Chapter 2

METHODS

The research methods used to conduct the study are clearly defined in this

chapter. This chapter described how the data and information needed to address the

research objectives and questions were gathered, presented, and analyzed. This

chapter contains the following sections: Research Design, Research Locale,

Population and Sample, Research Instrument, Data Collection, and Statistical Tool.

Research Design

The quantitative non-experimental research design utilizing the descriptive

correlation techniques will be used in the study.

According to Bhandari (2021), A correlational study strategy examines

correlations between variables without the researcher intervening in or modifying any

of them. The degree and/or direction of the association between two (or more)

variables is reflected in a correlation. A correlation may go in either a positive or

negative direction.

Descriptive statistics refers to information that has been analyzed in order to

reveal the basic features of data collected or used in a study a common occurrence

when using descriptive data is the emergence of certain patterns that make it easy for

researchers to understand and make sense of data. The statistical data can either be

used for further research studies or as independent entity that can be used to make

conclusions (Fowler, 2013).

 This study will be descriptive because it aimed to prove facts or give

information about the entrepreneurial skills and business performance of the vendors.

This study was also correlational because it aimed to identify the relationship

between entrepreneurial skills and how it affects the business performance of the

vendors.

Research Locale

This study will be conducted in a night-market of Maco, one of the

municipalities in the province of Davao de Oro. The location is approximately 70

kilometers from Davao City and approximately 15 kilometers from Tagum City. Maco

Night-Market is located in Maco's main barangay, Barangay Poblacion. Figure 2

depicts a satellite view of the target location; it is a national map of the Philippines

indicating the Province of Davao de Oro, the Municipality of Maco, and the institution.
Figure 2: Map of the Philippines and Maco Night-Market
Population and Sample

This study's respondents will be the night-market vendors, specifically those at

the Maco Night Market in Brgy. Davao de Oro, Poblacion, Maco There are a total of

63 vendors.

Sampling Technique

Total population technique has been the technique used by the researchers

wherein the respondents were asked to answer the survey questionnaire that will be

given to them and to be able to collect and gather data needed for the study.

Total population sampling is a type of purposive sampling technique in which

the entire population with a specific set of characteristics is examined. Because the

entire population is so small and well-defined, and a fraction of which may not

measure what is required, most researchers consider this as their sampling method.

It can eliminate any potential bias introduced by the sampling technique, but it is not

justified in terms of additional resources and time (Canonizado, 2022).

Research Instrument

This study will use an internet-downloaded questionnaire that was taken from

the study of Mamaboloa and Myresk (2019) entitled A Detailed Guide on Converting

Qualitative Entrepreneurial Skills Survey Skill Instrument. The questionnaire has the

following indicators: start-up skills, business management skills, marketing skills,

financial management skills, human resource management, technical skills,

leadership skills, social and intrapersonal skills. The respondent will select one of four
answers from 1 to 5. 1 represents strongly disagree, while 5 represents strongly

agree.

To determine the underlying skills factor, an exploratory factor analysis with

principal component extraction was performed. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of

Sampling Adequacy was 0.873, and the Bartlett's Test of Sphericity had a p = 0.000,

indicating that the data were sufficient for factor analysis. All of the factors depicted in

the questionnaire had a reliability score greater than the required 0.70. The findings

indicate that the designed instrument is valid and reliable (Mamaboloa and Myresk,

2019).

The Likert Scale was used to measure. It is a tool used to create instruments

that measure a person's or group's attitudes, perceptions, and opinions in relation to

the potentials and problems of an object, the design of a product, the process of

creating products, and products that have been developed or created. According to

Sugiyono (2012), the Likert Scale is used to assess a person's or group's attitudes,

opinions, and perception of a social phenomenon.

 To measure the level of entrepreneurial skills, the following parameters were

used in the study:

Range of Means Descriptive Level Interpretation

This means that the

4.50 – 5.00 Very High entrepreneurial skill is
manifest at all times.

This means that the

3.50 – 4.49 High entrepreneurial skill
manifested often.

This means that the

2.50 – 3.49 Moderate entrepreneurial skill is
manifested sometimes
This means that the
1.50 – 2.49 Low entrepreneurial skill is
rarely manifested

This means that the

1.00 – 1.49 Very Low entrepreneurial skill is
never manifested
 Meanwhile, below is the scale being use in describing the level of business

performance among night-market vendors of Maco. The scale was based on the

monthly average sales of MSME in the Philippines (DTI, 2020).

Descriptive
Range of Sales Interpretation
Level
This means that their sales
Php250,000 – Php200,000 Very High
are very high

This means that their sales

Php199,000 – Php150,000 High
are high

This means that their sales

Php149,000 – Php100,000 Moderate
are moderate

This means that their sales

Php99,000 – Php50,000 Low
are low

This means that their sales

Below Php50,000 Very Low
are very low

Data Collection

This study will examine the relationship between Entrepreneurial Skills: As a

Predictor of Business Performance among Maco night-market vendors. The

researchers will use an adopted questionnaire to collect data for this quantitative

research. The questionnaire will be given to the adviser for feedback and

suggestions. The author of the questionnaire and the location where it was obtained

will be listed in the references.

And after the adviser's approval, the researchers will write a letter to the

school's principal requesting permission to conduct their research among the Maco

Night Market Vendors in Poblacion, Maco, Davao de Oro.

 Lastly, the researcher will set a schedule and notify the respondents the day

before they conduct their study if they are granted permission to conduct the study

inside the school. Before beginning to administer the survey questionnaire to their

respondents, the researchers informed them about the study and how to complete

the questionnaire, and the researchers explained and translated the items for the

respondents to ensure a thorough understanding of the study. When the respondents

had finished answering the questionnaire after an hour, the researchers gathered the

questionnaires in an ordered manner. They will use Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS

Statistics to tally the responses of the respondents, and they will hand over their

collected data to the statistician for interpretation.

Statistical Tool

This study will be utilizing the following statistical tools:

Mean. The mean is the average or most common value among a set of

numbers. It is a statistic that measures the central tendency of a probability

distribution along the median and mode. This will be used to answer the level of both

variables as per indicator. This will be used to measure questions number 1 and 2.

Pearson Production Moment Coefficient (Pearson-r). This will be used to

test or determine the significant relationship between Entrepreneurial Skills and

business performance among Maco Night Market Vendors. The statistical tool will

decide whether to accept or reject the first hypothesis. This will be used to measure

question number 3.
 Regression. This will be used to test what entrepreneurial skills significantly

influence the business performance of night-market vendors of Maco. This serves to

decide whether to accept or reject the second hypothesis. This will be used to

measure question number four.

Indicators Items
Business management skills I diagnose and solve challenges related to
managing a business
I plan and organize tasks to run the business
daily
I take decisions to run the business daily
Marketing skills I conduct market research
I monitor and benchmark businesses like the
one I run
I position the business in the suitable market
Financial management skills I set suitable prices for products or services
I manage cash transactions coming in and out
of the business
I determine the cost structure for activities
performed in the business
I read and analyze the financial statements
Start-up skills I plan the growth in current and future terms
I develop novel ideas and products
I take risks to make and implement the
decisions
I identify opportunities to create an
entrepreneurial venture

Adopted from the study of Mamaboloa and Myresk (2019) entitled A Detailed Guide on
Converting Qualitative Entrepreneurial Skills Survey Skill Instrument.