Process control

Name: Ziad Ahmed Mobarez Hassan

ID : 20190310
Operational Amplifiers:
Inverting Amplifier:

The following terms are used in the formulas and equations for Operational Amplifies.
• Rf = Feedback resistor
• Rin = Input Resistor
• Vin = Input voltage
• Vout = Output voltage
• Av = Voltage Gain

Voltage Gain:
The close loop gain of an inverting amplifier is given by;

Output Voltage:
The output voltage is out of phase with the input voltage that is why it is known as
the inverting amplifier.

Summing Amplifier:

Output Voltage:
The general output of this given circuit above is;
Inverted Amplified Sum of Input Voltage:
if the input resistors are same, the output is a scaled inverted sum of input voltages,
If R1 = R2 = R3 = Rn = R

Summed Output:
When all the resistors in the above given circuit are same, the output is an inverted sum
of input voltages.
If Rf = R1 = R2 = R3 = Rn = R;
Vout = – (V1 + V2 + V3 +… + Vn)

Non-Inverting Amplifier:

Terms used for Non-Inverting Amplifier formulas and equations.

• Rf = Feedback resistor
• R = Ground Resistor
• Vin = Input voltage
• Vout = Output voltage
• Av = Voltage Gain
Gain Of Amplifier:
The total gain of non-inverting amplifier is;
Output Voltage:
The output voltage of non-inverting amplifier is in-phase with its input voltage and it’s
given by;

Unity Gain Amplifier / Buffer / Voltage Follower:

If the feedback resistor in removed i.e. Rf = 0, the non-inverting amplifier will
become voltage follower/buffer.

Differential Amplifier:

General Output:
the output voltage of the above given circuits is;

Scaled Differential Output:

If the resistor Rf = Rg & Ra = Rb , then the output will be scaled difference of the input
voltage;
Unity Gain Difference:
If all the resistors used in the circuit are same i.e. Ra = Rb = Rf = Rg = R, the amplifier will
provide output that is the difference of input voltages;
Vout = Vb – Va
Differentiator Amplifier

This type of Operational Amplifier provides the output voltage which is directly
proportional to the changes in the input voltage. The output voltage is given by;

Integrator Amplifier

This amplifier provides an output voltage which is the integral of the input voltages.