Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2014
LA TRINIDAD
PHYSICAL PROFILE & SOCIO-ECONOMIC
20141
I. PHYSICAL PROFILE
General Location
The capital town of Benguet Province, the Municipality of La Trinidad is located 256 kilometers north of Metro Manila. It
is bounded on the north by the Municipality of Tublay, on the south by the city of Baguio, on the west by the
Municipalities of Sablan and Tuba. Its geographical coordinates are 16 degrees, 21 minutes north latitude and 120
degrees and 35 minutes east longitude.
The municipality is relatively the most developed settlement in the province of Benguet because of its proximity to the
City of Baguio. It is the gateway of the southern lowlands into the Cordillera Region. Due to its advanced development,
La Trinidad is considered as one of the Central Business Districts of Benguet.
Benguet Province
Accessibility
The municipality is accessible by land transport via the following entry points: from the Mt. Province through the
Baguio-Bontoc Road; from La Union, through the Marcos Highway via the Pico-Lamtang; from Nueva Viscaya through
the Benguet-Nueva Vizcaya Road; from Pangasinan, through Kennon road. All these roads converge at the City of
Baguio. The nearest airport is located in nearby Baguio City, Loakan airport. Baguio- Manila travels take about 45
minutes flight or a 7-hour ride via land.
Total road kilometerage for the whole municipality is 135.2 kilometers. The road network in the municipality exhibits a
strong linear type of settlement characterized by a circumferential road that services the valley floor. Accessibility in the
rural areas is still relatively inadequate, with generally very narrow roads.
Heavy road traffic is concentrated in its main road, the Baguio-Bontoc National Road which traverses the valley proper
and to which all other roads originate. This road is the center of socio-economic activities for the municipality. The
municipality has several radial-circumferential roads that branch out to provide access to interior barangays and sitios
most of which are tire-path roads, generally not feasible for commercial traffic.
1
Prepared by the Research & Evaluation Section, Municipal Planning & Development Office, 2015. All data are based on 2014 data unless otherwise
stated.
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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
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Several public utility vehicles ply around the urban core, majority of which, are public utility jeeps (PUJs). A few taxicabs
ply the areas less served by the jeeps while neither buses nor mini-buses ply in the area, except for those buses that
pass through the Baguio-Bontoc national road leading to the northern towns of Benguet.
Municipality of La Trinidad General Map
La Trinidad has a total land area of 80.795125 square kilometers representing 2.7% of the total province area. It has
sixteen (16) barangays namely: Alapang, Alno, Ambiong, Balili, Bahong, Beckel, Betag, Bineng, Cruz, Lubas, Pico,
Poblacion, Puguis, Shilan, Tawang and Wangal.
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Wangal is the largest barangay with an area of 11.159642 sq. km. constituting 13.81% of the municipality. Puguis is the
second largest area with 10.2182 sq. km. or 12.65% of the municipal land area. The third largest barangay is Alno and
the smallest barangay is Cruz with an area of 0.5659 sq. km. constituting 0.70% of the municipality.
In the process of Updating the Municipality’s Comprehensive Land Use Plan for the next ten years, a new criteria for
classifying barangays into an urban or rural was approved by the National Statistical Coordination Board, resolution no. 9
series of 2003. Following the criteria set forth, there is a slight change in the classification of the barangays in La
Trinidad.
Topography
Characterized by steep mountains and high terrain, amidst the mountain peaks, is an approximately 350-hectare valley.
Across the valley runs the major water body, the Balili River running from Baguio towards the eastern edge of the valley
flowing to the north. The Wangal River, Bayabas, Pico and Puguis Creeks flowing from the mountainsides form the Bolo
Creek which runs across the valley and converges with the Balili River at Poblacion. Draining from the Busol Watershed
are Ambiong Creek, Lubas Creek, and Tawang Creek joining the Balili River from the south.
Creeks in the northeast areas are separated into the east and west by the mountainous and northern part of Alno. Peril
Creek has its basin at Bagto Mountain. It runs through the Alno Valley and reaches the Balili River. Moreover, waters
from Alapang Creek come from Balili River flowing from Bahong Cave. The Gayasi River from Wangal also drains itself
into the Balili River at Bineng.
Prominent mountains are “Marlboro” mountain located at Beckel, Mount Mongo and Mount Mungao located at Bineng,
Mount Yangbeo, Mount Kalugong and Tawang Mountains all located at Tawang and Mount Peripin Bato at Pico. In the
center of the municipality is the valley located within the barangays of Betag, Pico, Balili and Poblacion surrounded by
cliffs and huge mountains of limestone.
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Slope
La Trinidad valley is on plains with rising and falling slopes. It is bounded on the north and northwest by steep slopes.
Comparatively gentle slopes are found from Cruz, Alapang, Bahong and Alno. The municipal mean slope is 40%. Steep
(above the mean) slope areas include sitios Banengbeng, Oring, Amsalsal and Dilad in barangay Bineng.
Relief is high with elevation ranging from 500 to 1,700 meters. The highest elevation is at 1,700 meters on the south-
eastern portion near the Ambuklao Road at Beckel. The valley floor has an elevation of 1,300 meters above sea level.
Bineng is the lowest barangay, with an elevation of 500 meters above sea level at the lowest point of Balili River.
Climate
Seasonal changes in the municipality are typical of the first type of climate under the Coronas Classification System, with
rainy days from May to October followed by the dry spells from November to April.
Rainfall
Data from the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) shows that due
to the La Niña and El Niño Phenomena, we experienced lower annual rainfall compared to the 30-year average from
1971 to 2000 and the previous years to the rainfall in 2012, with 111 mm of annual rainfall. In 2014, there were 198
rainy days wherein August and September were the rainiest months. July was the most humid month at 92%. And the
month of December was the least humid at 84%. The average wind speed is at 11 mps. There were 103 days with
thunderstorm and 63 days with drizzle in 2014.
Temperature
Generally, La Trinidad has a perpetually cool and invigorating temperature. The relatively cool temperature, at a mean
average of 15◦C is due to local wind circulation and mountain breeze, where the months of January, February, and
March being the coldest months; and March, April, May and November, the warmest months.
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In year 2014, the average minimum temperature was at 15◦C and the average maximum temperature was at 23◦C. The
average minimum temperature for the last 5 years is at 14.68oC and the maximum temperature averaged to 23.6oC.
Table 7: Climatological Data 2010-2014
TEMPERATURE ºC Vapor Relative Wind Cloud Days Days
RAINFALL # of
w/ w/
MONTH
Rain
/YEAR Humidity Speed Cover
(mm) y Max Min Mean Dry Wet Dew Pressure Direction Thunder Drizzle
% (mps) (octas)
Days Bulb Bulb Pt. storm
2010 3232 182 25.4 14 17.9 19 18 16 20 86 1008 SE 11 7 128
2011 4033 190 23.6 14.4 19.0 19 18 17 19 88 995 NW 17 6 74
2012 111 26 22 15 19 21 18 19 20 85 20 5 5 3 10
2013 3428 194 24 15 20 20 18 18 20 88 152 15 6 108 75
2014
Jan 0 0 20.9 10.6 15.7 15.5 14.0 13.1 14.97 86 0 0 4 0 0
Feb 0 5 22.4 12.5 12.5 17.3 15.9 15.2 17.03 88 140 10 5 0 0
Mar 5.9 8 24.1 13.9 13.9 18.9 17.4 16.6 19.37 87 140 12 4 2 0
Apr 126.3 19 24.4 15.9 15.9 20.1 18.9 18.3 20.62 90 0 0 5 13 4
May 213 20 25.0 16.6 16.6 20.9 19.5 18.9 21.95 88 0 0 5 22 15
Jun 401.7 27 23.5 16.5 16.5 20.0 19.1 18.6 21.95 92 180 14 7 13 12
Jul 449.2 27 22.8 16.1 16.1 19.6 18.8 18.5 20.62 93 110 17 7 16 7
Aug 527.9 23 22.5 16.0 16.0 19.2 18.3 17.8 20.62 92 250 15 7 11 6
Sep 980.4 26 23.2 16.1 16.1 19.5 18.5 18.1 20.62 92 140 30 7 13 9
Oct 107.1 23 23.6 15.8 15.8 19.7 18.4 17.8 20.62 89 90 10 6 10 8
Nov 39.20 13 24.1 15.1 15.1 19.4 17.6 16.8 19.37 85 110 13 5 3 1
Dec 9.5 7 23.5 14.6 14.6 18.5 16.6 15.6 18.17 84 140 15 5 0 1
Annual /
2860 198 23 15 15 19 18 17 20 89 108 11 6 103 63
Ave.
Table II: Seasonal Temperature Increases (in oC) in 2020 and 2050
OBSERVED Baseline (1971-2000) CHANGE in 2020 (2006-2035) CHANGE in 2050 (2036-2065)
DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON
Benguet 19.4 21.9 22.0 21.20 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.0 2.0 2.1 1.7 1.9
Balili River
Balili River failed. Balili River has its headwaters at Sagudin River located within barangay Trancoville in Baguio City.
Tributary creeks coming from the barangays of Pacdal, Cabinet Hill, New Lucban, Honeymoon, Guisad, and Sto. Niño
(formerly Slaughter) nourish Sagudin River. All the aforementioned tributary creeks converges and flows downstream
converging with the waters from La Trinidad, Benguet, in what is known as Balili River, passing through Sablan and
drains into Upper Naguilian River as one of the major tributaries.
Balili River as per assessment in 1975 is still classified as a “Class A” river. But technically it has “failed to meet the water
quality criteria as per assessment as a ‘Class A’ river. Class A is intended for public water supply, which means that with a
little treatment, the water could be used for drinking. Through the years, this condition continuously deteriorated.
(EMB, 2010)
From 2004 to 2014, water quality monitoring reports of Balili River in the past ten years show that the condition of the
Balili River along the Baguio side exceeded the acceptable benchmark levels in terms of acidity, dissolved oxygen, Total
Suspended Solids and Biological Oxygen Demand. This means that the river waters are already polluted as it enters the
boundaries of La Trinidad.
In 2014, much more suspended solids were observed from Trancoville Bridge at 42 mg/l. However, suspended solids
from Bell Church Bridge and Capitol Bridge has decreased to 38 mg/l and 17 mg/l respectively as compared to the
previous years. The pollution parameters has also decreased where it was expected to worsen as it flows through Balili
River at the Capitol Bridge. Total suspended solids in Pinespark Bridge has also slightly decreased to 74 mg/l from 92.5
mg/l in 2013.
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The same parameters exceed benchmark figures along the La Trinidad area especially during the dry season. Findings on
Total Dissolved Solids and the Biological oxygen Demand are below the standard. In summary, water quality assessment
show the Dissolved Oxygen, the Total Suspended Solids, except for the Dissolved Solids failed to meet the water quality
criteria as a “Class A” river. Continuous advocacy, protection, regulation in sanitation, and rehabilitation programs for
the Balili River are desired for its headwaters in nearby Baguio City and likewise within the municipality itself.
