Danh động từ hoàn thành Phân từ hoàn thành

-Dùng rút ngắn mệnh đề khi hành

Dùng thay cho hình thức hiện tại động trong mệnh đề xảy ra trước
của danh động từ khi chúng ta đề -Dùng rút ngắn mệnh đề trạng ngữ
cập đến hành động trong quá khứ. chỉ thời gian

Công thức: Having + VP2

Chức năng của danh động từ

- Làm chủ ngữ của câu

- Làm tân ngữ của câu ( đứng sau tobe )
- Làm đồng vị
- Làm danh từ ghép
1. Danh động từ ( Gerund)

Danh động từ là những từ có cấu trúc như một động từ, nhưng lại có chức năng
làm danh từ.

Danh động từ là những động từ “ing” để biến thành danh từ

Danh động từ có thể làm :

Vẫn V-ing đấy nhưng mà

2. Phân từ hiện tại :

- Dùng trong các thì tiếp diễn
- Thay cho một mệnh đề độc lập trong câu ghép, Mệnh đề phụ trong câu,
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do
- Dùng ngữ 1 tính từ
- Cấu trúc : There+be + Noun + present particple
- Cấu trúc câu : S + sit/ stand/ lie/ come/ run ( cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn ) + present
particle.
- Sau một số động từ chỉ tri giác ( see, hear, smell, feel, taste, overhead…),
catch, find, spend, waste
Exercise 1: Choose the most suitable option to complete the sentence.
1. ….…… only three hours, I can hardly focus on my work.
a. Having slept
b. was slept
c. slept
d. sleeping
2. ….……. up late is harmful for skin.
a. Staying
b. to stay
c. stayed
d. have stayed
3. ….……. from so much trouble in the life makes her more and more mature than
before.
a. Suffering
b. was suffered
c. has suffered
d. suffered
4. ….……. this movie last week, I still wanted to see it again.
a. Having seen
b. had seen
c. was seen
d. seeing
5. Mary is the cleverest person in the classroom. She is always the first person
……… the question.
a. To answer
b. answering
c. has answered
d. answered
6. Her boss caught him ………. privately in the working time, so he was fired.
a. Speaking
b. spoken
c. to speak
d. was speaking
7. After (A) complete (B) the plan, we had a vacation in (D) Hawaii.
8. This (A) is the most (B) embarrassed (C) problem that I have ever (D) seen.
9. Having (A) lived (B) in city for (C) ten years, she is used to stay (D) up late.
10. Dan appears ………. some weight. Has he been ill?
a. Having lost
b. having been lost
c. to have lost
d. to have been lost
11. Are you sure you told me? I don’t recall ………. about it.
a. Having told
b. having been told
c. to have told
d. to have been told
12. Tome made a bad mistake at work, but his boss didn’t fire him. He is happy
about ………. a second chance.
A. Giving
B. having been given
C. to have been given
D. to give
13. When I called them, they didn’t answer. They pretended ………. already.
A. To sleep
B. sleeping
C. having slept
D. to have been sleeping
14. ….…….. the bottles, Mike poured the drinks for everyone.
A. To open
B. to have opened
C. being opened
D. having opened
15. The painting was beautiful. I stood there ………. it for a long time.
A. To admiring
B. admiring
C. admire
D. having admired
16. A plane with an engine on fire approached the runway. …….. was frightening.
There could have been a terrible accident.
A. Watch it landing
B. watching it land
C. To watch it to land
D. watching to land it
17. I’ve just heard that there’s been a major accident that has all of the traffic tied
up. If we want to get to the play on time, we’d better avoid ………. the high way.
A. Having taken
B. take
C. to take
D. taking
18. Did you ever finish ………. the office for that new client of yours?
A. To design
B. designing
C. designed
D. having designed
19. Mr. Lee was upset by ………. the truth.
A. Not having been told
B. us not to tell him
C. He hadn’t been told
D. being not told
20. ……….. in restaurant as often as they do is very expensive.
A. Being eaten
B. having eaten
C. having been eating
D. eating
21. Jack made me ………. him next week.
A. To promise to call
B. to promise calling
C. promise to call
D. promise calling
22. ………. all the papers already, Sarah put them back in the file.
A. To have photocopied
B. to photocopy
C. Photocopying
D. having photocopied
23. Our mechanic says that he expects ………. the brakes on our car before we
pick it up.
A. Fixing
B. being fixed
C. to have fixed
D. to have been fixed
24.George mentioned ……… in an accident as a child, but he never told us the
details.
A. Having injured
B. having been injured
C. To have injured
D. to have been injured
25. although we felt cold, we kept walking.
A. Despite feeling cold, we kept walking
B. however we felt cold, we kept walking
C. Felt cold, but we kept walking
D. we kept walking even though feeling cold
26. It is good exercise to walk a mile a day.
A. For walking a mile a day is good exercise
B. Good exercise is for walk a mile a day
C. In order to walk a mile a day is good exercise
D. Walking a mile a day is good exercise
27. The man jumped out of the boat. He was bitten by a shark.
A. Bitten by a shark, the man jumping out of the boat.
B. After jumping out of the boat, the man was bitten by a shark.
C. After bitten, the shark jumping out of the boat.
D. After jumping out of a boat, the shark bit the man
28. After Louie had written his composition, he handed it to his teacher.
A. Handed the composition to his teacher, Louie wrote it
B. Having written his composition, Louie handed it to his teacher.
C. Writing the composition. Louie handed it to his teacher.
D. Handing the composition, Louie had written his composition.
29. while the director was guiding us through the museum, he gave us a special
explanation.
A. Guiding us through the museum, a special explanation was given by the director
B. Guided us through the museum, the director gave us a special explanation
C. A special explanation was given to us while guiding us through the museum
D. Guiding us through the museum, the director gave us a special explanation.
Đáp án: 
 1 - A; 2 - A; 3- A; 4 - A; 5- A; 6-A 
7 - B; 8 - C; 9 - D; 10 - C; 11 - B; 12 - B
13 - D; 14 - D; 15 - B; 16 - B; 17 - D; 18 - D
19 - A; 20 - D; 21 - C; 22 - D; 23 - C; 24 - B
25 - A; 26 - D; 27 - B; 28 - B; 29 - D
Exercise 2. For question 1-10, fill in the verbs in brackets as participles
(Present participle or past participle) into the gaps
Ex: I talked to the man ……… the newspaper. (to read)
→ I talked to the man reading the newspaper
1. He saw his friend ………… out with Sue (to go)
2. The bus crashed into the blue car ……….. down the hill. (to drive)
