RIPH – Module 2 Learning Task and Independent Activity

Name: Ian Mar T. Valenzuela

DMD 1-A

First Voyage Around the

World by Antonio
Pigafetta
Who is Antonio • He was born sometime in 1491 in Vicenza, Venice, Italy.
Pigafetta? • He was the firstborn of Giovanni Pigafetta to second wife, Angela
Zoga.
• He studied astronomy, geography, and cartography.
• He served on board the galleys of the Knights of Rhodes at the
beginning of 16th century.
• He had accompanied Monsignor Chieregati when he was assigned
as Papal Nuncio to Spain in 1519.
• In the same year, he became acquainted with the lucrative spice
trade and had heard the news of the voyage to be led by
Ferdinand Magellan.
• Later, he joined the Portuguese captain Ferdinand Magellan and
his Spanish crew on their trip to the Maluku Islands.
• While in the Philippines Magellan was killed, and Pigafetta was
injured. Nevertheless, he recovered and was among only 18 of
Magellan’s original crew who, having completed the first
circumnavigation of the world, returned to Spain on board
another vessel, the Victoria.
• Most importantly, Pigafetta kept a journal of his voyage, and this
is a key source for information about Magellan’s famous journey.
He had then presented this handwritten book to Charles V, but
sadly was not impressed in the slightest. Pigafetta received no
honor or compensations beyond his wages.
• On his way home, he passed by Portugal and France, and shared
information to people, information in which he had also input in
his journal.
• Unlike King Charles V, the Pope in Italy was deeply impressed by
this, and so he offered Pigafetta a temporary residence while he
prepared his manuscript for publication.
• The original journal of Pigafetta did not survive the test of time,
and what was handed to us was just the manuscript that never
came out of the press during his lifetime.
• Later in his life, he joined the navy of the Order Saint John, also
known as the Maltese Navy in its battle against the Turkey.
• He died sometime in 1534.

What are the events that • In the 15th century, spices were in high demand among Europeans
led to the writing of the because of its multiple uses and purposes, including healing
purposes, preservation for food, and food improvements.
First Voyage around the • It is said that the aromatic spices of cloves and nutmeg, grown
World? only in the remote Spice Islands of present-day Indonesia, were
said to be worth their weight in gold and were some of the most
valuable traded commodities.
• The Portugal and Spain were in fierce competition which is which
to discover the said island. Because of this, the Treaty of
Tordesillas, were put to effect. It was an agreement between the
two conflicting countries to settle problems over lands explored
by Christopher Columbus.
• This treaty allowed Spain to claim any territory discovered to the
west, and Portugal to claim any territory discovered to the east.
So, then the race started, by sailing in opposite directions around
the world and across Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean
respectively.
• Neither of the two Iberian powers knew where this supposed
Spice Island is and haven’t got an accurate location for the said
Island. This then resulted to improvisations of the world map,
and even the first map of Australia.
• In 1505, Magellan joined the fight, traveling to Malaysia, India,
and Indonesia. He was then accused of illegal trading and fell out
with Manuel I, who turned down his proposal to locate a new
spice route. That was his last few days in service to Portugal.
• He was completely convinced that it is through the west that he
could map a new route to India and Indonesia. That is when he
abandoned his loyalty to Portugal and headed instead to Spain
who was actually enroute to the west. With little time, he gained
citizenship and Charles V’s blessing for a five-ship journey to the
west.
• Pigafetta wrote the journal onboard in one of the five ships
during the expedition. The “First Voyage Around the World”, was
written in his narrative and cartographic record journal,
“Chronicles of Magellan Expedition”.

What the content is all • In March 16, 1521, the ship Pagafetta was in arrived in Zamal
about? What important (Samar), in an island was called Humunu (Homonhon). The
historical information natives residing in there welcomed them warmly by giving them
found in the document some of their local products such as figs, coconut, and palm wine.
“First Voyage around the • Magellan named the district that they were staying in as the
World”? archipelago of San Lazaro, as they were discovered on the Sunday
of St. Lazarus.
• On March 31, 1521, Magellan succeeded in his plan to influence
the faith to locals and spread the doctrine of Christianity. In this
day was the first mass in our country happened. The natives
residing there immediately disregarded their beliefs and God
which they called “Abba”, and fully embraced Christianity which
Magellan first introduced.
 • On April 7, Magellan and his crew went to Zubu (Cebu) upon
hearing notable reports about the said island from the King of
Mazaua. He fired mortars as a “sign of peace and friendship”. It
was also recorded that there was a tension between the captain
and the king of Zubu and had threatened them to rage war.
• A negotiation was put on effect through a notary. As per the
tradition, the King of Zubu asked for a drop of their blood, and the
king to him in return, as a sign of their new friendship.
• On the fourteenth of April, Magellan had successfully encouraged
the king to be a Christian, and had showed the image of child
Jesus and a cross, aside from teaching them lessons of
Christianity. The child Jesus is known today as Santo Nino which
is celebrated every January in Cebu. That day, a mass was held
and 800 souls were baptized.

