0.00778*** -0.00746*** -0.00758***
(0.000738) (0.000726) (0.000740) (0.000740)
DEMU5 -0.384*** -0.376*** -0.377*** -0.380***
(0.0150) (0.0147) (0.0150) (0.0151)
DEM611 -0.176*** -0.186*** -0.174*** -0.175***
(0.0138) (0.0136) (0.0139) (0.0139)
DEM1217 -0.0434*** -0.0490*** -0.0420*** -0.0435***
(0.0150) (0.0148) (0.0151) (0.0151)
hh_head_F 0.0319** 0.0327*** 0.0358*** 0.0353***
(0.0126) (0.0124) (0.0126) (0.0126)
Age_head -0.000122 -9.79e-05 -0.000142 -0.000155
(0.000165) (0.000163) (0.000166) (0.000166)
EDUHD -0.00305*** -0.00274*** -0.00257*** -0.00261***
(0.000488) (0.000480) (0.000489) (0.000489)
urban -0.179*** -0.158*** -0.148*** -0.149***
(0.00446) (0.00464) (0.00476) (0.00489)
Punjab -0.0824*** -0.0952*** -0.0988*** -0.1000***
(0.00542) (0.00542) (0.00552) (0.00552)
Sind -0.0676*** -0.0733*** -0.0829*** -0.0831***
(0.00595) (0.00586) (0.00598) (0.00598)
Baloch -0.0647*** -0.0626*** -0.0611*** -0.0631***
(0.00792) (0.00780) (0.00793) (0.00794)
F_hh_lit -0.0138 -0.0172 -0.0202 -0.0199
(0.0143) (0.0141) (0.0143) (0.0143)
piped_water -0.0738*** -0.0708*** -0.0714***
(0.00494) (0.00503) (0.00503)
Farmer 0.115*** 0.115***
(0.00868) (0.00868)
NonFarmer 0.0317*** 0.0323***
(0.00436) (0.00436)
Q2 -0.0126**
(0.00550)
Q3 -0.00266
(0.00809)
Q4 -0.00804*
(0.00488)
Constant 8.481*** 8.419*** 8.406*** 8.420***
(0.0428) (0.0422) (0.0432) (0.0434)
Observations 17,975 17,975 17,975 17,975

Standard errors in parentheses
*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1
hh_head_M, rural, KPK, M_hh_lit and Q1 are taking as base.
Table 1.5: Bootstrapped Quantile Regression Results (Dependent Variable is
(LPCH_CAL)
VARIABLES Model_A Model_B Model_C Model_D
LPCE 0.336*** 0.345*** 0.345*** 0.344***

(0.00571) (0.00562) (0.00524) (0.00616)
hhsize -0.00814*** -0.00778*** -0.00746*** -0.00758***
(0.000775) (0.000799) (0.000750) (0.000720)
DEMU5 -0.384*** -0.376*** -0.377*** -0.380***
(0.0160) (0.0160) (0.0158) (0.0159)
DEM611 -0.176*** -0.186*** -0.174*** -0.175***
(0.0122) (0.0116) (0.0133) (0.0146)
DEM1217 -0.0434*** -0.0490*** -0.0420*** -0.0435***
(0.0150) (0.0142) (0.0137) (0.0159)
hh_head_F 0.0319** 0.0327* 0.0358** 0.0353**
(0.0128) (0.0183) (0.0148) (0.0164)
Age_head -0.000122 -9.79e-05 -0.000142 -0.000155
(0.000166) (0.000130) (0.000159) (0.000149)
EDUHD -0.00305*** -0.00274*** -0.00257*** -0.00261***
(0.000513) (0.000529) (0.000472) (0.000487)
urban -0.179*** -0.158*** -0.148*** -0.149***
(0.00444) (0.00435) (0.00514) (0.00431)
Punjab -0.0824*** -0.0952*** -0.0988*** -0.1000***
(0.00644) (0.00558) (0.00481) (0.00509)
Sind -0.0676*** -0.0733*** -0.0829*** -0.0831***
(0.00612) (0.00623) (0.00569) (0.00554)
Baloch -0.0647*** -0.0626*** -0.0611*** -0.0631***
(0.00683) (0.00620) (0.00614) (0.00704)
F_hh_lit -0.0138 -0.0172 -0.0202 -0.0199
(0.0173) (0.0195) (0.0176) (0.0184)
piped_water -0.0738*** -0.0708*** -0.0714***
(0.00507) (0.00572) (0.00535)
Farmer 0.115*** 0.115***
(0.00928) (0.00959)
NonFarmer 0.0317*** 0.0323***
(0.00386) (0.00467)
Q2 -0.0126**
(0.00509)
Q3 -0.00266
(0.00787)
Q4 -0.00804*
(0.00447)
Constant 8.481*** 8.419*** 8.406*** 8.420***
(0.0527) (0.0499) (0.0448) (0.0522)
Observations 17,975 17,975 17,975 17,975

