2.4.

Permasalahan Pada Bentuk Kata Kerja

Anda harus memeriksa bentuk kata kerja dengan cermat. Anda harus terbiasa dengan bentuk-bentuk kata
kerja sebagai berikut: the base form, the present tense, the present participle, dan the past participle.
Berikut ini adalah contoh dari masing-masing bentuk kata-kata kerja tersebut:
BASE FORM PRESENT PRESENT PARTICIPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE
walk walk(s) walking walked walked
hear hear(s) hearing heard heard
cook cook(s) cooking cooked cooked
sing sing(s) singing sang sung
come come(s) coming came come
begin begin(s) beginning began begun

Anda harus menyadari tiga situasi yang di mana timbul masalah dalam penggunaan kata kerja (problems
with verb). Berikut ini adalah yang paling umum dan paling mudah untuk diperbaiki: (1) periksa apa yang
muncul setelah kata “have”; (2) periksa apa yang terjadi setelah kata “be”; dan (3) periksa apa yang muncul
setelah kata-kata seperti “will”, “would”, dan kata-kata yang termasuk dalam bentuk modal lainnya.

SETELAH MENGGUNAKAN HAVE, GUNAKAN PAST PARTICIPLE

Setiap kali Anda melihat kata kerja have dalam salah satu bentuknya (have, has, having, had), pastikan
bahwa kata kerja yang mengikutinya dalam bentuk past participle.

They had walk* to school.

(should be had walked)

We have see* the show.

(should be have seen)

He has took* the test.

(should be has taken)

Having ate*, he went to school.

(should be Having eaten)

She should have did* the work.

(should be should have done)
Selain itu, Anda harus yakin bahwa jika Anda memiliki subjek dan past participle, Anda juga memiliki kata
kerja have. Masalah ini sangat umum dengan kata kerja (seperti sing, sang, sung) yang berubah dari
present ke past ke past participle dengan hanya mengubah huruf vokal.

My friend sung* in the choir.

(should be sang or has sung)
 He become* angry at his friend.
(should be became or has become)

The boat sunk* in the ocean.

(should be sank or has sunk)
Bagan berikut menguraikan penggunaan bentuk kata kerja setelah kata have:
VERB FORMS AFTER HAVE HAVE + past participle

EXERCISE
Each of the following sentences contains a verb in the past or a past participle. Underline the verbs or past
participles twice. Then, indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
____ 1. Before he left, he had asked her mother for permission.
____ 2. Having finished the term paper, she began studying for the exam.
____ 3. The installer should have completes the task more quickly.
____ 4. She has often become angry during meetings
____ 5. She has rarely drive her car.

SETELAH KATA KERJA BE, GUNAKAN PRESENT PARTICIPLE ATAU PAST PARTICIPLE
Kata kerja be dalam bentuk apa pun (am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being) dapat diikuti oleh verba lain.
Kata kerja ini harus dalam bentuk present participle atau past participle.

We are do* our homework.

(should be are doing)

The homework was do* early.

(should be was done)

Tom is take* the book.

(should be is taking)

The book was take* by Tom.

(should be was taken)
Bagan berikut menguraikan penggunaan bentuk kata kerja setelah be:
BE +
VERB FORMS AFTER BE (1) present participle
(2) past participle
EXERCISE
Each of the following sentences contains a verb formed with be. Underline the verbs twice. Then, indicate
if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
____ 1. We are meeting them later today.
____ 2. Being heard was extremely important to her.
____ 3. The Hiltons are build their house on some property that they own in the desert.
____ 4. It had been noticed that some staff members were late.
____ 5. Are the two companies merge into one?

SETELAH PENGGUNAAN WILL, WOULD, ATAU BENTUK MODAL LAINNYA, GUNAKAN BASE
FORM DARI KATA KERJA
Setiap kali Anda melihat modal, seperti will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, atau must, Anda
harus yakin bahwa kata kerja yang mengikutinya ada dalam bentuk dasarnya (base form).

The boat will leaving* at 3:00.

(should be will leave)

The doctor may arrives* soon.

(should be may arrive)

The students must taken* the exam.

(should be must take)
Bagan berikut menguraikan penggunaan bentuk kata kerja/verb setelah modal:
VERBS FORMS AFTER MODALS MODAL + main form of the verb

EXERCISE
Each of the following sentences contains a verb formed with a modal. Underline the verbs twice. Then,
indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
____ 1. The method for organizing files can be improved.
____ 2. The machine may clicks off if it is overused.
____ 3. Every morning the plants must be watered.
____ 4. The houses with mountain views could sell for considerably more.
____ 5. Would anyone liked to see that movie?
____ 6. I do not know when she will depart.
TOEFL EXERCISE
Choose the letter of the underlined word or group of words that is not correct.
published has being translated
____ 1. Alice in Wonderland, first A
in 1865, B
since C D
into thirty languages.
The Peace Corps was establish then
____ 2. A B C
on March 1, 1961, by D
President John F. Kennedy.
told listening would has
____ 3. The advisor himself, while to the speech, that a dozen other reporters
A B C
asked
already that question.
D
start were hung
____ 4. At the A
of the American Revolution, lanterns B C
in the Old North Church as a signal
came
that the British were .
D
has wins two Nobel Prizes in Chemistry
____ 5. Linus Pauling A B C
: the 1954 Nobel Prize D
and the 1962 Nobel Peace
Prize.
huge constructed each of
____ 6. On the A
Ferris wheel B
for a world exhibition in Chicago in 1893, C
the thirty-six
held
cabs could D
sixty people.
To overcome matching recipient be
____ 7. A
rejection of a skin graft, a system for B
donor and C
tissues has D
developed.
are make can contain
____ 8. Nails commonly of steel but also substances such as aluminum or brass.
A B C D
suffering may had loss
____ 9. A patient A
from amnesia B C
partial or total D
of memory.
using help stop tries
____ 10. The idea of A
pure nicotine to B
smokers C
was first D
in the mid-1980’s with the
nicotine-laced chewing gum Nicotette.

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE

Choose the letter of the word or group of words that best completes the sentences.
1. The purpose of a labor union is to improve the working conditions, ___, and pay of its members.
(A) jobs are secure
(B) to be secure
(C) job security
(D) the job’s security
2. ___ separates Manhattan’s Upper East Side from the Upper West Side.
(A) Central Park
(B) Where Central Park
(C) Where is Central Park
(D) Central Park which
3. ___ inclined to push for such a reduction, it would probably not be successful.
(A) The Office of Management
(B) The Office of Management was
(C) In the Office of Management
(D) Were the Office of Management
4. Bioluminescent animals___ the water or on land.
(A) live
(B) are living either
(C) they are found in
(D) can be found in
5. When ___ on July 4, 1789, the federal tariff, intended by the Founding Fathers to be the
government’s primary source of revenue, was remarkably evenhanded.
(A) was first enacted
(B) first enacted
(C) was enacted first
(D) it first