Cambridge International Examinations

Year 9 END TERM 2 EXAM

Student’s
Name
Ruth Awuor Amara Kekali Breanna Njoki

CLASS 9 Tsavo

GEOGRAPHY
For Examination 2023

PROJECT WORK
Task

Your task will be to produce a thorough presentation on our restless planet. The report should
be in form ofa booklet. Your presentation need to include all the elements listed on the
presentation rubric that will be provided.

In brief, the following elements are necessary for a complete presentation:

1. A short introduction to the topic which will include a short statement on each of the
following topics:
 Earth’s three layers. Describe using a well labelled diagram or diagrams.
 What are Earth’s plates, and why do they move?
 Causes of earthquakes
 Impacts of earthquakes
 Causes of volcanoes
 Impacts of volcanoes
 Reasons why people live in areas prone to earthquakes and volcanoes even
though these are danger zones.
PROJECT RUBRIC

Total
Score
Self score
Accomplis from
Missing Developing Exemplary (out of a
TASK hed teach
possible
er
60pts)
(60pts
)
The published work is
The excellent. All the essential
The published published components of the project
No work is poor. work is are present. The
Presen presenta The project good. The presentation is well
_____
tation tion excludes one project organized and presented in a _______p
__pt(s
(30 handed or more of the includes logical form. The presenters t(s)
)
pts) in. essential all the demonstrates that they are
(0 pts.) components essential knowledgeable about the
(10 pts.) compone information that is in the
nts: presentation.
(10pts) (10 pts)

TOTAL SCORE
The three layers of the Earth

• The Core
a) The inner core is in the center and is the hottest part of the Earth. It is solid and made
up of iron and nickel with temperatures of up to 5,500°C.
b) The outer core is the layer surrounding the inner core. It is a liquid layer, also made up
of iron and nickel.

The Mantle
•
The mantle is the thickest section of the Earth at approximately 2,900 km. The mantle is
made up of semi-molten rock called magma.

• The Crust
The crust is the outer layer of the Earth. It is a thin layer between 0 - 60 km thick. The
crust is the solid rock layer upon which we live. It is either continental or oceanic. The
earth's crust is broken into plates.

Oceanic crust - found underneath the oceans. It is denser than continental crust and can
collide with denser plates.
Continental crust - found under land masses or continents. It is generally older than the
oceanic crust and is less often destroyed.

What are the plates of the Earth's crust?

• A tectonic plate is a massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock. Plate size can
vary greatly, from a few hundred to thousands of kilometers across; the Pacific and
Antarctic Plates are among the largest.
• There are seven major plates: African, Antarctic, Eurasian, Indo-Australian, North
American, Pacific and South American.
• The plates move due to convection currents in the Earth's mantle. This is where the
heat from the Earth's core causes magma to rise. As it nears the Earth's surface, it
then cools and sinks. This circular motion causes the plates in the crust to move.