*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1
Table 1.6: Interquantile Regression Results (Dependent Variable is
(LPCH_CAL)
LPCE 0.0927*** 0.0901*** 0.0824*** 0.0832***

(0.00668) (0.00651) (0.00701) (0.00683)
hhsize 0.00315*** 0.00298*** 0.00257** 0.00279**
(0.000868) (0.000994) (0.00101) (0.00111)
DEMU5 0.0821*** 0.0931*** 0.0814*** 0.0808***
(0.0219) (0.0194) (0.0184) (0.0216)
DEM611 0.0436** 0.0509*** 0.0410** 0.0367*
(0.0195) (0.0194) (0.0173) (0.0200)
DEM1217 -0.00150 -0.00317 -0.00914 -0.0116
(0.0185) (0.0194) (0.0170) (0.0224)
hh_head_F 0.0183 0.0361** 0.0351** 0.0390**
(0.0187) (0.0165) (0.0158) (0.0172)
Age_head -0.000257 -0.000182 -0.000144 -0.000175
(0.000206) (0.000233) (0.000250) (0.000240)
EDUHD -0.000558 -0.000407 -0.000268 -0.000226
(0.000624) (0.000672) (0.000802) (0.000664)
urban -0.00714 -0.0261*** -0.0228*** -0.0233***
(0.00568) (0.00614) (0.00583) (0.00670)
Punjab 0.0257*** 0.0310*** 0.0355*** 0.0364***
(0.00617) (0.00701) (0.00756) (0.00691)
Sind 0.0303*** 0.0208** 0.0241*** 0.0259***
(0.00745) (0.00810) (0.00762) (0.00776)
Baloch -0.0192** -0.0187** -0.0175* -0.0164*
(0.00951) (0.00934) (0.00999) (0.00978)
F_hh_lit -0.0136 -0.0271 -0.0255 -0.0284
(0.0200) (0.0204) (0.0173) (0.0184)
piped_water 0.0365*** 0.0385*** 0.0378***
(0.00723) (0.00673) (0.00663)
Farmer -0.0191* -0.0194*
(0.0105) (0.0105)
NonFarmer -0.0105* -0.0102*
(0.00538) (0.00555)
Q2 0.0109
(0.00676)
Q3 0.0120
(0.0108)
Q4 0.00446
(0.00594)
Constant -0.523*** -0.510*** -0.446*** -0.459***
(0.0606) (0.0581) (0.0614) (0.0601)
Observations 17,975 17,975 17,975 17,975

*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1
Table 1.7: Simultaneous quantile regression (Dependent Variable is (LPCH_CAL)
LPCE 0.336*** 0.345*** 0.345*** 0.344***

(0.00492) (0.00524) (0.00599) (0.00660)
hhsize -0.00814*** -0.00778*** -0.00746*** -0.00758***
(0.000762) (0.000768) (0.000866) (0.000821)
DEMU5 -0.384*** -0.376*** -0.377*** -0.380***
(0.0154) (0.0163) (0.0141) (0.0165)
DEM611 -0.176*** -0.186*** -0.174*** -0.175***
(0.0127) (0.0139) (0.0135) (0.0158)
DEM1217 -0.0434*** -0.0490*** -0.0420*** -0.0435***
(0.0123) (0.0154) (0.0144) (0.0143)
hh_head_F 0.0319** 0.0327* 0.0358*** 0.0353**
(0.0135) (0.0188) (0.0138) (0.0158)
Age_head -0.000122 -9.79e-05 -0.000142 -0.000155
(0.000160) (0.000147) (0.000150) (0.000172)
EDUHD -0.00305*** -0.00274*** -0.00257*** -0.00261***
(0.000580) (0.000423) (0.000460) (0.000469)
urban -0.179*** -0.158*** -0.148*** -0.149***
(0.00424) (0.00525) (0.00520) (0.00540)
Punjab -0.0824*** -0.0952*** -0.0988*** -0.1000***
(0.00557) (0.00581) (0.00459) (0.00548)
Sind -0.0676*** -0.0733*** -0.0829*** -0.0831***
(0.00623) (0.00552) (0.00543) (0.00614)
Baloch -0.0647*** -0.0626*** -0.0611*** -0.0631***
(0.00690) (0.00662) (0.00693) (0.00688)
F_hh_lit -0.0138 -0.0172 -0.0202 -0.0199
(0.0149) (0.0199) (0.0159) (0.0169)
piped_water -0.0738*** -0.0708*** -0.0714***
(0.00550) (0.00513) (0.00512)
Farmer 0.115*** 0.115***
(0.0101) (0.0111)
NonFarmer 0.0317*** 0.0323***
(0.00459) (0.00412)
Q2 -0.0126**
(0.00551)
Q3 -0.00266
(0.00794)
Q4 -0.00804*
(0.00475)
Constant 8.481*** 8.419*** 8.406*** 8.420***
(0.0431) (0.0441) (0.0498) (0.0566)
Observations 17,975 17,975 17,975 17,975