Air Quality
Except for the valley floor area, air quality in the municipality is characterized as generally fair, below the Total
Suspended Particle (TSP) standard of 230 µg/Ncm. In the urban area, sand, dust and smoke emissions are the primary
pollutants. The heavy volume of traffic contributes to heavy amounts of carbon monoxide and particulates. In the rural
areas, unpaved roads are the main source of dust and sand particles.
Air quality monitoring in 2014, stationed at the Municipal Park and at the Capitol grounds, it shows that on the average,
the air quality seem to have improved from unhealthy in 2013 to fair. Though there was an improvement, there is still a
risk for sensitive people with asthma and similar lung problems. Heavy traffic conditions causing smoke emissions at the
Public Market, and the dust, due to the dry weather, make the air quality unhealthy to sensitive groups.
Due to the active fault line and extreme rainfall, La Trinidad is classified as highly vulnerable to geologic hazards such as
landslides and erosions. With the Philippine Fault Zone traversing the municipality, it is probable that it can experience
movement due to sudden slips along the fault lines influencing the area.
In addition, the municipality’s rugged terrain, geologic composition makes it susceptible to ground movements.
Major tectonic faults identified in the Cordillera Region include the Mirador Fault and systems of faulting are found to
the east and west of the municipality. The Mirador Fault is theoretically capable of producing an earthquake of a
magnitude of about 6.5 which is equivalent to the energy release of an atomic bomb. The fault line in La Trinidad comes
from the southeast passing through Poblacion following the Bolo Creek towards the northwest.
Several fault lines have been observed within the area. They are generally oriented in the north-northwest directions,
trending essentially parallel to the Luzon Central Cordillera (Diegor, 1979). The two most notable splays of the Philippine
Fault Zone (PFZ) affecting the area are the Digdig Fault that is located east of Benguet and extends to Nueva Viscaya and
the Tuba River Fault that passes through Camp 1, Tuba, Benguet and extends towards La Union Province. The other
splays of importance are the Tebbo Fault located south of Benguet and the Pugo Fault passing through west central La
Union.
The July 16, 1990 earthquake had a magnitude of 7.8 in the Ritcher scale shook Luzon, wrecking havoc from Nueva Ecija
to Benguet. This was caused by a sudden slip along the Digdig Fault in north Central Luzon. A 125-km stretch length of
the fault ruptured, with displacement averaging 4 meters. The Phivolcs reported two earthquakes lately. In April 14,
2015, 07:55 a.m., an earthquake measured 16.53o North, 120.700 East with a depth of 011 kms., magnitude 3.5 located
018 km N 41° E of Baguio City. Another was on April 16, 2015 at around 6:05 p.m. which measured 16.54o North, 120.65o
East, Depth of 022 kms. magnitude 3.8 located 016 km N 20° E of Baguio City. There were no reported damages after
the earthquake.
Drainage facilities along the highway in the urban area consist of manhole drop inlets with interceptors that cross the
roadway. Existing underground drainage system, curbs and gutters are also found along the national road, inefficient in
conveying run-offs from the adjoining residential and commercial areas towards the Balili River during periods of small
rainfall.
During periods of heavy rainfall, the valley floor, most especially in the strawberry farms of Betag, Pico, and Poblacion
experience flooding. Downstream, in the outskirts of the valley, swelling of the tributaries of the Balili River cause
flooding in farmlands, and destruction of properties.
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Landslide Hazards
Latest studies conducted by the Mines and Geo-Sciences Bureau shows that the municipality is susceptible to landslides
especially in areas where slopes are steep and residential build-up is occurring. These highly susceptible and critical
areas are found in Pico, Balili, Ambiong, Tawang, Bineng, Puguis, and Wangal.
In the 2009 experience of continuous rainfall brought about by typhoons Ondoy and Pepeng, massive landslides
occurred in barangays Puguis and Poblacion, claiming many precious lives, and destroying homes. In areas along the
waterways, many farm lots were destroyed and carried off by the floodwaters. Considering the hazardous characteristic
of the municipality, much care must be taken in considering future developments in order to protect lives, property, and
the livelihood of the farmers.
Land Use
Residential land use accounts for the largest share in urban land use. However, commercial land use is expected to have
the highest demand in urban areas given the municipality’s growing roles as a commercial, educational and agro-tourism
center in the province. Interspersed within residential areas, the commercial area is concentrated along the Baguio-
Bontoc national highway. It is expected that most of the residential buildings along this road shall be used for
commercial space in the near future.
The urban built up has spread at Poblacion, Puguis, Shilan and Alapang, putting pressure for the population to seek
housing sites in their less populated areas.
Special use for irrigation, power and relay stations, sewerage and waste management facilities is likewise expected to
increase, as population grows even more rapidly.
Institutional use is principally for schools, welfare homes, orphanages, home for the aged, rehabilitation and training
centers, military camp, day care centers. Schools are largely concentrated in urban loop road. While de-concentration
efforts have made to site new high schools in the outskirts of the built-up area. And several day care centers are found
in all barangays. More populous and larger barangays find the need to site their day care center nearer to the homes of
the populace. While private schools now are mushrooming, most, with very little space for their students to move
around.
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If the protection of communal and forested areas in Alapang, Puguis, Wangal, Ambiong, Shilan, Bineng and Alno will
continue, squatting in these areas may still be abated. Relief is felt at the Puguis Communal Forest as the municipal
government won its case versus individual claimants along the paved Longlong-Tam-awan road. The establishment of
the actual metes and bounds of the forest in the ground level shall also assist the government in abating professional
squatters from entering into the protected area.
Special Agricultural & Fisheries Development Zones especially the strawberry and cut flower gardens in Betag, Ambiong,
and Bahong has to be continually protected to ensure sustainable agricultural development in the municipality. With the
advent of the new Trading Post, it is expected that commercial establishment will mushroom into the existing souvenir
shops in the area.
Special land uses for future cemeteries and the garbage disposal facility have to be carefully cited and regulated. As of
this writing, an area has been purchased by the municipal government for a public cemetery in Shilan. In terms of the
Solid Waste Management Facilities at Alno, residential houses have mushroomed near the site and are exposed to
geological and health hazards posed from the disposal facility.
The move to develop parks and recreation facilities, without undue sacrifice to the green environment will provide
additional economic opportunities to the municipality.
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Municipality of La Trinidad
Existing Land Use Map
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Built-up Area
The built-up areas are the area of the residential (9.52%) and commercial (1.07%) or a total of 10.59% of
the total land area of the Municipality. With urbanization, it is expected to increase during the next ten
years.
Agricultural Land
Approximately 3,524.08 hectares or 44% of the total land area of the municipality is classified as
agricultural lands. The total cultivated area is 2,993.33 hectares wherein 1,855.75 hectares are
estimated as irrigated. With commercial land use putting pressure on agricultural land use, it is also
expected that agricultural land will decrease. Those areas cultivated with strawberries and cut flowers
shall remain as the Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zones (SAFDZ) at 259.80 hectares as
promulgated in RA 9435 or the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act 1997.
Tourism Areas
The Strawberry Fields and Cut flower gardens are considered areas of significant value for tourism. The
municipality has become one of the major tourist destinations not only in the Province of Benguet, but
also in the country with its vast cut flower gardens and sprawling strawberry fields. Known as the
former “Salad Bowl of the Philippines”, it is now known as the “Strawberry Fields of the Philippines” and
barangay Bahong as the “Rose Garden of the Philippines”. Accomplishments have placed La Trinidad in
the Guinness Book of Records as the maker of the largest strawberry cake.
Forest Land
Forestland occupies a considerable area of 2,437.44 hectares, comprising of approximately 30.17 % of
the total Municipal land area. It is classified into timberlands, grassland, communal forests and
watersheds as identified by the LMS-DENR-CAR and the NAMRIA. La Trinidad boasts of four (4)
Communal Forests at Alapang, Alno, Puguis and Shilan, occupying a total are of 163.09 hectares. The
Watershed areas are found in Busol, Ambiong and the Shelpi Watershed in Wangal with a total land
area of 272.37 hectares.
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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
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The existing total urban area of the municipality is 3.677.96 has. Agricultural land area covers 1,427.08
hectares or 39% of the total Urban Land Area. Institutional is at 613.67 hectares or 17%. Forest
(timberland) covers a total area of 561.34 hectares or 15% of the total urban land area.
Residential Use occupies an area of 520.48 hectares of the urban area and is expected to increase for
the next ten years.
Commercial use is concentrated alongside the Baguio-Bontoc National Highway, occupying an area of
69.80 hectares. Institutional areas occupy 613.67 hectares of the urban area. These include all lands
occupied by Government Buildings, schools, hospitals and the Benguet State University.
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The Infrastructure category which includes road network in the urban area occupies 69.74 hectares and
is expected also to expand due to new road openings and construction of new infrastructures. Rivers
and Creeks or Bodies of Water in the urban area occupy 38.97 hectares.
In terms of land use conversion, a conglomerate area of 61.36 hectares, from 2003 to 2013, were
recommended for approval. Records in 2003 show the highest area for land use conversion at 16.85
hectares, while in 2013, only 0.36 hectares of land were recommended for land conversion. In 2014,
there are 4.07 hectares of land conversions recorded by the Provincial Agrarian Reform Office.
Table 17: Land Acquisition (in hectares) under Agrarian Reform Program (2005-2014)
YEAR/
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 TOTAL
PROGRAM
Land Acquisition & Distribution (LAD)
1.
Voluntary
6.43 12.96 3.37 - 2.60 186.43 - - - - 186.43
Land
Transfer
2. CLOA 6.58 12.96 - 2.20 - 4.24 - - - - 25.98
Non-LAD
1. Land
Use 7.59 7.62 9.10 0.15 10.50 0.25 5.10 0.96 0.36 4.07 65.43
Conversion
Source: MARO Accomplishment Reports, 2005-2014
Land Classification
The Land Management Section of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources reports that
only Barangay Cruz has an approved Cadastral Map. The fifteen other barangays needs corrections and
refinements. But up to this date, no follow-up project is underway.
The Community Environment & Natural Resources Office reports that 1,737 hectares are Alienable and
Disposal Lands, while the total timberland area consists of 4,403 hectares.
In 2005, 27,153 parcels of land and 5,167 buildings were declared for taxation purposes. This increased
to 39,441 parcels of land and 10,511 buildings in 2013. In 2014, there was a decrease of 3,943 for land
and 201 for buildings. According to the Municipal Assessor’s Office, the decrease was due to the result
of the implementation of Section 219 of R.A. 7160 or the 2010 General Revision Act.
