Comparison and Analysis of Different Feeding
Techniques for MIMO Antenna's UWB
Applications with Defected Ground Structure.
2021 IEEE International IOT, Electronics and Mechatronics Conference (IEMTRONICS) | 978-1-6654-4067-7/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/IEMTRONICS52119.2021.9422511
MOHAN K N
Dept. of ECE
KLEF Deemed to be University,
Guntur, AP, India
narasimmamohan@gmail.com
Abstract -- This paper demonstrates the working of
UWB MIMO antenna with individual and common
feedline ports for excitation. Etched on a highly reliable
dielectric, the functioning of designed antenna at
different working states of radiating patch elements is
evaluated and presented.
Furthermore, the detailed study and analysis of the
generated responses of antenna with common feeding
system is elucidated. The variations of the antenna
characteristics, geometrical modifications and design
parameters are discussed.
Keywords -- Ultra-wideband (UWB), Wilkinson Power
Divider (WPD), Multi-Input-Multi-Output (MIMO).
I. INTRODUCTION
With increasing technological advances, constant
development in radio wave technologies is rightly
acknowledged. In Wireless Communications, the
designing of antenna which works under adverse
conditions is necessary. Microstrip patch antenna is
considered as simple and basic working antenna which
paves path to design and fabricate antennas that have
high frequency communication channels [6] .
Ultrawide band can be achieved through microstrip
antenna with certain geometrical modifications.
MIMO antenna uses more than one radiating element
to offer high and multiple data transmissions [10].
Power dividers, Directional Couplers and Microwave
filters can be used to enhance or isolate desired
bandwidth [5] [7].
UWB with MIMO antenna is complex yet efficient
combination to tune and obtain user demanded
frequency applications in Academical, Industrial,
Research and Realtime Implementations. This paper
demonstrates the working of two proposed antennas
along with brief discussion on their results, design
parameters and challenges.
978-1-6654-4067-7/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE
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K. HIMAJA REDDY N.YASASWINI
Dept. of ECE Dept. of ECE
KLEF Deemed to be University, KLEF Deemed to be University,
Guntur, AP, India Guntur, AP, India
II. METHODOLOGY
A. DESIGN OF UWB MIMO ANTENNA
A MIMO antenna for UWB frequency range is
proposed. Dimensions for circular patch antenna at
2.4GHz is calculated. Two circular radiating elements
with better isolation is placed on Rogers RT/duroid
5870 ™ dielectric with relative permeability of 2.33
and loss tangent of 0.0012. This is further excited to
resonate in ultra-wide band by using partial ground
plane of height 20mm. The radius of the patch is
calculated by the dimensions of rectangular patch
antenna which gives 21.86mm at 2.4GHz.
With the substrate dimensions of 70mm x 140mm x
3.6mm and insertion of slots on the circular patches,
the proposed design exhibits power transmission less
than -10dB in UWB frequency range. The study and
analysis of antenna parameters like radiation pattern,
scattering, co and cross polarization, current
distribution is presented. At maximum current and
minimum voltage point on the surface, the antenna is
modified such that the antenna parameters are
changed.
Proposed UWB MIMO antenna consists of two
radiating patch elements. Hence, two different feeding
systems are used for antenna excitation. The working
of antenna is now based on excitation magnitude of
antenna ports 1 and 2.
Three port states can be derived from above
condition. Excitation of antenna can be done with both
the ports processing or any one of the ports being
terminated. Evaluation of these possibilities are
simulated in High Frequency Structure Simulator
(HFSS).
 Fig. 1. Design 1 – UWB MIMO Antenna

Fig.4. Radiation Pattern of UWB MIMO Antenna

Gain achieved for the proposed antenna is nearly

7dB.

Fig.2. S-parameter (S11) of UWB MIMO Antenna

All the application frequencies like Bluetooth,

WLAN, WiMAX, C-Band, X-Band achieved Return
loss less than -10dB.
Fig. 5. Current Distribution of UWB MIMO Antenna

The surface current distribution of an antenna

determines the electric current transmission all over
the surface. This helps in identifying and modifying
the antenna geometry to obtain desired outputs. Each
color signifies the magnitude of current distribution at
the specific area.

Fig. 3. S-parameter (S12) of UWB MIMO Antenna

S12 represents the power transmitted from port 1

to port 2. The Return loss obtained is less than -10dB.

Fig.6. Co-Polarization of UWB MIMO Antenna

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 The Co-polarization of UWB MIMO antenna is
presented above. The orthogonal radiation of obtained
co-polarization is the cross-polarization of the
proposed antenna. It is helpful to minimize the
interference of radiating waves.

Fig.9. S12 of Excitation Magnitude (0,1)

Power transmission from port 1 to port 2 when port

2 is processed.

Fig.7. Cross-Polarization of UWB MIMO Antenna.