*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1
40,000
38755.35
34224.76
33523.63
32672.95
30,000
20,000
10,000
kpk punjab sindh balochistan

40,000
40142.45
33773.00 34408.34
32870.64
30,000
20,000
10,000

40,000
36442.14
30,000
30424.59
20,000
10,000
rural urban
40,000
37130.22
30,000
30766.07
20,000
10,000
rural urban
wheat & wheat flour rice& rice flour
36405.80 36766.40
30454.89 30437.63
maize,barley,jawar and miller(whole &flour) suji,maida,baisin
39780.77 39522.75
33732.94 32183.92
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000

mean of PEACAL_C
rural urban
Graphs by itc
39239.70 39174.34
33321.11 33549.78
32556.68 32789.76
34316.56 34653.00
43025.78 43070.00
35821.18 35593.51
29006.74 34414.33
29045.02 34997.31
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000

mean of PEACAL_C
kpk punjab
sindh balochistan
Graphs by itc
142.74 148.73
165.54 169.21
178.12 195.33
223.17 215.01
0 50 100 150 200 250 0 50 100 150 200 250

mean of P_cereals
rural urban
Graphs by itc
163.24 168.82
152.63 158.91
136.65 137.54
157.95 176.95
187.22 208.07
222.46 206.01
145.59 186.82
228.36 236.70
0 50 100 150 200 250 0 50 100 150 200 250

mean of P_cereals
kpk punjab
sindh balochistan
Graphs by itc
34.61
kpk
65.39
33.31
punjab
66.69
33.59
sindh
66.41
35.26
balochistan
64.74
0 20 40 60 80
percent
mean of PEACAL_C mean of PEAHH_CAL
34.73
rural
65.27
32.00
urban
68.00
0 20 40 60 80
percent
mean of PEACAL_C mean of PEAHH_CAL

8.20
rural
91.80
6.40
urban
93.60
0 20 40 60 80 100
percent
mean of PCE_C mean of PCFE
7.17
kpk
92.83
7.17
punjab
92.83
7.68
sindh
92.32
9.82
balochistan
90.18
0 20 40 60 80 100
percent

13.73 3.44
kpk 86.27 kpk 96.56
12.35 3.99
punjab 87.65 punjab 96.01
12.18 5.84
sindh 87.82 sindh 94.16
16.36 4.76
balochistan 83.64 balochistan 95.24
4.29 0.39
kpk 95.71 kpk 99.61
0.86 0.37
punjab 99.14 punjab 99.63
4.25 0.45
sindh 95.75 sindh 99.55
2.54 0.57
balochistan 97.46 balochistan 99.43
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
percent
Graphs by itc
.5
.4
.3 Kernel density estimate
Density
.2
.1
0
0 2 4 6 8
log of per capita household expenditure per month on cereals
kernel = epanechnikov, bandwidth = 0.1514
Kernel density estimate

1.5
1
Density
.5
0
6 8 10 12 14
log of per equivalent adult per household demand for calories per month from cer
Lowess smoother
14
12
10
8
6
6 8 10 12
log of Per Capita household total nominal expenditure per month
bandwidth = .8
2,000
1729.63
1490.05
1,500
1313.72
1220.08
1,000
500
0

2,000
1680.02
1,500
1423.59
1,000
500
0
rural urban
2006.62
2,000
1,500
1474.46
1,000
500
0
male female
gram (whole) black&white dal chana mash
1776.23 1354.48 1487.77
1696.97 1622.92 1828.13
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000
moong masoor
1293.16 1450.27
1592.27 1707.59
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000

mean of PEACAL_P
rural urban
Graphs by itc
1377.63 1227.16 1443.73

1864.03 1720.11 1747.32
1626.70 1144.02 1491.84
1615.20 1499.11 1675.27
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000
moong masoor
1429.40 1131.90
1576.94 1789.30
1124.13 1282.67
1328.08 1444.98
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000

mean of PEACAL_P
kpk punjab
sindh balochistan
Graphs by itc
410.64 305.74 404.80
426.41 371.08 427.04
0 100 200 300 400
moong masoor
347.47 369.40
408.70 423.16
0 100 200 300 400 0 100 200 300 400

mean of P_pulses
rural urban
Graphs by itc
12.91 11.38 14.22
13.09 10.05 13.92
0 5 10 15
moong masoor
14.48 12.77
13.34 12.78
0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15
mean of PCE_P
rural urban
Graphs by itc
14.45 11.99 16.40