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Ancestral Land
According to the ancestral land claims of the native people of La Trinidad, the whole of La Trinidad is
owned by the Ibalois and “can be subject to application for ancestral land ownership”. The balance
between the reality of the different land uses in the municipality and the claims of the heirs of our
ancestors has to be weighed wisely. Several issues have to be addressed by the proper government
agencies to give what is due to the indigenous peoples and to consider the development needs of the
municipality.
III. DEMOGRAPHY
In the last May 2010 Census, the population of La Trinidad was 107,188 persons, growing at 3.09%. In
the previous census of 2007, the population was 97,810 or 24,636 households with a growth rate of
oddly, 5.34%. The previous growth rate from 1995-2000, was at only 1.51%, while the past growth rates
of the municipality shows a growth rate of more than 4% since the 1970’s. Taking a more realistic
growth rate by averaging the four growth rates of the past four census years, we derive an average
growth rate of 3.83% as basis for projected populations.
Adopting the 3.83% growth rate, a projected population for year 2013 is 119,989 persons with 29,997
households. While the expected time for the population to double will be in 2028, after 18.3 years.
Efforts have to be addressed to abate the growth that is most probably due to high in-migration rates
that will put more pressure for the government in the provision of goods and services.
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120000
107,188
97,810
P 100000
O
80000
P 67,963
63,089
U
60000
L 48,523
A
T 40000
28,713
I 22,732
18,551
O 20000 12,415
6,554 7,994
267 3,013
0
Census Yr. 1903 1918 1930 1948 1960 1970 1975 1980 1990 1995 2000 2007 2010
Growth Rate 17.5 6.5 1.1 3.7 4.1 4.1 4.8 5.39 5.39 1.51 5.34 3.09
The barangays of Pico, Balili, and Poblacion are the most populated barangays. Tawang is the fourth
most populated followed by Puguis and Betag. Bineng, Alno, Beckel, are the least populated barangays.
The expansion of economic activities in the more populated barangays of Pico, Betag, Balili, Puguis, and
Poblacion is pushing the people of La Trinidad to situate themselves in the less urbanized areas. In fact,
in terms of population growth rates, Wangal exhibits the highest population growth rate, at 7.02,
followed by Lubas, Tawang and Ambiong. Barangays Wangal, Ambiong, Lubas, and Tawang have in
recent years, also become new residential areas. Surprisingly, the dense barangays of Balili and
Poblacion exhibit negative growth rates in Census years 2007 to 2010. Even Beckel also registered
negative growth.
Due to its distance from the center, Bineng and Alno, have been slow growing barangays. While Bahong,
is growing faster, converting its gardens to residential lots as experienced by Ambiong in the recent
years. Shilan, likewise growing faster, and being the gateway to the north, is the next expansion area for
commercial and residential activities.
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Computed at a growth rate of 3.83%, population projections show that the municipality will reach the
150,000 mark by year 2019. Pico (using its own growth rate) is also expected to reach almost 25,000 in
that same year.
At an average of four members per household, it is estimated that there are about 29,997 households
for 2013. Bineng has the least number of households at 414, and Pico, the highest number at 5,066.
Estimates up to year 2020 are shown in the following table.
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Wangal 1,313 1,405 1,504 1,609 1,722 1,843 1,972 2,110 2,258 2,417
Municipal 27,824 28,890 29,997 31,147 32,341 33,580 34,867 36,203 37,590 39,031
Source: MPDO Estimates
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2000 2007
From Census 2007, the general sex ratio was 96.36%. This means that for every 100 females, there are
96 males. In the CBMS census 2010, the ratio was 99.17, this means that there are 99 males for every
100 females.
Table 22 shows the sex ratios by age group for NSO Census 2007. A ratio higher than 100 indicates that
there is predominance of the male population in that group while less than 100 indicates a
predominance of female population.
Thus, for the young age groups, 0-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years old, there are more males than females.
Compared to the age groups of 15 -19, 20-24, 25-29, where there are more females than males. For ages
30 to 44, there are again more males than females. The same is true for the age group, 55- 59. For the
rest of the older age groups, there are more females than males.
In 2010 NSO Census, there are more age groups where one finds a predominance of males as compared
to 2007. These consist of age groups 0-4, 5-9, 30-34, 35-39 and age groups between 40-44 years old.
Comparing the result of the CBMS Survey result from that of the NSO Census in 2010, the sex ratio of
the CBMS is at 99.17 which means a nearly equal number of males to that of the females. NSO survey
result show that there were 97 males for every 100 females.
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Age Dependency
In census 2000, the age dependency ratio is computed at 60.9. This means that for every 100 persons in
the working age group, 61 persons are dependent on them. Potentially, 39.1% of the population can
(between the ages 15 years old to less than 65 years old) contribute to the production of goods and
services.
This situation changed in 2007, where the age dependency ratio decreased to 31.49, meaning that for
every 100 persons, 32 persons are dependent, lesser than half of the figure in year 2000. Potentially,
there are more people in 2007, 69 out of 100 persons who can contribute economically to the
production of goods and services.
For 2010, the estimated age dependency ratio is 49, meaning, there are 49 persons dependent on every
100 persons. The young-age dependency ratio is 44.35, more than the figure in 2007, but less than the
figure in 2000. 2014 projected dependency ratio show that there is an increase in the labor force of
about 16% from that of the 2010 figure.
The population has a median age of 24.50 years old. This means that half of the population belongs to
the young population (below 24 years old).
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Population by Ethnicity
The original settlers of La Trinidad during the earliest part of its history are the Ibalois. During the census
of year 2000, almost a third of the population or 30% are Kankanaey, 27% are Ilocanos and 23% are
Ibaloi. The remaining 20% consists of 81 different ethnic groups found all over the country. In 2010,
CBMS survey shows that the Kankanaey now comprise 43% of the population. The Ibalois consists of
26% of the population. The rest of the population are of several ethno-linguistic groups from Luzon to
Mindanao, a melting pot of highland and lowland cultures.
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In- Migration
CBMS survey results show that in 2010, there was a total of 33,299 in-migrants in La Trinidad. More than
one third of them or 35% are found in Pico, 19% are in Balili, and 7% are found in Poblacion. The in-
migration rate of La Trinidad is very high at 292.67%.
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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
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Length of Residency
More than one third of the population, at 37%, have been residents of La Trinidad since birth. But
almost one third also, at 30% has been residing in La Trinidad for 5 years and less. And 13% have been in
La Trinidad for 6 to 10 years. This confirms the very high in-migration rate of the municipality.
Household Population 5 yrs. old and over by Place of Residence, 5 years ago
Table 35: Household Population, 5 years old and over by Place of Residence 5 years ago, Census 2000
Place of Residence, 5 years ago Male % Female % Both Sexes %
La Trinidad 27,262 46.23 27,221 46.16 54,483 92.38
Other Municipality/Same Province 891 1.51 972 1.65 1,863 3.16
Other Province 627 1.06 735 1.25 1,362 2.31
Foreign Country 101 0.17 178 0.30 279 0.47
Unknown 492 0.83 496 0.84 988 1.68
Source: NSO, Census 2000
In year 2000, 92% of those living in La Trinidad had resided in La Trinidad for at least 5 years. About 3%
are from the province of Benguet. Another 2.31% are from other provinces and about 0.47% are from
foreign countries.
Table 36: Household Population, 5 years old and over by Place of Residence 5 years ago, Census 2010
Place of Residence, 5 years ago Male % Female % Both Sexes %
La Trinidad 43,405 49.31 44,613 50.69 88,018 92.00
Other Municipality/Same Province 1,948 2.21 2,252 2.56 4,200 4.00
Other Province 1,552 1.76 1,726 0.02 3,278 4.00
Foreign Country 100 0.11 125 0.14 225 0.24
Unknown 0 1 1 0.00
Source: NSO, Census 2010
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NSO Census result in 2010 revealed that 92% of those living in La Trinidad had resided in La Trinidad for
at least 5 years. About 4% are from the province of Benguet, 4% from other provinces and about 0.24%
are from foreign countries.
Voting Population
More than half of the population, at 63% or 61,247 persons were in the voting age group during the
conduct of Census 2007. But out of this, there are only 35,618 registered voters, or 56% of the potential
voting population. This means that the almost half of the existing adult population in La Trinidad, do not
cast their votes here. During the conduct of the May 10, 2010 elections 27,977, or 82% of the registered
voters actually casted their vote. Registered voters increased to 37,295 in May of 2013. As of April 30,
2015, the COMELEC reported a total of 36,169 registered voters which is expected to increase as the
voters’ registration is still on-going and to end by October of 2015.
IV. EDUCATION
As the capital town of the province, the municipality has served as an educational center for its
neighboring municipalities. Second to Baguio City, the municipality is touted as one of the prime
education centers in the province. And the Benguet State University is recognized as one the Centers of
Education Excellence in the country. Aside from being the center of agricultural education, it has
branched out to offer services in undergraduate and graduate studies in the arts, sciences humanities,
natural sciences, humanities and other technical courses.
Literacy
The simple literacy rate has increased since 1995 to 2006 from 94.77% to 97.98%. This slightly increased
to 97.99% during Census 2007. In the CBMS 2010, it slightly decreased to 97.68.
At the barangay level, Cruz has the highest literacy rate at 98.85, followed by Betag, at 98.66%, and Pico
at 98.48%. Poblacion has the highest illiteracy rate at 4.38%, followed by Beckel at 3.85, and Bahong at
3.78%.
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Table 39: Literacy By Barangay and Sex, 10 years old and above, 2010
Literacy Literate Illiterate Not Total
Barangay M F Total Rate M F Total Rate Stated
In Census year 2000, those who have reached at least elementary level was at 30% of the household
population 5 years old and over. In a local study in 2006, it was at 35% of the household population 6
years old and over. This was reduced to 22.4% in 2007 Census.
In year 2000, 14% of the household population 5 years and over, graduated high school. This increased
to 16% in 2006 and 22% in 2007. The same trend is true for college graduates: only 8% in year 2000,
increasing to 13% in 2006, and further increasing to 18% in 2007.
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NSO Survey results in 2010 show that 22,591 or 24% of the total population in school age have reached
Elementary Level. 28,526 or 30% of the population were in high school, where 14,926 are males and
13,600 were females. There were 18,772 Academic Degree Holders, wherein 7,431 are males and
11,341 are females. Noticeably, there are a lot more female degree holders than males. There is a
continuing increase in college graduates where 18,772 or 20% of the total population were able to
graduate.
