Leadership &

Management
In Schools
Presented by :

● Zarith Hawani binti Husin (2016331981)

● Nurul Najihah binti Mohamed Yusof (2016589155)
 IN THIS TOPIC, WE WILL TALK ABOUT :

LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT DIFFERENCES CRITERIA OF LEADERSHIP

IN SCHOOLS IN SCHOOLS BETWEEN A GOOD APPROACHES
LEADERSHIP & LEADER
MANAGEMENT
IN SCHOOL
 WHAT IS LEADERSHIP IN SCHOOL?
● Leadership is the action of leading a
group towards common goal.
● Leadership focused on vision,
motivation, the future, and the
teams and people in your school.
● According to (Zaleznik, 1977), leaders
are concentrated on change and
pursuing new solutions,
understanding people’s convictions
and ensuring their commitment.

Zarith Hawani binti Husin (2016331981)

 WHAT IS MANAGEMENT IN SCHOOL?
● Management is the process of
dealing with or controlling people or
IN CONCLUSION : ●
things.
Management provides systems and
processes essential to the smooth
Both leadership and day-to-day running of the school.
management are ● According to Zaleznik (1977),
managers are concentrated on
essential for successful maintaining stability and status quo,
school development. performing duties, exercising
authority and achieving established
goals.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT
● Leaders create and ● Managers know how to plan,
communicate visions and budget, organize, staff, control
strategies. and problem solve.
● Deal mostly with change. ● Deal mostly with the status quo.
● Deals with the top line -- “what ● Bottom line focus -- “How can I
are the things that I want to best accomplish certain things?
accomplish?” ● Doing the right things
● Doing the right things.
 CRITERIA OF A GOOD LEADER
● Have a strong vibe and confident.
● Visionary
LEADERSHIP APPROACHES ● Dedicated and show good
examples.
● Strategic Approach ● Provide support.
● Human Assets Approach ● Creative
● Expertise Approach ● Good decision-maker.
● Well control of emotional status.
● Unbox Approach
● Excellent communication skills.
● Change Approach ● Good attitude.
● Clear goals.
 LEADERSHIPS IN SCHOOL
IN THIS TOPIC, WE WILL TALK ABOUT :

INSTRUCTIONAL TRANSACTIONAL TRANSFORMATIONAL

LEADERSHIP LEADERSHIP LEADERSHIP
 INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP
● Instructional leadership is generally defined as the management of
curriculum and instruction by a school principal.
● According to Deveboise (1984), instructional leadership is action that
school leader takes or delegates to others, in order to promote growth in
students learning.
● Instructional leadership skills help principals provide support and
resources to teachers, to enable them to deliver more effective lessons.
● According to Lashway (2002), the principal must possesses certain skills
to carry out the tasks of an instructional leader such as: Interpersonal
Skills, Planning Skills, Instructional Observation Skills, Research and
Evaluation Skills.
 TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP
➔ Transactional leadership emphasizes results, stays within the existing structure of
an organization and measures success to that organization’s system of rewards and
penalties.
➔ It focuses on the basic management process of controlling, organizing and short-
term planning.
➔ Transactional leaders are also expected to do the following:
● Set goals and give specific direction about what they demand from the
employee & how they will be rewarded for their efforts.
● Provide productive feedback on performance.
● Focus on increasing the efficiency of established routines and procedures &
show concern for following existing rules rather than making changes.
● Establish & standardize practices that will help the organization to become
efficient & productive.
● Response to deviations from expected outcomes & identify corrective
measures to improve performance.
 TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP
● Transformational leadership helps the leaders to transform the workplace by
inspiring team members to create changes.
● The leader encourage, inspire, and motivate employees to create changes
that overall helps to grow and shape the future success of an organization.
● Transformational leadership helps employees to take authority over decision
within their assigned job.
● According to Bernard M. Bass (1980), the transformational leader model
inspire followers to :
● Reach a higher level on the consciousness towards the company’s goals.
● Rise above their self-interest for the organization.
● Approach a higher level of needs.
 The 4 I’s of Transformational
Leadership
Transformational
Transformational leaders
leadership also
not only challenge the
IN CONCLUSION :
involves offering
status quo; they also
support and
encourage creativity
encouragement to
among followers
individual followers.

Good leadership in schools

Intellectual Simulation Individualized Consideration
helps to foster both a positive
and motivating culture for Transformational
staff & a high-quality leaders have a clear
vision that they are able
The transformational
leader serve as a role
experience for learners. to articulate to model for followers.
followers.