What is/are the • This journal by Anotonio Pagafetta is a proof of how rich and
contribution and relevance independent our country, the Philippines, was in the pre-colonial
of the document “Customs era.
of the Tagalogs” in • It has also greatly contributed not only in the history, but also in
understanding the grand the fields of navigation and geography.
narrative of Philippine • The natives in pre-colonial era was all about hand gestures, and
History? they only built images of their idols. One God that was mentioned
in this account was “Abba”. Christianity, being the most dense
religion in the world, was introduced to them by Magellan, and
was then immediately welcomed and practiced. It has since then
became a huge part in our culture and beliefs.
• Since Magellan’s expedition was enroute to east through west, it
is a proof then the Earth is indeed not flat.
• This account of Pigaffeta was of major contribution to the
Philippines’s historiography specifically in the Visayas islands
since major depictions of what life was then during the 16 th
century was present in this account.
• Different native products during the pre-colonial period such as
palm wine, figs, and coconut were also present in this account. It
proved that the Philippines was rich in natural resources during
that era.
• It described the barted trade during 16 th century. It was evident
that Filipinos had somehow valued knives more than anything.
• It also described the physical appearance of our ancestors: gold
armlets, tattoos, gold earrings of different sizes, kerchiefs on their
foreheads.
• It had also narrated how behind the Filipinos were in terms of
warfare (they were not aware of the existence of
gunpowder), manner of clothing, and system of writing.
• They found a strait that connected the Atlantic and Pacific
Oceans, and had named it Strait of Magellan.
Customs of the Tagalogs
By Juan de Plasencia
Who is Juan de • Fray Juan de Plasencia (real name: Juan de Portocarrero)
Plasencia? • born on early 16th century in Spain, to the Portocarreros family
• known to be a defender of the natives
• He and Fray Diego de Oropesa were assigned to do mission works
in the Southern Tagalog area.
• was part of the first Franciscans missionaries who arrived in the
islands on July 2, 1578
• was credited with the foundation of a large number of towns in
the provinces of Bulacan, Laguna, and Rizal
• authored several religious and linguistic books
• wrote The Doctrina Cristiana - 1st book ever printed in the
Philippines
• wrote Relacion describing the political, social and economic and
cultural practices of the Filipinos
• died in Liliw, laguna in 1590

What are the events that • was written by Spanish friar Franciscan friar during the early
led to the writing of the 16th century
Customs of the Tagalogs? • the government had a difficult time running the politics in many
places
• Filipinos were allowed to hold the gobernadorcillo position,
which is the judge that carries charges or responsibilities of
leadership and economic administration
• Friars were then assigned to supervise and monitor what the
gobernadorcillo does
• Because the colonial officials did not do gheir duties right, Friars
ended up doing their duties
• Friars became most knowledgeable and influential figure in
pueblos (pueblo is the Spanish word for "town" or "village")
• Fray Juan de Plansencia was tasked to document the customs
and traditions of the colonized (natives), based on his own
observation and judgment.
• The Customs of the Tagalog was intentionally made to provide an
eroticize description of the
• Tagalog natives, clearly fed by politics and propaganda, Juan de
Plasencia wrote the Customs of the Tagalog to see the continuous
progress of the Native culture in the Philippines.

What the content is all • mainly focuses on the government, administration of justice,
about? What important slaves, inheritance and dowries
historical information
found in the document • every barangay (a tribal gathering consists of 30-100 families
“Customs of the Tagalog”? together with their slaves) have their own Dato,who has all the
authorityfollowed by the Maharlikas, commoners and slaves.
• children were divided between the married Maharlika and slave
(Namamahay or Sa Guiguilid)
• dowries were given by the men to the women’s parents before
marriage
• Filipinos had established Simbahans which are places of
adoration because this is where they gather when they wish to do
a feast or worship
• One idol that was mentioned was Bathala which signifies “all
powerful” or “maker of all things”
• They also worship the sun, the moon and even the stars.
• They practiced divination.
• The status of the deceased ais a major factor in the manner of
burying he or she will have.
• They also have distinctions among the priests of the devils such
as: Catolonan, Sonat, Mangaguay, and Manyisalat.
• Almost all of these beliefs were erased through the teaching of the
holy gospel.
What is/are the • The account vividly describes the way o life of the Filipinos before
contribution and relevance Spanish and Christian influences.
of the document “Customs • It is very useful in many fields just like in Political Science
of the Tagalogs” in because it provides information about the social classes, political
understanding the grand stratifications and legal system specifically of the Tagalog region.
narrative of Philippine • It also gives information about property rights, marriage rituals,
History? burial practices and the justice system of the era in which it was
made.
• Unknown superstitious beliefs as well as customs and traditions
were finally accounted for.
• It tackles our historical knowledge about manananaggal, aswang,
and stuffs like gayuma.
• Priests and missionaries also read Plasencia’s Customs of the
Tagalogs and Doctrina Christiana because they contain insights
that can help and inspire them to become evangelizers.
• Plasencia’s historical writings also disprove the claim of some
Spaniards that when they arrived in the Philippines, Filipinos
were still uncivilized and lacking in culture. It is clear in the
excerpts quoted that at time Plasencia was assigned in the
Tagalog region, Filipinos were already politically and
economically organized,
• They had functioning government tax system, set of laws,criminal
justice system,indigenous calendar and long standing customs
and traditions.Moreover they had a concept of a supreme
being(Bathala),practiced burial customs and believed in life after
death.
 • All of these lead to the conclusion that prior to the coming of the
Spaniards, Filipinos were already civilized and maintained a
lifestyle that was on a part with or even better than that of the
people from other countries in SouthEast Asia.