Table 41: Highest Grade/Year Completed of 5 years Old and Over, 2010
HH Popn
Highest Grade/Year % to total % to total % to total
5 years Male Female
Completed by Sex Population Population Population
Old and
No Grade Completed 2,009 2% 894 1% 1,115 1%
Preschool 2,952 3% 1,552 2% 1,400 1%
Elementary 22,591 24% 12,482 13% 10,109 11%
Ist to 4th Grade 11,016 12% 6,046 6% 4,970 5%
5th to 6th Grade 4,051 4% 2,232 2% 1,819 2%
Graduate 7,524 8% 4,204 4% 3,320 3%
High School 28,526 30% 14,926 16% 13,600 14%
Undergraduate 10,859 11% 5,746 6% 5,113 5%
Graduate 17,667 18% 9,180 10% 8,487 9%
Post Secondary 3,071 3% 1,602 2% 1,469 2%
Undergraduate 544 1% 284 0% 260 0%
Graduate 2,527 3% 1,318 1% 1,209 1%
College Undergraduate 16,363 17% 7,457 8% 8,906 9%
Academic Degree Holder 18,772 20% 7,431 8% 11,341 12%
Post Baccalaureate 1,015 1% 468 0% 547 1%
Not Stated 423 0% 193 0% 230 0%
Total 95,722 47,005 49% 48,717 51%
Source: NSO Census 2010
In 2010, the household population, 3 years old and over, 7.31% was an elementary graduate, while
16.38% were high school graduates. Another 2.55% were post-secondary graduates, 16.35% were
college graduates, and 0.48% had a Master’s Degree.
Table 42: Educational Attainment, Household population 3 years old and above
Sex Male Female Both Sexes
Educational Attainment # % # % # %
No Grade 3381 4.01% 3368 4.00% 6749 8.01%
Day Care 959 1.14% 857 1.02% 1816 2.16%
Nursery/Kindergarten/Preparatory 887 1.05% 854 1.01% 1741 2.07%
Grade 1 1306 1.55% 1185 1.41% 2491 2.96%
Grade 2 1309 1.55% 1074 1.28% 2383 2.83%
Grade 3 1395 1.66% 1073 1.27% 2468 2.93%
Grade 4 1292 1.53% 1082 1.28% 2374 2.82%
Grade 5 1314 1.56% 1056 1.25% 2370 2.81%
Grade 6/7 494 0.59% 411 0.49% 905 1.07%
Elementary Graduate 3398 4.03% 2756 3.27% 6154 7.31%
1st Year High School 1684 2.00% 1388 1.65% 3072 3.65%
2nd Year High School 1778 2.11% 1516 1.80% 3294 3.91%
3rd Year High School 1427 1.69% 1479 1.76% 2906 3.45%
4th/5th Year High School 496 0.59% 454 0.54% 950 1.13%
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Table 43: Household Population, aged 5 to 24 years old who are Attending School, 2007
HH Popn 5 to 24 Age Group
y/o Attending % to Popn 5-9 % 10- 14 % 15 - 19 % 20 - 24 %
Total 31316 70% 8629 19% 8089 18% 10782 24% 3816 8%
Male 14979 33% 4497 10% 4042 9% 4630 10% 1810 4%
Female 16337 36% 4132 9% 4047 9% 6152 14% 2006 4%
HH Pop 5 to 24 y/o Age Group
Not Attending % to Popn 5-9 % 10- 14 % 15 - 19 % 20 - 24 %
Total 13,603 30% 573 1% 305 1% 3,354 8% 9,371 21%
Male 6,338 14% 318 1% 182 0% 1,581 4% 4,257 9%
Female 7,265 16% 255 1% 123 0% 1,773 4% 5,114 11%
Source: Census 2007
Highest Educational Attainment of those attending school, 3 years old and above, 2010
In 2010, there was a total of 29,083 who were attending school, where 5.87% were enrolled in the Day
Care service, 6.22% were in pre-school, 49.37 were in elementary, 21.35% were in high school, 1.33%
were in post-secondary school, 27.61% were in college, and 0.34% were taking their Masteral Degree.
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Children, aged 6 to 16 years old, Not Attending Elementary and High School, 2010
In 2010, a total of 327 children between the ages of 6 to 12 years old were recorded to be not attending
elementary. Barangay Poblacion had the most number of children not in elementary, and Bineng has the
least number. While a total of 590 children between the ages of 13 to 16 years old were not attending
high school. Of the barangays, Puguis recorded the most number while Bineng had the least number of
children not attending high school.
Table 45: No. of Children not attending Elementary and High School
Children 6 to 12 years old Children 13-16 years old
Barangay Not attending Elementary Not attending High School
Alapang 19 21
Alno 2 15
Ambiong 23 23
Bahong 17 36
Balili 32 52
Beckel 7 12
Betag 1 6
Bineng 26 22
Cruz 14 16
Lubas 18 48
Pico 43 89
Poblacion 49 51
Puguis 28 91
Shilan 30 43
Tawang 5 40
Wangal 15 25
Total 327 590
Source: CBMS 2010
Educational Facilities
There are a growing number of pre-schools in La Trinidad today with a total of 33 schools. There
are 24 Public elementary schools in the municipality and one school for special children. In terms of
secondary schools, there are 8 public and 7 private schools. The Benguet State University is the lone
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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014
state university in the municipality and there are 8 private colleges. Moreover, there are a growing
number of vocational/ technical schools. This may be due to the increased demand for skilled workers
abroad. To date, there are 3 public schools and 23 registered private schools. Among the private
technical vocational schools, there are 8 schools with language programs.
Pre- School & Elementary
Table 46: Private Pre-Schools and Elementary Schools by Location, SY 2013-2014
Name of School Category Location
Advocates Academic College, Inc. Pre-school Balili
Benguet Learning Center, Inc. Pre- School& Elementary Wangal
Benguet Lilly Educational Center, Inc. Kinder I & II Shilan
Brilliant Child Christian Academy Pre-School & Elementary Km. 6, Betag
Central Balili Wesleyan Academy, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Balili
Cordillera Career Development College Pre-School & Elementary Poblacion
Epiphany Learning Center Inc. Pre- School, Grades I-V Km. 5, Betag
Full Bright Preparatory School, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Betag
Globalight Vision Center Pre-School, Grade I-IV Cruz
God’s Lamb Academy Pre-School & Elementary Poblacion
Holy Chapel Educational Center, Inc. Pre-School, Grade I-IV Poblacion
HOPE Christian Academy Pre-School & Elementary Km. 5, Balili
Immaculate Heart of Mary School of La Trinidad, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Pico
Immanuel Family Learning Institute of The Phils. Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Ambiong
Keys of the Kingdom Ministries Learning Center Pre- School, Grades I-V Pico
La Trinidad Nazarene Learners Center Pre-School & Elementary Pico
Lifeway Preschool Pre-school Wangal
Little Flower Children’s Home Foundation, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Km. 4, Balili
Molders of Dreams Educational Center Pre-School & Elementary Puguis
Orientian School, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Betag
Our Lady of Nativity School of Ambiong, Inc. Pre-School Ambiong
Philippine Asia Bible College Foundation, Inc. Pre-school & Elementary Pico
Rainbow Mission Int’l Academy, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Poblacion
Royal Educational Achievers School, Inc.- REACH Pre-School & Elementary Pico
San Jose School of La Trinidad, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Poblacion
Shekinah Educational Center of Benguet, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Pico
Star Educational Christian Foundation Pre-School & Elementary Pico
St. Therese School of Tomay, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Bahong
Sunbeam Learning Center Pre-School & Elementary Pico
Super Kids Learning Center Pre-School & Elementary Puguis
The Montessori Academy of La Trinidad, Beng., Inc Pre-School & Elementary Km. 4, Balili
UCCP Integrated School Pre-School & Elementary Cabanao Balili
VETEC Foundation, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Shilan
Source: DedEd, LT Div. Office, 2013-2014, MPDO Survey
Table 47: List of Public Elementary Schools
1. Alapang Camp Dangwa E/S 13. Lamtang E/S
2. Alno Kadoorie E/S 14. Longlong E/S
3. Ambiong E/S 15. Lubas E/S
4. Bahong E/S 16. Pagal E/S
5. Balili E/S 17. Pico Bayabas E/S
6. Balukas E/S 18. Puguis E/S
7. Beckel E/S 19. Tacdian E/S
8 Bineng E/S 20. Tawang E/S
9. Bodiweng E/S 21. Talinguroy E/S
10. Buyagan E/S 22. Wangal E/S
11. Lamut E/S 23. Benguet Special Education Center
12. La Trinidad Central School 24. BSU Elementary Department
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High School
Tertiary Level
Table 49: List of Colleges and Universities by Location
Public 1. Benguet State University Balili
Technical Vocational
Table 50: List of Technical- Vocational Schools by Location
Private with Advocates Academic College, Inc. Km. 4, Pico
Regular Northskills Polytechnic College, Inc.(Formerly BOLTC)
Programs Benguet Vocational School Colleges, Inc. Pico
Cordillera Career Development College Poblacion
Cordillera Quest Betag
King’s College of the Philippines-Benguet Pico
Jekkara Overseas Training. Center, Inc. Betag
JPC Heavy Equipment Training Center
Maxim Clark Academy, Inc.
Montañosa College Km. 6, Betag
La Trinidad Valley Institute of Technology Betag
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With the growing population, there is an increasing trend in enrolment at all levels of education.
Table 51: Enrolment by Pre-School, Elementary, Secondary, and Tertiary (SY 2009-2014)
School SY SY SY SY SY
Level 09-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14
M F M F
/c
Pre-School 1432 1333 3,035 2,709 1,315 1,315
/c /c
Public 57 446 1,319 1,428 807 807 753 751
Private 1375 1293 1,372 1,281 508 508 ND ND
/c
Elementary 11993 12390 13,226 13,110 7,049 7,049 8,194 7,550
Public 8682 8931 9,111 9,391 4,960 4,960 5,766 5,348
Private 3311 3459 3,602 3,719 2,089 2,089 2,428 2,202
Secondary 6040 6228 6,288 6,687 3,333 3,333 3,472 3,728
Public 3523 3653 3,710 3,821 1,864 1,864 1,980 2,150
Private 2517 2575 2,578 2,796 1,469 1,469 1,492 1,578
/c /c
Tertiary 9,800 10,957 11,580 11,921 5413 5413
/c /c
Public 6,680 7,230 7,229 8144 3107 3107 ND ND
/c /c
Private 3,120 3,727 4,351 3777 2306 2306 ND ND
/c
Total 29,307 30,908 34,129 34,427 17,110 17,110
/c
Source: DepEd- La Trinidad District, DepEd-CAR, CHED, : corrected from new data
A decrease is seen in the enrolment in technical/ vocational schools, despite TESDA’s efforts to convince
the young adults to enrol in technical and vocational schools, as there are more employment
opportunities abroad for them.
Of the total school enrolment in 2010 at 37,738, 29, 083 students or 77% of all students were currently
residing in La Trinidad, and 8,655 or 23% of the total student population were from nearby areas.