Inspirational Motivation Idealized Influence

 NOVICE TEACHER
ISSUES &
CHALLENGES
Presented by :

Nurul Najihah binti Mohamed Yusof (2016589155)

 DEFINITIONS

NOVICE NOVICE TEACHER

A person new to ● New teacher who had trained

& worked in between one to
and three years.
inexperienced in ● Just beginning to develop
personal philosophy &
a job or situation. implement teaching skills
learned.
 NOVICE VS EXPERIENCED TEACHER
While planning, experienced
teachers consistently connect
curriculum with goals
● Novices tend to focus on short-term
planning.
● Experts were found to plan long-term
& were well-versed of the relationship
between daily objectives and the
overall curriculum.
Experienced teachers teach
with their gut & “teacher’s
voice”
● Novices were found to mentally
script each section of their lesson.
● Experts plan more strategies to
teach a specific skill & to conduct
the lesson largely unrehearsed prior
to the instructional period.
 NOVICE VS EXPERIENCED TEACHER

Novice teachers have not yet

Experienced teachers have mastered their management
eyes in the back of their head techniques
● Novices tend to be unaware or in
● Novices tend to have their attention
some instances, ignore classroom
to only one area of the room.
disruptions.
● Expert teachers are capable of
scanning an entire room ● Experts are more likely to identify
simultaneously to understand how and subsequently solve
classroom events are unfolding. management problems in the
classroom using external controls.
ISSUES / CHALLENGES FACE BY NOVICE TEACHERS

Struggling with Burdened by Drowning in

Classroom Curricular Framework Unsupportive
Management Environments
 SCHOOL MANAGEMENT ISSUES

Making Decisions Strategically

The centre of managing and controlling a
school body and its activities

Staff Recruitment Students Discipline

Recruiting capable and qualified The modern-day students are
teachers to teach a whole population
raised in a completely different
of students is also another
environment from the time to
highlighted issue faced by the school
management where the admins grew up in.
 .cont

HIGHER COST IN
LESSENING PARENTS’ MAINTENANCE &
INVOLVEMENT OPERATIONS

Most of the parents do not High cost of maintenance

have enough time to pay & the costs needed to be
attention their children’s undertaken
education life
 .cont

TECHNOLOGY DESIGNING THE 21ST

CENTURY CURRICULUM

Technology plays a huge

role in all the latest trends School administrators are
in a modern society & the re-creating the school
field of education is no curriculum
exception.
 ● Communication &
technology
Suggestions/ Educate
●CREDITS: staff
Improvements This presentation template was created by
Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, infographics &

● Monitoring students
images by Freepik and illustrations by Stories

● Managing classroom
 REFERENCES
● Aymn Sulieman Alqatawenah. (2018, March 28). Transformational leadership style and its relationship with change
management. Retrieved January 25, 2021, from ResearchGate website:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324067611_Transformational_leadership_style_and_its_relationship_with_chan
ge_management
● Bush, T., & Glover, D. (2003). School Leadership: Concepts and Evidence. Retrieved January 25, 2021, from
ResearchGate website:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252485640_School_Leadership_Concepts_and_Evidence
● Leithwood, K., Day, C., Sammons, P., & Hopkins, D. (2006, November 11). Successful School Leadership What It Is
and How It Influences Pupil Learning. Retrieved January 25, 2021, from ResearchGate website:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238717790_Successful_School_Leadership_What_It_Is_and_How_It_Influences
_Pupil_Learning
● Malik, M. A., Abd Razak Bin Zakaria, Mohd Faisal Mohamed, & Abdul Muhsein Sulaiman. (2015, July). School Survival
for Novice Teacher in Malaysia. Retrieved January 25, 2021, from ResearchGate website:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280696429_School_Survival_for_Novice_Teacher_in_Malaysia
● Fatiha Senom, Abd Razak Bin Zakaria, & Shah, A. (2013, January 13). Novice Teachers’ Challenges and Survival:
Where do Malaysian ESL Teachers Stand? Retrieved January 25, 2021, from ResearchGate website:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270608162_Novice_Teachers’_Challenges_and_Survival_Where_do_Malaysian
_ESL_Teachers_Stand
 REFERENCES
● Harris, A., & Muijs, D. (2003). Teacher Leadership: Principles and Practice. Retrieved January 25, 2021, from
ResearchGate website:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316284478_Teacher_Leadership_Principles_and_Practice
● Berry, B., Daughtrey, A., & Wieder, A. (2010). Teacher Leadership: Leading the Way to Effective Teaching and
Learning. Retrieved January 25, 2021, from ResearchGate website:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234686653_Teacher_Leadership_Leading_the_Way_to_Effective_Teaching_and_
Learning
● Lowery-Moore, H., Latimer, R., & Villate, V. (2016). The Essence of Teacher Leadership: A Phenomenological Inquiry
of Professional Growth. International Journal of Teacher Leadership Lowery-Moore et Al. Essence of Teacher
Leadership, 1(1). Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1137503.pdf
● Binti, S., Khaliza, Z., Saidin, B., & Bin Mohamad, R. (2016). ISSUES AMONG NOVICE TEACHERS IN MALAYSIA. 1, 855–
862. https://doi.org/10.21070/picecrs.v1i1.564
● Problems and Challenges Met by Novice Teachers in Johor. (2019). International Journal of Recent Technology and
Engineering, 8(3S2), 689–694. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.c1221.1083s219
● Ariff, N., Mansor, M., & Yusof, H. (2016). Availability of Novice Teacher Professionalism: A Content Analysis.
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(12). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v6-
i12/2502
● Keow Ngang Tang. (2013, October). Teaching as Collective Work: What are the Needs of Novice Teachers? Retrieved
January 25, 2021, from ResearchGate website:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273852370_Teaching_as_Collective_Work_What_are_the_Needs_of_Novice_Te
achers
 Q&A
QUESTIONS ANSWERS

