BGEMA UNIVERSITY of FASHION & TECHNOLOGY

ASSIGNMENT
Group no. - 09

Department Name: Apparel Manufacturing & Technology

Section: 02
Batch: 192
Course Title: Corporate Social Responsibility
Course Code: CSR4103
Submission Date: 20-12-2022

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Monirul Islam Rajib 1. Tanvir Rahman - 192-135-101
2. Abdullah Al Fahim Nirjon - 192-137-101
Assistant Professor, 3. Md. Shafiqul Islam Shawon - 192-141-101
Department of AMT, 4. Wakil Ahmed Bitto - 192-142-101
BUFT 5. Binoy Krishna Barmon - 192-143-101
 Contents

Name Page
Introduction 03

Product Sketch 04-05

Supply chain stages 06

Unsustainable issues 07-08

Recommended solutions 09-10

Sustainable mapping 11-12

Conclusions 13
Introduction:
A mechanical object with a disc or circle shape is called a wheel. Its primary
function is to enable rolling, which means that when the wheel spins, an
object on wheels can travel more readily along the ground. It is an easy-to-
use device. The mechanical advantage theory underlies the wheel. It is
present everywhere, including in our automobiles, aircraft, trains,
machineries, and manufactured goods. The first wheel that man created was
made of stone and probably it was in ancient Mesopotamia (currnety region of
Iraq). It has been utilized for transportation. A sledge with wheels is seen in a
Sumerian (Erech) pictogram that dates to around 3500 BC. The concept of
wheeled transportation may have originated from the usage of logs as rollers,
but the earliest discovered wheels were wooden disks made of three carved
planks that were fastened together by transverse struts. When used on
chariots in Asia Minor, spoked wheels first appeared around 2000 BC. Later
innovations included the introduction of a tire in the shape of an iron ring that
was heated and expanded to fit over the rim and before cooling and drawing
the parts closely together. These advances also included iron hubs
(centerpieces) rotating on greased axles. By 3500 BC, Mesopotamia had also
advanced the use of a wheel (turntable) producing pottery. As time passed,
man-made improvements to wheels for transportation or moving objects were
produced. Today, it can be seen everywhere. The wheel then becomes a
necessary component of life. The development of the wheel was the very first
step in that direction. Today, the wheel rotating on an axle serves as the
fundamental component of every device, engine, and machine. The wheel is
common to everywhere. Without wheels, existence is inconceivable. All of our
industrial and other operations would remain at a halt without wheels.
Supply chain:
Today's population and car use development has increased the production of
waste tires, which has in turn created environmental concerns. Therefore, one
of the most important concerns for today's companies is choosing common
strategies (including reuse, recycling, burning, and disposal) to deal with
these wastes and enhance environmental circumstances. In the forward
direction, the producers produce raw materials from either internal or
external sources, with the external suppliers bearing the customs fees and
currency rates in the case of raw material imports. (It should be mentioned
that certain countries import a portion of their tire raw materials.) Following
production, the tires are then moved to the distribution centers, where they
are then delivered to the merchants in accordance with their regularity. For
the most recent requests, this might not be achievable due to supplier
capacity restrictions. Dealers and initial collecting facilities send trash tires in
the opposite direction to centralized return sites for inspection and garbage
treatment. The rule is that consumers obtain new tires at a discounted rate if
they return tire waste in order to draw and keep customers. The used tires
are then transported to retreading, recycling, cement or energy plants, and
landfill facilities based on the quality level determined during the inspection.
Sustainable & unsustainable issues:
Transportation is one of the largest energy-consuming sectors in the world,
and withincreasing urbanization and the expansion of decorated lifestyles, the
use of vehiclesand the average mileage of each vehicle have risen recently.
One of the resulting conse-quences is the production of waste tires that are
environmentally harmful. Every year, approximately one million tons of tire
material are disposed of in the world. Some conventional methods (e.g.
incineration, storage and landfill), applied to treat and manage these
hazardous wastes, have been shown to have a higher negative impact on
human health. human health, environment and ecosystems. Due to their high
stability, used tires are very harmful to the environment and distort the face
of nature. As we all know, a truck tire consumes about 22 gallons of oil and
the backfill process saves up to 70% of crude oil consumption. New tires use
four times as much material as backfill tires, and three times as much energy
is used to manufacture them as backfill tires. Therefore, the disposal of
expired tires has become a controversial economic and environmental
dilemma and there is an urgent need to improve the value of scrap tires.
Therefore, ways to solve this problem, which can greatly increase their value,
are searched around the globe. Chemicals emitted from worn-outtires that
are spread through air and water are harmful for human health and other
living creatures.Traditional methods that are extensively applied to dispose of
used tires around the world are notenvironmentally friendly

Retreading: By retreading, the used tires are given renewed tread and
sidewall rubber.
Recycling: During the recycling process, different materials such as rubber
powders, steel wires,fibers and tire granules are separated that can be used
for various purposes including construction,automotive, marine, additives to
plastics, bituminous waterproofing, flooring and artificial grass.
Energy Recovery: The other option is using scrap tires directly as fuel that
has several advantagessuch as reduced electricity generation costs,
maximum heat recovery, and being environmentallyfriendly.
Landfilling: It is the last option and many countries have banned
unrestricted landfills. In the supplychain under study, the number of tires
transferred to landfills is severely limited
Solution of unsustainability:
Undoubtedly, with the increasing emission of greenhouse gases and non-
biodegradable wastes as the consequence of over energy and material
consumption, the demands for environmentally friendly products are of
significant importance. Green tires, a superb alternative to traditional tires,
could play a substantial part in environmental protection owing to lower toxic
and harmful substances in their construction and their higher decomposition
rate. Furthermore, manufacturing green tires using green silica as
reinforcement has a high capacity to save energy and reduce carbon dioxide
emissions, pollution, and raw material consumption. Nevertheless, their
production costs are expensive in comparison with conventional tires. In this
review article, by studying green tires, the improvement of silica-rubber
mixing, as well as the production of green silica from agricultural wastes,
were investigated. Not only does the consumption of agricultural wastes save
resources considerably, but it also could eventually lead to the reduction of
silica production expenses. The cost of producing green silica is about 50%
lower than producing conventional silica, and since it weighs about 17% of
green silica tires, it can reduce the cost of producing green rubber.
Accordingly, we claim that green silica has provided acceptable properties of
silica in tires. Apart from the technical aspect, environmental and economic
challenges are also discussed, which can ultimately be seen as a promising
prospect for the use of green silica in the green tire industry.
Rail is the most sustainable mode of transport. Increasing its share of
passengers and freight is critical to achieving net-zero goals. No form of mass
transport has more potential to aid in the fight against global warming than
rail.
Sustainability issues
The future wheel
Evaluation of wheel
Conclusion: Wheel is a revolutionary invention in modern era. It makes our
life easier. We cannot think a day without it. It helps to increase our transport
and communication system.