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Performance Indicators
Elementary Level
In terms of performance indicators, the cohort survival rate, which shows the proportion of
enrolees in the beginning of the grade or school-year who reached grade 6, has decreased from 84% in
SY 2012-2013, 83.35% in SY 2013-2014 and further decreased to a low rate of 73.92 in the last SY 2014-
2015.
The retention rate, the proportion of the enrolment in the school year that continues to be in school in
the following year, is placed at a high 98% for SY 2012-2013 , but decreased to 96.52 in SY 2013-2014.
The transition rate, the percentage of pupils who graduate from one level of education and move on to
the next higher level (from primary to intermediate or from intermediate to secondary), is at 100% for
school year 2012-13 which has decreased to 96.90% in 2014.
The repetition rate, the proportion of pupils who enrolled in the same grade/year more than once to the
total number of pupils in that grade/year during the previous year, is at .88%.
The completion rate, the percentage of first year entrants in a cycle of education surviving to the end of
the cycle, is at a low 73.23% during school year 2014-15.
The Dropout rate, the proportion of pupils/students who leave school during the school year as well as
those who complete the grade/year level but fail to enrol in the next grade/year level the following
school year to the total number of pupils/students enrolled during the previous school year, is generally
nil in the past school-years. In SY 2014-2015, it has increased to a rate of .93%.
The failure rate also shows a very low percentage for the past school years at 0.79%.
The Graduation rate, (the proportion of pupils/students who finished grade 6 in the present year
compared to the number of pupils/students who enrolled in grade 6 in the present year), has been
generally high in the past years, and even higher during the last school year with 98.11% rate for male
graduates and 99.56% for female graduates or an average of 98.85%. It has further increased to a high
99.76% in SY 2014-2015.
The performance indicators in the high school level are generally lower compared to those in the
elementary level. The completion rate is at a low 72.63% male and 89.73% female, and the cohort
survival rate is also at a low 75.62% male and 93.34% female as of SY ’13-’14.In SY ’14-’15, the cohort
survival rate is at 85.23% and the retention rate is at 96.62%.
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Table 54: Performance Indicators, High School Level, SY 2012 – 2013,2013-’14, and 2014 –‘15
SY SY SY
PERFORMANCE ’12- ‘13 ’13-‘14 ’14 –‘15
INDICATORS Ave. Ave. Ave.
M F M F M F
Rate Rate Rate
Cohort Survival rate 70.57/c 91.84/c 81.50 75.62/c 93.34/c 84.07 76.60/c 92.99/c 85.23
Retention rate 97.09/c 100/c 99.44 96.90/c 99.11/c 98.06 94.51/c 98.54/c 96.62
Transition rate 100/c 100/c 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Repetition rate 5.65/c 0.84/c 3.05 3.49/c 0.75/c 2.02 0.88/c 0.06/c 0.45
Completion rate 65.89/c 87.76/c 77.13 72.63 89.73 80.79 ND ND ND
Drop-out rate 3.42/c 1.59/c 2.44 3.90 1.71 2.75 ND ND ND
Failure rate 3.76/c 1.13/c 2.34 3.87 1.41 2.58 ND ND ND
Graduation rate 95.71/c 98.05/c 97.06 95.92 97.31 96.65 ND ND ND
/c
Source: DepEd-Benguet Division, ND- No data available; : corrected from New Data
V. HEALTH
Health Facilities
The 200-bed capacity Benguet General Hospital, one Municipal health Clinic and 22 Barangay Health
Stations are the public health facilities available in the municipality. There are moreover, an increasing
number of private clinics in the municipality and health services also abound in nearby Baguio City.
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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
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The top leading causes of morbidity are primarily due to upper respiratory tract infections, pneumonia,
Non-infective Gastroenteritis and Colitis and hypertension in 2013. In 2014, the same diseases were
found to be the top leading causes of morbidity.
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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
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The top leading causes of fetal death in 2013 are sepsis, Preterm/ Extremely Low Birth Weight,
Congenital Malformation of Heart, and Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Prematurity, Sepsis, and
Pneumonia are the leading causes of infant mortality in 2014.
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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
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In year 2010, 1,015 households, or 4% of the total number of households, had members who did not get
sick. Out of those who did get sick, 71% did not seek treatment for the illness and 24% of household
members sought cure. Almost 43% received treatment from the Benguet Provincial General Hospital,
29% from private hospitals/Clinics, and 15% from the Baguio City General Hospital.
Life Expectancy
The Projected Life Expectancy as set at regional levels has been increasing since 1990 from 59.7 years
old to 67.6 years old for males and 65.6 years old to 73 years old for females for 2010-2015.
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Table 66: Nutritional Status of Pre-School Children (0-71 months, 0- 6 years old), 2011-2014
Year 2011 2012 2013 2014
Category # % # % # % Male Female Total %
Normal Weight 13,828 98.34 13,732 98.25 10773 97.12 6,380 6,009 12,389 97.0
Severely 14 0.10 28 98.25 174 1.57 39 33 72 0.6
Underweight
Underweight 128 0.91 149 0.20 37 0.33 91 90 181 1.4
Overweight 92 0.65 67 1.07 109 0.28 105 85 190 1.5
Total 14,062 100 13,676 0.48 11,093 100 6,615 6,217 12,832
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Environmental Sanitation
WASTE
COMPOSITION
1998
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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014
As to garbage disposal in year 2000, about 73% of the garbage was disposed for collection by the
Municipal Garbage trucks, about 18% practiced burning, and about 6% dumped their garbage in
individual pits. Only 1.4% practiced composting of biodegradable wastes and 1.3% buried their garbage.
A study conducted by the TWG for SWM, in August 2007, shows a great change in the waste
classification done in 1998. Residuals comprise an average of 55%. Biodegradable comprise 37% and
recyclables comprise 8.7%.
Data from the 2014 Solid Waste Management Sector Project, Project Preparatory Technical Assistance
of ADB (PPTA-8115 PHI) for La Trinidad show that about 49% of garbage is biodegradable: organics
comprise 33% while 16% are yard wastes. About 23% of wastes are recoverable materials: paper at
11%, glass at 4%, metals at 2% and plastics at 6%. Other un-reusable wastes are other combustible
wastes and other dry waste for a total of 28%.
WASTE
COMPOSITION
2013
Table 73: Waste Com position from Various Wastes Sources, 2013
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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
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Commercial
Waste Types Institutional Residential Market
/Industrial
Food Waste 5.23 7.90 1.04 16.63
Vegetable/Organic/Food trimmings 22.45 15.89 34.62 28.68
Fish entrails/Chicken Feathers 0.13 0.72
Dead Animals 0.09
Coconuts (husks, trimmings, whole) 2.89 0.73 4.71 1.11
wet and soiled paper 8.93 17.51 7.24 12.61
Garden trimmings, leaves 0.19 3.82
Wood (lumber) 1.01 0.84 0.43 0.13
Glass Bottles (whole, unbroken) 3.46 3.19 8.08 1.80
Metals 0.12 0.48 0.36
Tin can, aluminum cans, bottle caps 1.91 1.32 1.71 0.49
white paper, cardboard, carton 19.40 7.13 1.33 2.96
newspapers, magazines, other papers 4.10 5.01 1.86 0.44
Plastic bottles, PET 2.77 3.35 3.05 1.72
pe Plastics 2.09 0.30 0.37 1.24
Other Plastics, hard plastics 1.68 3.24 3.94 2.24
Plastic bags and wrappers 11.29 17.94 9.76 13.98
Marine shells (oysters, clams, mussels) 0.23 0.46
Textiles, clothes 2.43 2.06 2.23 5.39
Styro 0.82 1.24 0.59 1.03
Leather, rubber 0.89 0.29 2.59 0.84
E-WASTES (CD's, USB's, e-parts, c.phones) 0.13 0.32 0.04
Diapers 3.46 11.45
Hair 0.28 0.02
6.86
Other residuals (cigarette butts, broken
glass, ceramics) 1.23 1.98 1.44
Hazardous wastes (battery, ligh bulbs,
aerosols, pesticides, paint cans, brushes) 0.21 0.18 0.22 0.02
Fines (<10mm) 2.59 5.29 2.48 1.12
TOTAL 100 100 100 100
Source: SWMSP, LT SPAR 2014
SW Sources Generation %
(in metric tons/day)
Residential 52.80 56.45%
Commercial/Industrial 11.62 12.42%
Institutional 3.60 3.85%
Markets 25.52 27.28%
Total 93.54 100.00%
Composite generation rate in kg/capita/day* 0.78
Residential generation rate in kg/capita/day * 0.44
Source: SWMSP TA-8115PHI LT SPAR, 2014
The composite generation rate for La Trinidad, that is the generation rate considering all
possible sources of wastes included in this WACS, is 0.78 kg/capita/day. However, since the wastes from
the vegetable trading posts are not directly affected by the population of the municipality but by market
demand, these wastes will not be used in deriving the SW generation rate that shall be used for the
projections for waste generation as illustrated in the following table. Moreover, management of the
vegetable wastes from the trading posts is different from those of the other sources.
Total waste generation without the wastes from the trading posts, is 72.57 metric tons per day
(Please refer to Table 32 for the breakdown of wastes from the markets.). The trading post residuals was
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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014
included in this total, since this includes wastes from the establishments near the trading posts. The
generation rate is 0.60 kg per capita per day.
Without the wastes from the trading posts, the residential wastes comprise more than 70% of
the solid waste stream. The remaining more than 20% is shared by the other sources.
Considering the households alone, the generation rate is only 0.44 kg per capita per day. The
ensuing table shows that the middle income households have the lowest generation rate at 0.39
kg/capita/day while the high income households have the highest generation rate at 0.62 kg/capita/day.
Among the major waste sources, market wastes have the highest percentage of biodegradable
wastes at nearly 60% and the lowest in recyclables, special wastes and fines.
Commercial wastes have the highest percentage of recyclables at more than 35%, while
residential wastes is highest in residuals at more than 28%. Among these waste sources, biodegradable
wastes are mostly, vegetable/food trimmings, and wet or soiled paper. Recyclables are mainly glass
bottles, white paper, cartons, and other papers; while residuals are mostly plastic bags and wrappers
and disposable diapers.
The loose density varies among the waste sources. The market wastes have the highest loose
density at 182 kg per cu.m., which may be attributed to the weight of the biodegradable materials. The
institutions have the lowest, at 77%, which may be attributed to its recyclables which are mainly paper,
and to its residuals which are mostly plastic food wrappers, and to its biodegradables that are more of
soiled paper.