Kartilya ng Katipunan
By Emilio Jacinto
Who is Emilio Jacinto? • known as the brains of the katipunan
• was born in Trozo, Manila ,on December 15,1875
• was the only son of Mariano Jacinto and Josefa Dizon
• Shortly after he was born, his father passed away and his mother
sent him to live with his uncle, Don Jose Dizon, one of the
founders of Katipunan.
• He enrolled at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran in Intramuros.
He then transferred to the University of Santo Tomas to take up
law. Emilio left college before completing his law degree.
• was one of the highest-ranking officer in the Philippine
Revolution and was one of the highest-ranking officers of the
revolutionary society Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galang na
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan, or simply and more popularly
called Katipunan
• was elected Secretary of State for the Haring Bayang Katagalugan,
a revolutionary government established during the outbreak of
hostilities
• Served as the spokesperson for the Katipunan, as well as handling
its finances
• He died on April 16, 1899. General Emilio Jacinto was just 24
years old.

What are the events that • Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Z.LI.B. (Duties of the sons of the
led to the writing of the People) was the supposed name for this document.
Kartilya ng Katipunan? • Initially, it has 14 paragraphs that carries the values each
Katipunero should have.
• Andres Bonifacio, as known, was the one who wrote “Duties of
the Sons of the People”, and were faithfully followed by each
member in the said katipunan. This decalogue is deeply reflected
to said article.
• Although the two accounts can be seen as similar, there is actually
a difference between them. The Kartilya ng Katipunan was much
longer than the former. Not to mention how philosophical it was
in the account.

What the content is all • KKK stands for the “Kataas-taasang Kagalanggalangang
about? What important Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan.”
historical information • It is revolutionary society that wants the freemen and
independence of the Philippines from its oppressors.
found in the document • It also aimed to teach Filipino people good manners, morals, and
“Kartilya ng Katipunan”? to encourage people to fight back and to help themselves.
• In order for one to join KKK, he should have the full
understanding and knowledge of its guiding principles.
• The applicant should be renounce all acts of evil; hence, he shall
submit to the authority of the sacred commands of the
Katipunan.
• Being a Katipunero have constant war with evil, and therefore, it
is not for those who wants to lead a life of comfort and ease
• Payment of dues is required: one peso upon entry and then
twelve centimos each month.
• The Katipunan emphasizes the fourteen rules that they need to
abide with
1. A life that is not dedicated to a reasonable purpose is like a tree
without a shade, if not, a poisonous weed.
2. A deed that is made out of self-interest is not virtue.
3. It is rational to be charitable, loving one’s fellowmen, and being
rational in behavior, speech, and acts.
4. We are all equally, regardless the color of our skin. Whether you
have access to more education or wealth, you cannot surpass
one’s identity.
5. A person of noble character, values honor over personal gain.
6. To an honorable man, his word is sacred.
7. Do not ever waste your time; wealth can be gained back, time
cannot.
8. Protect and defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor.
9. A wise man is mindful of what comes out of his mouth; he knows
how to keep a secret when needed be.
10. On a thorny path of life, the man is what guides his wife and
children, and if the leader goes the way of evil, so do the
followers.
11. Never think of a woman as an object to play with; rather you
should see her as an equal partner and a friend in times of
difficulties. Consider a woman’s frailty and never forget that your
mother is such a person.
12. Do not make anything to the wife, children, brothers, and sisters
of others what you do not want others to do to your wife,
children, brothers, and sisters.
13. Worth is not measured by the societal status one is under, neither
the fairness of skin or length of the nose, and certainly not by
whether he is a priest claiming to be God’s follower. One is
honorable if he has good character, is true to his words, and is
loyal to his native land.
14. When these teachings be known to all, and the longed-for sun of
freedom begins to shine on a united race and people again, then
all the struggles, scarifies, and loves lost, shall not have been in
vain.
What is/are the • strengthens the claim that even before the Spaniards colonized
contribution and relevance the Philippines, Filipinos already have their own set of traditions,
of the document “Kartilya customs, practices, beliefs and government that they abide to
mg Katipunan” in • was able to contstitue patriotism and nationalism
understanding the grand • The KKK was one of the movements which were established to
narrative of Philippine defend the people’s liberty. We are able to have the life we have
History? now because of their sacrifices.
• helpful for today’s generation in understanding our history and in
discovering practices that are no longer practiced today
• Even now, there are still traditions and beliefs that were carried
on until to this day such as the beliefs in the existence of
tikbalang and tiyanak.
• serves as the basis for instituting good governance in this day and
age- for teaching what it means to have honor and dignity, seeing
the good in people and being generous, love for family, and to
practice respect especially to women.