12.04 9.64 12.41
12.76 11.35 13.12
17.21 14.01 20.09
0 5 10 15 20
moong masoor
15.89 10.56
12.01 11.60
15.61 14.79
18.40 16.53
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
mean of PCE_P
kpk punjab
sindh balochistan
Graphs by itc
1.75
kpk
98.25
2.50
punjab
97.50
1.88
sindh
98.12
2.32
balochistan
97.68
0 20 40 60 80 100
percent
mean of PEACAL_P mean of PEAHH_CAL
2.02
rural
97.98
2.53
urban
97.47
0 20 40 60 80 100
percent
mean of PEACAL_P mean of PEAHH_CAL

.8
.6 Kernel density estimate
Density
.4
.2
0
4 6 8 10 12 14
log of per equivalent adult per household demand for calories per month from Pul
Kernel density estimate

.6
.4
Density
.2
0
0 2 4 6 8
log of per capita household expenditure per month on Pulses
Lowess smoother
14
12
10
8
6
4
6 8 10 12
log of Per Capita household total nominal expenditure per month
bandwidth = .8
Percentage Share Over Quarters

41.91
40
30
25.70
24.40
percent
20
10
7.99
0
1 2 3 4

Descriptive Statistics and Data Visualization

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Descriptive Statistics and Data Visualization

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Descriptive Statistics and Data Visualization

Table 1.1: Variables and Labelling

Descriptive Statistics of Continuous Variables:

Table 1.2: Summary Statistics of Continuous Variables

Mean of Household Size Median of Household Size

Household Size over Gender of Household Head:

Figure 1.3: Mean and Median of Household Size Over Gender(Head)

male female male female

Household Size Over Province:

Figure 1.4: Mean and Median of Household Size over Province

kpk punjab kpk punjab

Household Size over Region:

rural urban rural urban

Household Size over Province and Region:

Mean of Household Size over Province and Region

rural 7.28 6.19 6.54 8.35

urban 6.99 6.09 5.85 8.59 urban

Household Size over Province and Gender(head):

male 7.55 6.34 6.41 8.45 male

female 5.45 4.80 4.66 5.64 female

kpk punjab kpk punjab

Household Size over Region and Gender of Household Head:

male 6.92 6.54 male

female 5.07 4.98 female

rural urban rural urban

Per Capita Household Total Calorie Demanded per Month (PCH_CAL):

Mean of PCH_CAL Median of PCH_CAL

Gender-wise(head) Mean of PCH_CAL Gender-wise(head) Median of PCH_CAL

female 68280.25 female

0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1.0e+06

PCH_CAL Over Region:

Region-wise Mean of PCH_CAL Region-wise Median of PCH_CAL

rural 62304.70 rural

urban 59361.97 urban

PCH_CAL Over Province:

kpk punjab kpk punjab

Gender-wise (head) PCH_CAL over Region:

rural 61488.23 69948.86 rural

urban 58755.43 65100.09 urban

0 50,000 100000 150000 0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1.0e+06

male female male female

Gender-wise PCH_CAL over Province:

male 64937.73 60778.11 59015.30 56508.76 male

female 74498.81 65912.34 57917.70 62568.70 female

kpk punjab kpk punjab

rural 68393.53 63332.81 59520.00 56379.67 rural

urban 63660.71 58675.54 57475.81 57273.71 urban

kpk punjab kpk punjab

Per Capita Household Total Nominal Expenditures per Month (PCE):

Mean of PCE Median of PCE

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 0 50,000 100000 150000

PCE over Gender (head):

Gender-wise(head) Mean of PCE Gender-wise(head) Median of PCE

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 0 50,000 100000 150000

male female male female

PCE over Region:

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 0 50,000 100000 150000

rural urban rural urban

PCE over Province:

Mean of PCE over Province Median of PCE over Province

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 0 50,000 100000 150000

kpk punjab kpk punjab

male 4849.34 4949.48 3870.85 3540.20 male

female 5403.02 5438.18 5543.42 4454.63 female

LPCE 0.322* 0.329* 0.328* 0.328*

LPCE 0.336* 0.345* 0.345* 0.344*

LPCE 0.336* 0.345* 0.345* 0.344*

LPCE 0.0927* 0.0901* 0.0824* 0.0832*

LPCE 0.336* 0.345* 0.345* 0.344*