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Table 78: Waste Type Composition (in %) and Loose SW Density in Major Waste Sources
Waste Type Commercial/Industrial Institutions Residential Markets*
Biodegradables 40.92 46.69 48.03 59.87
Recyclables 35.53 24.02 20.70 10.89
Residuals 20.75 23.82 28.57 28.10
Special Wastes 0.21 0.18 0.22 0.02
Fines 2.59 5.29 2.48 1.12
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Loose Density
107.28 77.49 105.64 182.03
(in kg/m3)
Source: SWMSP TA-8115PHI LT SPAR, 2014
For commercial & industrial establishments, those in the semi-urban and rural areas generate
more biodegradable wastes than those in the urban areas. But the latter generate more recyclables than
the former. Although this result may have been affected by the type of generators sampled, it may also
be attributed to the types of establishments located in these areas.
Among the three (3) HH income classifications, the low-income households generate the least
percentage of biodegradable wastes at 41%, but the highest percentage of residuals at 32% and
recyclables at 24%. The middle-income households generate the highest percentage of biodegradables
at 55% and the lowest percentage of recyclables.
For the wastes from the trading posts and the public markets, majority of the wastes generated
are biodegradable and only more than a quarter are residuals.
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For the vegetable trading posts, (both public and private), the solid wastes generated are mainly
vegetable trimmings. Both sites generate more than 10 tons each daily. The loose density of the carrot
trimmings was not measured but using the plastic sacks where they were stored, the loose density is
495kg/sack.
The main trading post generates trimmings from other vegetables as well as decaying
vegetables. From the characterization of one whole truckload of wastes from the trading post, more
than 96% are vegetable wastes and a little over 3% consists of food wastes, soiled paper used in
wrapping the vegetables, glass and PET bottles, PE plastics used in packing the vegetables, plastic bags
and food wrappers, textiles, and styrofoam food packaging. The average loose density of the vegetable
trimmings from the trading post is 230 kg/cu.m.
The table below shows the projected waste generation based on population for the next 25
years.
Table 82: Waste Volume Projection over Observation Period in 5-year Steps (m3)
Generation/
Collection 2013 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
The estimated 50.07 tons of wastes delivered to the sanitary landfill is composed of more than 25 tons
of biodegradable, nearly 4 tons of recyclables, and more than 21 tons of residuals, special wastes and
fines.
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WASTE
CLASSIFICATION
2013
The increase in the use of packaging materials, which are mostly residuals by
manufacturers;
The increased awareness of residents to segregate recyclables to either re-use,
recycle or sell it to the junk shops;
Lifestyle consumption pattern changes that induce consumers to buy products that
are disposable after a single use;
The propensity of some residents to compost their garbage at home.
Waste Segregation
At least 72.89% of all households in year 2010 claim to segregate their waste. But there are different
ways of segregating. The municipal government advocates for at least three separate garbage cans for
biodegradables, recyclables, and residuals.
A separate study conducted by the TWG for SWM in early 2011 shows that, for those segregating their
garbage, 50% segregate garbage correctly: into biodegradables, residual, and recyclable garbage. At
least 41% segregate the biodegradable from the non-biodegradable, and 9% segregate only the
recyclables.
Recyclables
About 58.9% claim to practice recycling and only 47% actually sell the recyclables to junk collectors.
Composting
Almost 40% claim to practice composting, of whom 7% have a covered compost pit and 18% have an
open compost pit. But only 33% practice composting always, 24% practice composting most of the time,
12% do it once in a while, 3% say it is not applicable (due to lack of space or container for composting).
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As to frequency of disposal for collection, almost one third, 32% of all households dispose of their
garbage daily, 23% bring it out once a week , and 20% of all household dispose their garbage twice a
week.
SWM Information
Knowledge regarding proper solid waste management practices, most often than not, come in the
following order:
1. Television and Radio
2. Billboards, Posters, and tarpaulin
3. Flyers and brochures
4. Family members
5. School
6. Church
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Toilet Facilities
The Municipal Health Office reports that in 2013, 18,936 households had sanitary toilets and
1,118 had no sanitary toilets while 67 households have no toilets. In 2014, there are 20,844 households
with sanitary toilets, 581 without sanitary toilet, and 46 without toilet.
HH w/o Sanitary Toilet No Data 656 450 440 197 1,130 1,118 581
2800 2,169 - -
HH Sharing Toilet No data No data 492 1149
Source: MHO
However, actual CBMS survey results in year 2010 show that 21,184 households or 93% of all
households had sanitary (water-sealed to septic tanks) toilets. And 174 or 3.76% of all households have
unsanitary toilets (closed or open pit), and 34 households had no toilet at all.
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Sewerage Facilities
There is no sewerage system in the municipality. Most often than not, most households release
wastewaters from their household into canals. Much worse are the reports of the alleged households
that release septic wastes into the waterways.
At the strawberry fields of Betag, the La Trinidad Water District put in place a mini - sewerage
facility that will process the waters from the households of Betag before it is released for irrigation. This
is being managed by the strawberry farmers themselves in cooperation with the water district.
VI. HOUSING
House Ownership
In year 2000, about 65% of the populace or 8,597 owned a house and 22% rented a place to stay. In
2010, majority of all households owned a house at 56%. More households now rented a house or room
at 32% and 11% had rent-free houses.
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Table 91: Comparative Type of Housing Structure, 1990, 2000 & 2010
Type of Structure 1990 2000 2010
1. Single 6,859 9,460 15,038
2. Duplex 424 1,562 2,204
3. Multi-Unit Residential 2,038 2,286 8,538
4. Commercial/ Agricultural /Industrial 77 127 179
5. Institutional Living Quarters 2 2 12
6. Not Reported 93 3
Total 9,411 13,528 25,974
Source: 1990, 2000, 2010 NSO Census
Table 92: Occupied Housing Units by Construction materials of the Roof & Outer Walls, 2007
Construction Materials of the Roof
Construction Materials of Total Occuppied
% Galvanized Tile Concrete/Clay Half Galvanized Iron
the Outer Walls Housing Units
Iron/Aluminum Tile & Half Concrete
TOTAL 22,758 100% 20,210 (88.80%) 2,315 (10.17%) 90 (0.40%)
Concrete / Brick / Stone 13,625 60% 11,280 2,219 58
Wood 385 2% 347 11 -
Half Concrete, Half Wood 3,435 15% 3,335 70 25
Galvanized Iron/ Alum 4,727 21% 4,699 13 6
Bamboo/Sawali/Nipa 19 0% 13 - -
Glass 1 0% 1 - -
Makeshift Materials 28 0% 22 - -
Others / Not Reported 538 2% 513 2 1
Source: NSO 2007
In 2010, 63% of the total housing units were made up of concrete/brick/stone, 19% were made up of
Galvanized Iron/Aluminum, and 16% were made up of half concrete and half wood. 2% of the total
housing units were made up of wood while .39% were of other kinds of construction materials.
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Table 93: Occupied Housing Units by Construction Materials of the Outer Walls and Roof, 2010
Construction Materials of the Roof
Total
Construction Materials Tile Half Galvanized
Occuppied % Galvanized
of the Outer Walls Concrete/Clay Iron & Half Wood
Housing Units Iron/Aluminum
Tile Concrete
TOTAL 25,974 100% 21,485 (83%) 2,861 (11%) 1,277 (4.92%) 42 (0.16%)
Concrete / Brick / Stone 16,355 63% 12,854 2,755 467.00 22.00
Wood 474 2% 438 10 5 18
Half Concrete, Half
Wood 4,186 16% 3,362 78 733 2
Galvanized Iron/
Aluminum 4,858 19% 4,766 18 72 -
Bamboo/Sawali/Nipa 43 0% 29 - - -
Asbestos 4 0% 4 - - -
Glass 1 0% 1 - - -
Makeshift Materials 41 0% 25 - - -
Others 6 0% 4 - - -
No Walls 0 0% - - - -
Not Reported 6 0% 2 - - -
Source: NSO 2010
In 2010, 87% had strong materials for both roof and walls. Those with makeshift or salvaged materials
increased to 1% of all households.
Household Conveniences
In year 2000, all households generally had at least in one household appliance. The top five household
appliances include a radio, television, a refrigerator, a video cassette and a washing machine. In 2010,
the top five appliances were LPG Gas stove/ range, mobile phone, television, radio, and a CD/VCD/DVD.
Table 96: Household Conveniences, 2000
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HH Conveniences Number of HH
At least 1 HH convenience 12,536
Radio/Cassette 12,263
TV 9,365
Ref/Freezer 6,196
Video Cassette 3,507
Washing machine 3,095
Tel/ Cell phone 2,725
Motorized Vehicle 1,822
Source: 2000 Census
Electricity
In year 2000, at least 89% of households used electricity for lighting, about 4.6% used Liquefied
Petroleum Gas (LPG) and 3.9% used kerosene.
In year 2010, 97% of all households had electrical connections, where the average monthly electric bill
was P 632.59. The remaining 3% had no electricity, equal to 746 households. The following table shows
its distribution among the barangays.
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Cooking Convenience
In terms of fuel used for cooking, 88% used LPG, 3.7% used electricity, 2.8% used kerosene, and 2.25%
used firewood.
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Land Ownership
With regards to land ownership, at least 35% owned one lot in year 2000. In 2007, almost 50% owned or
are currently amortizing their lot, while 40% are renting.
Rent-free
Rent-free without
with consent consent of
of owner, owner, 231 ,
2,768 , 11% 1%
Rented,
Owned/being
8,401 , 32%
amortized,
14,366 , 56%
Source: Census 2010, NSO
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Facilities
There are at least three facilities that offer social welfare services.
A total of 57 Day Care Centers are located all over the municipality catering to the early education needs
of children 3 to 5 years old. Although established to watch over the children especially for working
mothers, it has also instructional functions, providing pre-school services to the children. For a number
of children with disabilities, the La Trinidad Rehabilitation Center for Special Children (LTRCSC) offers
therapeutic management.
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Clientele Served
There is a prevalence of School Delinquency, Out-of-School youth, Elderly and people needing financial
assistance for health or livelihood purposes. As such the local Social Welfare Office provides an
assortment of services: counselling, casework, and technical assistance to the target clientele. Other
services required by the needy are coordinated with partner public and private agencies.
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Out of the 992 persons with disability, 216 are able to receive various kinds of assistance. At least 40%
are able to receive medical assistance, 29% receive financial assistance, and 26% receive other kinds of
assistance. At least 54% of the assistance came from government, 18% from non-government
organizations, and 28% from other private benefactors.
Table 110: Type of Assistance Received by Sex, 2010
Type of Assistance M % F % Total %
Financial Assistance 54 87% 8 13% 62 29%
Medical Assistance 66 76% 21 24% 87 40%
Educational Assistance 5 100% 0 0% 5 2%
Livelihood Assistance 1 100% 0 0% 1 0%
Discount on Medicine 2 40% 3 60% 5 2%
Others 42 75% 14 25% 56 26%
Total 170 79% 46 21% 216
Source: CBMS 2010
Solo Parents
There were a total of 1,585 solo parents in 2010, of which, 37% were widows/widowers, 24% were
unmarried parents, and 17% were abandoned by their spouses. Of the solo parents, about one third or
37% comprised of males, and two thirds, or 63% were females.