B. EXCITATION MAGNITUDES OF UWB

MIMO ANTENNA

State 1: Excitation Magnitude (1,1).

Here, both the sources have equal magnitude. Both
the ports are in ON state. Figure 2 is the Return loss
obtained in this state. Figure 4 represents the radiation
pattern with gain obtained.
Fig.10. Radiation pattern for Excitation Magnitude (0,1)
State 2: Excitation Magnitude (0,1). Termination of
Port 1.
In this state, the magnitude of port 1 is 0 (OFF State 3: Excitation Magnitude (1,0). Termination of
state) and the magnitude of port 2 is 1 (ON state). The port 2.
S-Parameters S11 and S12 when single source is In this state, the magnitude of port 1 is 1 (ON
excited is shown below. state) and the magnitude of port 2 is 0 (OFF state).
The S- Parameters S11 and S12 are shown below.

Fig.8. S11 of Excitation Magnitude (0,1)

Fig.11. S11 of Excitation Magnitude (1,0)
Return loss when Port 1 is terminated.
Return loss when port 2 is terminated and port 1 is
processed.

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 C. DESIGN OF WPD BASED UWB MIMO
ANTENNA

Design 1 is limited to classical representation of

Fig.12. S12 of Excitation Magnitude (1,0)
Power transmission from port 1 to port 2 when port
2 is in OFF state.
attaining UWB with MIMO antenna. Design 2 is
proposed to avoid the challenges like individual
feeding system and high Return loss. The proposed
antenna with MIMO acts as type of array for common
excitation. Two resistors are placed near the input
ports to provide better isolation. The WPD is designed
with proper positional and dimensional optimizations.
This approach for required application is evaluated
and commended with proper study of antenna result
parameters.

Fig.13. Radiation Pattern for Excitation Magnitude (1,0)

Fig.14. Design of Wilkinson Power Divider Based UWB MIMO
From the above S-Parameters for different Antenna
excitation states, we can observe the change in Return
loss when either of the port is terminated. The
significant change in gain is illustrated by below table.

Table I. Maximum Gain at π= 0˚ and π=90˚ for excitation

mechanisms

State 1 2 3

Excitation
Magnitude (1,1) (0,1) (1,0)
1-Active State
0-Inactive State

Port status Port1 ON Port1 OFF Port1 ON

Port2 ON Port2 ON Port2 OFF
Fig.15. S11 of Wilkinson Power Divider Based
UWB MIMO Antenna
Gain 7dB 4dB 5dB
(dB) (Fig.4) (Fig.10) (Fig.13)
Bandwidth of Ultrawide band is less than -10dB for
proposed antenna.
Return loss at 19.1433 dB -20.3635 dB -20.3635 dB
2.4GHz

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 Co-polarization and Cross-polarization of an
antenna indicates the radiation of E-fields in its actual
and orthogonal direction. Both the polarizations are
indicated.

Fig.16. Current Distribution of Wilkinson Power Divider Based

UWB MIMO Antenna

With slots etched on both patch and ground plane,

the current distribution is presented. Here, the resistors
placed are active elements which provide isolation for
both input ports.

Fig.19. Cross-Polarization of Wilkinson Power Based UWB

MIMO Antenna

III. RESULTS
Proposed antennas are designed and simulated in
HFSS software. With solution frequency of 2.4GHz,
the results are evaluated in terms of Return loss,
Bandwidth, Gain and Current distribution. Below is
the table which represents the antenna parameters and
their responses for both design 1 and design 2.
Table II. Comparison of antenna parameters at 2.4GHz.

Parameters Design 1 (Fig.1) Design 2 (Fig.14)

-19.64dB at 2.4GHz -11.65dB at 2.4GHz

Fig.17. Radiation Pattern of Wilkinson Power Divider Based UWB (Bluetooth) (Bluetooth)
MIMO Antenna -10.9 dB at 3.5GHz -18.5 dB at 3.5GHz
(WiMAX) (WiMAX)
Evaluated at π= 0˚,90˚,180˚,270˚ and 360˚, the gain S11 -10.4dB at 4GHz -19.6dB at 4GHz
(C-Band) (C-Band)
obtained for the proposed antenna is nearly 3dB. -21.5dB at 5.5GHz -10.6dB at 5.5GHz
(WLAN) (WLAN)
-12.4dB at 7.7GHz -11.7dB at 7.7GHz
(X-Band) (X-Band)

3.1-10.6GHz.
Bandwidth <-10dB 3.1-10.6GHz
(dB) 9-9.9GHz <-10dB
<-8dB

Gain 7dB at 2.4GHz 3dB at 2.4GHz

(deg) ϴ=0˚ to 180˚ ϴ=0˚ to 180˚
Π=90˚ Π=90˚

Current
Distribution 1W for each port 2W
Fig.18. Co-Polarization of Wilkinson Power Divider Based UWB (in W)
MIMO Antenna

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