1. Is there For the record, there are several well-known development programs for ESL teachers
any novice teachers' available throughout Malaysia, mainly those that form a partnership with the British
development Council of Malaysia. The infamous one is the "Teacher Development Project" (TDP),
program available the Ministry of Education's partnership with Maybank Foundation and the British
for ESL teachers in Council to support primary and secondary school novice teachers, largely from rural
Malaysia? Can you areas, a three-year program. The workshop was conducted in 9 states across East &
name at least one? West Malaysia. TDP's main aims are to develop novice teachers' skills and knowledge
to facilitate functional communicative language learning within their schools, enabling
pupils to learn more English by actively using it. The project also develops novice
teachers' ability to manage their continuing professional development through
reflective practice independently. The novice teachers will go through training then
return to their schools to put it into practice with teacher trainers from British Council
will visit from time to time to supervise the lessons.

2. In your opinion,
what is the best way for a
novice teacher to tackle the
issue of feeling overwhelmed
in a classroom during their
early years of teaching?
Q&A
There are different strategies applies by people to tackle their
sense of overwhelming. However, here are some tips that we
can try to ease that feeling. First, you will need to recognize
the thoughts that make you feel overwhelmed. Next is to
distinguish between what you want to do and things you need
to do. It is beneficial for novice teachers to make a proper list
instead of making a mental one. By prioritizing what you need
to do first before tackling what you want, you will ease the
burden of being too overwork. Furthermore, it is essential to
tackle one thing simultaneously and avoid multitasking or
procrastinating too much. Lastly is to treat yourself to
something to recognize your effort done in a day.

QUESTIONS
Some experienced teachers
may feel superior and think
they know everything, but
sometimes they do mistake. As
a future novice teacher, what
can you suggest to reprove
that experienced teacher and
make she realized the
mistakes?
Q&A
ANSWERS
Novice teachers tend to sweep the problem of being bullied by their
colleagues under the carpet for fear of tarnishing their reputation. Hence,
there are several ways to proactively reclaim your space and dealing with
the bullying that happened. First, novice teachers need to set limits on
what they can tolerate from such behaviour. This is by pointing out
bullying that happened and addressing the issue professionally. Next is to
confront the other party privately to address the issue without drawing the
crowd's’ attention. Other than that, the novice teachers could also
document the other party’s actions such as the date, time and details of
the incident. Note if another teacher also witnesses the incident. If
necessary, complain about a proper channel and let it be known that you
would not put up with the mistreatment anymore and stand on your
ground.
 Q&A
In your opinion, what In our opinion, the most remarkable traits that make a person as a
good leader in an organization is judging by the ability to look at the
makes a good leader in
organization strategically and capable of setting its relatable and
an organization? achievable goals, mission, vision and objectives. Besides, a good
leader can also guide their subordinates in setting their own goals
and holding them accountable for it. Lastly, a good leader needs to
influence and motivate their staff to perform in higher levels of
working style.