Senior Citizens
There was a total of 3,375 senior citizens in 2010. Out of this number, 66% are members of the Senior
Citizens Association, of which they were issued identification cards. Out of the 66% only 29% are able to
use their identification cards in the availing of discounts in medicines and other services.
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Fire Safety
The fire department reports that through the years, there are more structural fires than any other type.
There were 13 structural fires in 2014. Forest fires increased to 21 in the same year. But year 2010
shows the highest number of fires in the past years. Intermittent brush fires occur during the dry
season. Due to inaccessibility, these fires are abated by barangay fire brigades and private individuals.
Forest rangers have also been stationed in the communal forests, who report forest fires. From the total
of 35 fire incidence, 12 were structural, 21 were forest fires, 2 vehicular and the other were
augmentation.
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Jail Management
There were 91 inmates in the Municipal Jail in year 2014. Out of this, one was sentenced, 46 were
detained, and 44 were eventually released. Report showed that offenders were all males.
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Earthquake 86 1%
Volcanic Eruption 0 0%
Armed Conflict 0 0%
Fire 13 0%
Others 72 1%
Total 6,173 27% of all hh
Source: CBMS 2010
IX. ECONOMY
Income
In 2010, majority of households, at 60% of all households’ source of income were salaries and wages.
While 47% were engaged in entrepreneurial activities. And some 56% had other sources of income
other than their main source. It is deemed that many households do not rely on a single source of
income.
Moreover, for those engaged in entrepreneurial activities, 16% were engaged in farming, livestock and
poultry. Another 16% were into wholesale and retail activities, and 5% were engaged in transportation,
storage and communication services.
As additional sources of income, 14% of households received remittances from abroad, another 14%
had receipts from domestic sources, and 6% made income from rentals.
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In 2012, the incidence of poverty for the Philippines was lower at 19.7%. In the Cordillera, it was slightly
lower at 22.6% and in Benguet, even lower at 2.8% of families living below the poverty line. In
comparison to other provinces, Benguet province ranked the 2nd richest province in the entire country
with a low 4.3 % incidence of poverty in 2012.
Table 120: Comparative Income in the Cordilleras and Benguet, 2009, 2012, 2013, 2014
Poverty Incidence Among Families (%)
Area
2009 2012 2013 2006 2009 2012 2013 2014
Philippines 16,841 18,935 20.0 21.1 20.9 19.7 ND 25.80
Cordillera 16,122 19,483 16.1 18.6 17.1 17.5 ND ND
Benguet 15,820 19,140 4.4 3.6 4.0 4.3 ND ND
Source: http://www.nscb.gov.ph/pressreleases/2015/PSA-20150306-SS2-01_poverty.aspAccessed on June 19, 2015
Recent survey results from the Community Based Monitoring System in 2010 shows that in La Trinidad,
2,230 households are with incomes below the poverty threshold, affecting a total of 11,417 household
members. There are 1,241 households with incomes below the food threshold ( P11,249), affecting
6,447 household members. Worst, there are 290 households who experienced food shortage, affecting
1,202 household members.
For the province of Benguet, the average annual family income is 139,918 (year 2000) while the average
annual family expenditure is P 117,354.
Table 122: Comparative Family Income and Expenditures in CAR & Benguet, 2003, 2006, 2009, 2012
CAR BENGUET
Family Income and Expenditure
2003 2006 2009 2012 2009
Average Annual Family Income P152,000 P192,000 219,000 257,000 P303,525
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Recent survey results from the Community Based Monitoring System in 2010 shows that in La Trinidad,
the average annual income is Php 226,697.
Table 123: Comparative Labor Force and Employment, Benguet and CAR
Labor Force and Employment CAR BENGUET
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Ave 2003 2009 2013
Labor Force Participation Rate 68 68.5 66.9 69.3 66.8 67.9 69 69 -
Employment Rate 95 95 95.1 95.9 94.4 95.08 89.3 91 97.10
Unemployment Rate 5 5 5.9 4.1 5.6 5.12 10.7 9 2.90
Visible under employment rate 17.3 14.6 21.3 - 10.7 12.78 4.6 4.6 -
Source: NSCB Stat Watch, June 10 2015
Nature of Employment
Of the 33,953 employed, 67% have permanent status, where 39% are males and 28% are
females. Another 28% are employed on short-term, seasonal, or casual basis, where 18% are males and
10% are females. Only 5% work on different jobs on a day to day or week to week basis, wherein 4% are
males and 1% are females.
The wholesale and retail trade generates most of the employment in the municipality. This is
followed by agriculture, then by transportation.
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Professionals
A total of 4,544 professionals are found in the municipality, of whom 35% are teachers, 22% are nurses,
and 11% are engineers. In totality, 78% of all the professionals are males, and 22% are females.
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Overseas Employment
In 2010, about 3,364 were employment overseas. About 16% were in Hong Kong, 13% were in
Saudi Arabia, and 9% in Canada. The rest are scattered almost everywhere in the world.
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There has been an increasing number of Overseas Workers. In 2011, there were only 936
overseas workers which has increased to a total of 24,801 in 2014 as reported by the Philippine
Overseas Workers Administration (POEA). This covers Baguio and Benguet.
Table 132: Comparative Employment by Overseas Workers, 2011-2014
Overseas Workers 2011 2012 2013 2014
Land-based 921 18,592 20,933 24,801
Sea-based 15 0 0 -
Total 936 18,592 20,933 24,801
Unemployment and Job Search Method
A total of 1780 were unemployed and were looking for work in 2010, of whom 46% were males and 54%
were females. In applying for a job, 26% answered private advertisements, 25% approached relatives or
friends, and 22% registered in private employment agencies. About 15% approached employers directly
and only 9% registered in a public employment agency.
Table 134: Reasons for not applying for a Job by Sex, 2010
Reasons for Not applying for a Job # % Total
Sex M F M F # %
Believes no work is available 284 161 1% 1% 445 2%
Awaiting results of previous job application 391 402 2% 2% 793 3%
Temporary illness/disability 306 200 1% 1% 506 2%
Bad Weather 23 28 0% 0% 51 0%
Waiting for rehire/job recall 252 172 1% 1% 424 2%
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There are a total of 8,566 registered kinds of businesses in 2014. It has increased by 1,495 and is further
classified according to the Philippines Standard Industry Classification set by the NSCB. Under the new
classifications, the wholesale and retail; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles remained at the top
followed by Real Estate Activities with 1,722.
Construction Sector 25 28 40 46 28 8 22 10
Wholesale & Retail Trade 1760 1825 1745 1875 2298 2350 3,749 4,299
Trans’n, Storage & Comm’n 54 49 46 50 62 50 42 50
Financing, Real Estate, Insurance 605 661 624 748 871 1054 1,155 1,411
Commty, Social & Personal Serv. 639 590 561 674 754 788 831 875
Education 27 32 35 35 28 34 35 37
Manufacturing 134 136 98 328 200 191 238 263
Total 3,312 3,392 3,230 3,799 4,323 4,513 6,184 7,057
Source: Licensing Section Accomplishment Reports, 2005-2012
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24. Benguet Operators and Drivers Association MPC (BODA) Buyagan Poblacion
Agriculture
There were 3,200 farming households in 2010 among 5,477 farmers, fishermen, and foresters. The total
agricultural area is 1,350.8 hectares, wherein 907.55 hectares are irrigated lands and 443.29 are rain
fed. While vegetables had remained to be the main agricultural crops, cut flowers and strawberries,
plantation crops had gained headway as a better source of income.
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Tenurial Status
Among these farming households, 68% owned or have an owner-like possession of the farmland, and
another 8% do not own the farmland, but farm the land with the consent of the owner, and about 22%
pay rent for the use of the farmland.
Land Area
For most of the farmers, at 87%, their farmlands are less than 1 hectare. At least 12% of the farming
households have a wider farmland area of 1 to 3 hectares, and only 1% cultivate 3.1 hectares to 5
hectares of farmland.
Agricultural Implements
The most common agricultural tool among farming households is the insecticide sprayer, at 76%. The
irrigation pump comes in next at 25%, then the harrow at 21%.
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Livestock- Raising
Livestock and Poultry has remained a backyard enterprise, with swine and poultry a popular favorite
among the growers. This is due to the small amount of capitalization, the use of a comparatively smaller
space at the backyard, and the climate conditions conducive for animal growth. About 379 households
are involved in livestock-raising. Majority, at 54% are involved in hog fattening, 28% in chicken-raising,
and 7% in sow-raising.
Benguet State University likewise maintains its goat and egg farms for the production of fresh milk and
eggs. While the Benguet Provincial Veterinarian’s Office maintains its Artificial Insemination Center,
catering to swine, carabao and cattle.
Table 145: Livestock and Poultry, 2014
Livestock/Poultry Type Product Market Heads
No. of Heads
Slaughtered
Cattle Backyard Local Market
Carabao Backyard Local Market
Horse Paltingan Corral, Wangal
Backyard
Swine Backyard Local Market
Goat Backyard Local Market
Goat Farm (BSU)
Poultry Backyard Local Market
Egg Farm (BSU)
Source: Office of the Provincial Veterinarian
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Fishponds
There are a few water bodies found in the municipalities with a total aggregate area of 8.23 tons. Some
fishponds and clean water bodies have been piloted by the Municipal Agriculture Office in coordination
with the Bureau of Fisheries & Aquatic Resources. To date, there are about 35 fisher farmers in the
municipality. Total Fish Catch in 2009 was 8.22 tons. This was reduced to 1.9 tons only in 2013 and 1.8
in 2014.
Table 146: Comparative Fish Catch 2009-2014
Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Catch
8.22 3.5 3.5 3.5 1.9 1.8
(tons)
Postharvest Facilities
Trading Post
The La Trinidad Vegetable Trading Post (LTVTP) is considered the center of economic activities in the
municipality. With its establishment in the early 1980’s, purposely to serve as a marketing arm of the
vegetable industry of Benguet, it has spurred economic growth in the municipality. Many commercial
enterprises have been established as a result of the wholesale trading in the Trading Post. The LTVTP
was constructed under funding through the Economic Support Fund. Total cost of the project was P 12.4
M, with a 30% loan component at P 3.7 M and a 70% grant component at P8.7M.
While the LTVTP has been a boost to the economic activities in La Trinidad more than thirty years ago, it
has long been over congested. A P65 M new modern Trading Post and processing plant is now under
construction in a four-hectare lot owned by the Benguet State University Compound at the Strawberry
Fields of Betag.
The state-of-the-art facility will have several warehouses, cold storage, commercial areas, processing
center and post-harvest facilities as a conduit in developing a vibrant agricultural marketing system in
Benguet.
