Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sociocultural General
Vocational skills Values
knowledge phonetic skills
Acanthus
A thistle-like plant (common to the warm
Mediterranean region) whose narrow and
pointed-lobed leaves, when stylized, form
the characteristic decoration of the
Corinthian and Composite Orders of
columns.
Expository essays
Aim: explanation of concepts, mental constructs, or
conceptions
Style:
Neutral: unmarked by any formal or informal linguistic
choice
Informal: marked by linguistic choices that reflect the
encoder’s easiness with the addressees 1st or 2nd
person p.o.v., simple vocab. and syntax, short sentence…
Formal: marked by linguistic choices that reflect the
encoder’s distance with the addressees a non-personal
or 1st person p.o.v., complex vocab., long sentences…
Definitions
Aim: explain how isolated words (terms or names)
are interrelated with mental concepts, using other
linguistic signs known by the addressee.
Style:
Short: linguistic signs are defined by listing a number of its
individual semantic components and relating these to a
more inclusive class term. They can include references to
illustrative examples.
Long: may point to the origin of a word in a specific
language community with references to meanings in other
languages (usually in a diachronic p.o.v.)
Interpretations
Aim: explain the conceptions which are
manifested in both fictional and non-fictional
texts literary and art criticism.
A text interpretation complements a given text
drawing upon knowledge of other texts and
knowledge of the sociocultural context.
Style
Formal or academical: non-personal 3rd person p.o.v.,
present tense, inductive or deductive expansion…
There are five types of expository text structures:
Sequence or time order (presents events: the French
Revolution)
Listing (explains the features of an object or event:
Acanthus)
Compare and Contrast (involves discussing similarities and
differences: electoral system in Spain and in the USA)
Cause and Effect (outlines reasons for events: Causes for
the recession)
Problem-Solution (discuss a problem and then suggest
possible solutions)
Proposition & Support (Persuasive): The author is often
trying to persuade readers that a problem exists or an
issue exists and must be dealt with in a specific manner.
The author will generally state a hypothesis and attempt
to make a logical argument about what is to be done.
Key words & phrases: because of, the result would be,
based on, the data shows
Sequence structure
first next
second until
third while
last soon
then after
at that time now
during immediately
finally
Listing structure