3. Peter hurt his leg ……….. karate. (to do)
4. The umbrella ………. at the bus stop belongs to John Smith. (to find)
5. The people ………… in the street are all very friendly. (to dance)
6. I heard my mother ……….. on the phone. (to talk)
7. My uncle always has his car ………… . (to wash)
8. We stood ………. for the taxi. (to wait)
9. ….………. down from the tower we saw many people walking in the streets. (to
look)
10. The people drove off in a ………… car. (to steal)
Đáp án:
1. going
2. driving
3. doing
4. found
5. dancing
6. talking
7. washed
8. waiting
9. looking
10. stolen
Exercise 3. Rewrite each of the following sentences with present participle or
perfect participle.
1. Christopher apologized. He’d forgotten to pay.
→ _________________________________________
2. When Tom had repaired the car, he took it out for a road test.
→ _________________________________________
3. The porter just stood there. He expected a tip.
→ _________________________________________
4. Because he was the youngest child, Natasha was her father’s favorite.
→ _________________________________________
5. Mitchell picked up the phone and dialed a number
→ _________________________________________
6. He left the phone ring for 5 minutes and then slowly replaced the receiver.
→ _________________________________________
7. After she had worked hard all day, Sarah was exhausted.
→ _________________________________________
8. We saw Rupert. He was looking into a shop window.
→ _________________________________________
9. Since Daniel had spent all his money, he couldn’t afford a new jacket.
→ _________________________________________
10. He took out a gun and put it in his briefcase.
→ _________________________________________
Đáp án: 
1. Christopher apologized for having forgotten to pay.
2. Having  repaired the car, he took it out for a road test.
3. The porter just stood there expecting  a tip.
4. Being the youngest child, Natasha was her father’s favorite.
5. Picking up the phone, Mitchel dialed a number
6. Having left  the phone ring for 5 minutes and then slowly replaced the receiver.
7. Having worked hard all day,  Sarah was exhausted.
8. We saw Rupert  looking into a shop window.
9. Having  spent all his money, Daniel couldn’t afford a new jacket.
10. Taking out a gun he put it in his briefcase.
Exercise 4: Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentences;
substitutes the underlined part; or has a close meaning to the original one.
1. They all denied ……… her.
A. To see
B. of seeing
C. having ever seen
D. ever having seen
2. Up to two thirds of 14 to 16 years old admit ………… drink illegally.
A. To buying
B. for buying
C. having bought
D. buying
3. In addition to …………, I do the washing up.
A. I prepare dinner
B. I am preparing dinner
C. Prepare dinner
D. preparing dinner
4. Tom was accused ………. some top secret document.
A. To steal
B. of having stolen
C. for stealing
D. to have stolen
5. No one can prevent us ………. good things.
A. To do
B. from doing
C. of doing
D. in order to do
6. As a teacher and a leader, she wanted us ………. effectively.
A. Have known how to learn
B. knowing how to learn
C. To know how to learn
D. to know of learning learn
7. But after ……… it over, I decided to laugh at myself and just join anyway.
A. Having thought
B. I have thought
C. thought
D. to have thought
8. They did not want us to feel inhibited ……… together
A. From asking questions or enjoying our time
B. Of asking questions or enjoying our time
C. Having asked questions or enjoying our time
D. As asking questions or enjoying our time
9. Mary said, “ I regret ……… him earlier in my life.”
A. To meet
B. not having met
C. to have met
D. at meeting
10. After ……… it, please return the form to us in the envelope provided.
A. To complete and sign
B. you are completing and signing
C. Completing and sign
D. completing and signing
11. Martin denied ……… the accused man on the day of the crime.
A. To see
B. of having seen
C. to have seen
D. having seen
12. She often thinks carefully ……… any question.
A. Before answering
B. before having answered
C. By answering
D. having answering
13. He never admits ……… wrong.
A. To being
B. of being
C. to be
D. to have been
14. ….……. from the horseback, he was taken to hospital and had an operation.
A. When falling
B. as he was fallen
C. after having fallen
D. to fall
15. I regret ……… at his side during his illness last winter.
A. Was not
B. have not been
C. not being
D. not to be
16. I tried ……… the window, but it seemed ………
A. Having opened/ not working
B. opening/ not to work
C. Having opened/ did not work
D. opening/ was not working
17. She must ……… for me after realizing I’d gone missing.
A. Having looked
B. to have look
C. look
D. have looked
18. We are talking ……….. Canada for our vacation next month.
A. About having gone
B.going
C. about going
D. to go
19. Sue is in charge ………. the meeting.
A. To organize
B. to have organize
C. of organizing
D. for having organized
20. I am interested ……….. the new course next week.
A. In learning
B. in having learnt
C. to learn
D. on having learnt
21. I suppose you also deny ……… with Nicole Auger in your office yesterday
afternoon.
A. Meeting
B. of having met
C. to have met
D. having met
22. ….….., he went into his office to fill in the daily time sheet.
A. Before leaving
B. before he had left
C. before having left
D. when he is leaving
23. I am used to ………. with the window open.
A. Sleep
B. Sleeping
C. having slept
D. slept
24. I look forward to ……… home next month
A. Go
B. have gone
C. going
D. having gone
25. They object ………. their plans at this late date.
A. To change
B. to have changed
C. to changing
D. of changing
26. You had better ……… here.
A. Taking advantage of having lived
B. To take advantage for living
C. Having taken advantage to live
D. Take advantage of living
27. ….…… some bad news from her family, she collapsed.
A. When heard
B. when she has heard
C. to heard
D. on hearing
28. Listen! I hear someone ……… the gate. It ……… Peter because he is at work
at present.
A. To open/ mustn’t be
B. open/ shouldn’t be
C.Opening/ can’t be
D. opened/ couldn’t be
29. If at any point you feel yourself ……… tense, make a conscious effort ………
A. Become/ relaxing
B. becoming/ to relax
C. To become/ relax
D. having become/ for relaxing
30. Excuse me …….. late. I got stuck in a traffic jam for more than one hour.
A. To being
B. for being
C. being
D. having been