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It shall be co-managed by the Department of Agriculture, Provincial and Municipal local governments,
Benguet State University, and the Farmers’ Groups. Project funds came from the Department of
Agriculture and the Korean International Cooperation Agency. This Trading Post is in its completion
stage.
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Tourism
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Tourism
rism Spots
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Transportation
Road Network
La Trinidad has a total of 135.28 km of registered roads, occupying an area of 159.13 hectares. Out of
these, 22.33% are administered at barangay level, 48.17% at provincial level, 27.85 % at national level
and only 1.65% at municipal level.
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Traffic
As part of the Extension Program of the Department of Engineering, St. Louis University, a traffic study
was conducted in October 2012. Findings show that, in a day, a total of 7,722 vehicles passed through
the main thoroughfare (Baguio-Bontoc highway) from the foot of the capitol going towards Baguio.
From Baguio, towards Capitol, a total of 4,287 vehicles passed through the same road. At a maximum,
895 vehicles (or 50% of all vehicles) pass through this road per hour.
From
Baguio to
La Trinidad
From La
Trinidad to
Baguio
Power
Total Households Served
The Benguet Electric Cooperative (BENECO) serves the electricity needs of the Province and Baguio City.
Its main source of power is provided form the Wholesale Electricity Spot Market, the Sual Power plant,
and the Bineng Mini- Hydro Electric Plant. In the municipality, there has been an increasing number of
power connections from a total of 20,363 consumer connections in 2007 to 25,690 connections in 2013.
Records of the BENECO in 2014 show that there was a total of 26,215 connections, most of which are
provided for residential use. All barangays are served by BENECO except for a few far flung sitios.
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The electricity demand for the Municipality of La Trinidad is supplied by the following power sources.
Domestic Water
Water delivery has also become a secondary source of domestic water especially during the dry season,
where 241 cu.m. is delivered per month . During the rainy season, LTWD delivered about 36 cu.m. to
different household. Another 42 private water deliveries are also available.
Table 153: LTWD Consumption and Meter connections by Type of Consumer, 2008-2014
Consumer 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Residential 9,763 10,395 10,949 11,544 11,840 12,290 12,707
Commercial 1,038 1,044 1,058 1,061 1,030 1,045 1,043
Government 97 109 119 128 128 105 116
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There are about 1,985 households that use deep wells either for their own use or shared with other
households. While 272 use shallow wells and 162 households use dug wells. There are still a large
number of 1,259 that have level 1 water sources, directly from the rain, spring or rivers. Other water
sources may include water deliveries.
For year 2014, the Municipal Health Office reports that 97% of all households have access to water
through a Level III system. About 3% have access to Level I water sources.
For 2010, the main source of drinking water is bottled/purified/distilled water (considered by authorities
as safe drinking water), with 12,441 households or 54.98% of all households.
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For those households who do not use bottled / purified / distilled water, for 6,499 households or 62% of
all households, the source of drinking water is still within the premises of their home. For 19%, their
main source of drinking water is outside their premises within 250 meters or less. And for 8%, access to
safe water is more difficult.
Table 157: Distance of home to the Main Source of Drinking water, 2010
Distance of the Source of Drinking Water from home # of hh %
Within premises 6499 62%
Outside premises but 250 meters or less 2023 19%
251 meters or more 847 8%
Don’t know 1,049 10%
Total 10,418 100.00%
Source: CBMS 2011
Communication
Telephone Services
The Philippine Long Distance Company operate landline telephone facilities in the municipality covering
the urban areas. With mobile phone repeater stations located in the municipality, the use of mobile
phones has gained headway.
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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014
Development Concerns
Our Vision
Our Mission
Our mission is to provide for adequate and responsive services to enable our citizens to live in
comfort, security, and prosperity, through maximum utilization of resources, active people’s
participation, active partnership with government organization and the private sector and
dedicated public services.
Our Goals
a. Improve quality of life;
b. Accelerate economic growth;
c. Improve access to basic services and facilities &
d. Provide a sustainable green, clean and aesthetically pleasing environment.
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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014
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Budget
Classified as a first class municipality by the Department of Budget and Management, the municipal
government had an operating of P 246.02 M, with an Internal Revenue Allotment from the national
government of P 156.60 M. Budget for the current year increases in the local revenue of the
municipality for the past years are due to the efforts to increase tax collection efficiency and the
apparent boom in business and commerce.
300
246.02
250
217.07
Total Budget (in millions)
200 185.87
166.23 164.72
147.7 155
150
100
50
0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Of the total budget in 2015, 37% goes for Personal Services, 42% goes to Maintenance and Operating
Services and 3% goes to Capital Outlay. About 5% goes to Disaster Risk Reduction Expense/Statutory
obligations/Non-office expenditures and 20% Development Fund. Part and parcel under Personal
Services include salaries and wages and other premiums for government personnel.
In terms of Maintenance and Other Operating Expenditures, a large chunk goes to programs and
projects implemented by each office aside from the regular operating expenses of the office. Non-Office
Expenditures include other benefits due to personnel, the Calamity Fund and the 20% Development
Fund, where most of the infrastructure projects are funded from. It is noted also that the local
government exceeds the mandated 20% allocation of the Internal Revenue Allotment.
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Revenues & Receipts
Total Income has increased from Php 141 M in 2008 to PhP 261 M in 2013. But expenses have also
doubled from Php 121 M in 2008 to Php 188 M in 2013. In terms of net income, Php 20 M was realized
in 2008, and this has increased to Php 73 M in 2013.
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Revenue by Source, 2014
Local Taxes, Permits and Service
64, 22% Licenses, 15, Income,
5% 18.5, 6%
Out of the sources of income for
2014, 50% came from the National
coffers (other income). Of the local
sources, Business Income
accounted for 16%, Tax Revenue at
22%, Service income at 6%, and
Permits and Licenses at 5%.
Business
Income,
44.9, 16%
Other
Income, 145,
51%
Source: Mun. Accounting Office
160
140
Budget per sector (in millions)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Economic General Public Social Dev't. 20% 5% LDRRMF Aid to
Dev't. Services Services Services Municipal Barangays
Dev't. Fund
2013 2014 2015
At least 20% of the Internal Revenue Allotment is required by law to fund development projects, known
as the 20% Municipal Development Fund, the amount in 2014 was Php 27.50M and for 2015, Php 31.5
M.
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Table 164: 20% Development Fund Programs, Projects, and Activities, 2013-2015
Programs and Projects 2013 2014 2015
I. Social Development Services
A. Health Services 1.1 1.0 0.00
B. Social Welfare & Development Services 1.25 2.0 3.30
C. General Public Development Services 5.15 .30 4.30
II. Economic Development Services
A. Infrastructure Services 4.45 1.14 12.86
B. Agricultural Services - 9.26 1.50
C. Commerce, Trade, & Industry Services 0.5 5.20 5.00
D. Domestic Water Development Services 0.5 .50 12.86
III. Environment & Natural Resources Preservation Services
A. Solid Waste Management Services 10.6 6.95 4.53
B. Forest & Watershed Protection Services 0.75 .95 0.00
C. Drainage, Sewerage, & Flood Control Services 0.7 .20 0.00
TOTAL Php (mil) 25 27.50 31.50
Source: 20% Development Fund, 2013-2015
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Economic Enterprise 42 10 52
SVHR 2 0 2
Sub-total 131 75 231
Casual Employees 5 2 7
Job order Employees 79 50 129
Co-Terminous Employees 2 2 4
Elective Officials 9 2 11
TOTAL 221 129 382
Source: Human Resource Management Section, Mayor’s Office
Municipal Officials
Table 166 : Newly Elected Municipal Officials (July 2013- June 2016)
Municipal Mayor Hon. Edna C. Tabanda
Municipal Vice Mayor Hon. Romeo K. Salda
Councillors Hon. John G. Botiwey
Hon. Horacio A. Ramos, Jr.
Hon. Roderick C. Awingan
Hon. Estrella B. Adeban
Hon. Joey Jovencio L. Marrero
Hon. Francis A. Lee
Hon. Henry M. Kipas
Hon. Renato B. Tereng
Ex- Officio ABC President Hon. Teddy M. Quintos
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Table 168: List of Punong Barangays (October 2013-2016)
Alapang Hon. Rolando P. Leon
Alno Hon. Jonie S. Puroc
Ambiong Hon. Teddy M. Quintos
Bahong Hon. Johnny Q. Monang
Balili Hon. Ramon B. Tomin
Beckel Hon. Allan Y. Maliones
Betag Hon. Peter D. Comila
Bineng Hon. Felix M. Sito
Cruz Hon. Charles T. Canuto
Lubas Hon. Roger L. Angel
Pico Hon. Juan A. Mendoza
Poblacion Hon. Manuel A. Dulnuan
Puguis Hon. Sonny Victor D. Balanoy
Shilan Hon. Mariano T. Caluza
Tawang Hon. Denver D. Gomeyac
Wangal Hon. Valentino R. Walang
Community Participation
As to the participation of the populace into community affairs, there are 8,678 persons who are
members in community organizations. At least 24% are members of civic organizations, 17% are
members of the Senior Citizens Association, and 16% are members of a cooperative.
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Table 170: Access to Government Programs by Type, 2010
Type of Govt Program # %
Recipient of CARP 117 1%
Philhealth for Indigents 4142 42%
Supplemental Feeding 992 10%
Health Assistance 2469 25%
Education / scholarship 557 6%
Skills or livelihood training 130 1%
Housing program 109 1%
Credit program 1082 11%
Others 320 3%
Total 9918 44% of all hh
Source: CBMS 2010
In 2012, the state of Local Governance Performance of the municipal government report is
indicated below in 5 areas of governance. With 5 as the highest rank, the municipal government of La
Trinidad excels in its participation, transparency, financial accountability, administrative governance
particularly the Human Resource Management and Development, Social Governance, and in Forest
Ecosystems Management. In most areas of governance, although not excellent, the local government is
doing fairly well. Priority Areas that need improvement are in Entrepreneurship, Business and Industry
Promotion and Support to Agriculture Services.
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Peace, Security and Disaster Risk Management 4.79 4.97 3.71 4.78
Economic Governance
Support to Agriculture Services 4.00 4.67 4.67 3.71
Entrepreneurship, Business and Industry Promotion 3.50 4.67 4.27 3.94
Environmental Governance
Forest Ecosystems Management 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
Urban Ecosystems Management 2.59 4.48 4.28 4.65
Source: State of Local Governance Performance, Electronic Report, 2009-2012 ( 5: Highest)
Local Achievements
2010 Best “One Town, One Product” Implementer Award, National Finalist
This document is prepared by the Research and Evaluation Section of the Office of Municipal Planning and
Development Coordinator. Special thanks to Sally Sacpa for the Collated CBMS Data.
Robelyn Madayag
Statistician I
91