Đáp án: 
1 - A; 2 - A; 3 - C; 4 - B; 5 - B; 6 - B; 7 - A
8 - A; 9 - B; 10 - C; 11 - D; 12 - A; 13 - A
14 - C; 15 - C; 16 - B; 17 - D; 18 - C; 19 - C
20 - A; 21 - D; 22 - A; 23 - B; 24 - C; 25 - C
26 - D; 27 - D; 28 - C; 29 - b; 30 - B
Exercise 5: Rewrite the sentences, using perfect gerunds.
1. Nam won a scholarship. We are excited about that fact.
→ ________________________________________.
2. Entering the room, I was surprised at what I saw.
→ ________________________________________.
3. The volunteers couldn't mow the old lady's lawns because of the rain.
→ ________________________________________.
4. Since we have become too dependent on the use of electricity, we have to find
alternative sources of energy before fossil fuels run out.
→ ________________________________________.
5. Tonya had dumped a lot of rubbish on the beach. She was strongly criticised for
that.
→ ________________________________________.
6. In the Tree Planting Competition, the students in Group 11G planted the most
trees in the schoolyard. They were praised for that.
→ ________________________________________.
7. After she replaced all the light bulbs in her house with LED lights, she same a
lot of money on her electricity bills.
→ ________________________________________.
8. Sam had not worked hard enough in his previous job. He regretted it.
→ ________________________________________.
Đáp án:
1. We are excited about Nam’s winning a scholarship.

2. When I enter the room,  I was surprised at what I saw.

3. The rain prevented the volunteers from mowing the old lady's lawns.
4. Having become too dependent on the use of electricity, we have to find
alternative sources of energy before fossil fuels runs out.

5. Tonya was strongly criticised for having dumped a lot of rubbish on the beach.

6. The students in Group 11G were praised for having planted the most trees in the
schoolyard in the Tree Planting Competition.

7. Having replaced all the light bulbs in her house with LED lights, she saved a lot
of money on her electricity bills.

8.Sam regretted not having worked hard enough in his previous job