Practice Quiz for Chapters 10 to 12

I. Multiple Choice

_____ 1. How many unpaired electrons are in the Lewis dot symbol of a phosphorus atom?

A.7 B. 3 C. 5 D. 1 E.8

_____ 2. Which of the following molecules/ions is nonpolar?

A. HCN B. O3 C. N3- D. NCl3 E. NO2-

_____ 3. Determine the total number of sigma and pi bonds in the following molecular structure.
H O

H C C
C C H

C C
H C C
C
H H
A. 11 , 6 
B. 11, 11 
C. 16 , 6 
D. 16 , 11 
E. none of these

_____ 4. The configuration (σ1s)2(σ*1s)2 (σ2s)2(σ*2s)2 (π2py)2(π2pz)2(σ2px)2 is the molecular orbital description for the
ground state of

A. Li2 B. B2 C. Be2 D. B22+ E. C22-

____ 5. Which one of the following ions has an octet of valence electrons?

i. Ag+ ii. Zn+2 iii. Cs+ iv. I-

A. all of them B. none of them C. i & ii D. iii & iv E. ii alone

_____ 6. What are the hybridization and the approximate bond angle SO2?

A. sp3, 104o B. sp2, 120o C. sp, 180o D. sp3d, 900 E. sp3d2, 180o

_____ 7. The electron-pair geometry and molecular geometry of BH4- are respectively

A. Tetrahedral, tetrahedral B. tetrahedral, trigonal planar

C. tetrahedral, trigonal pyramid D. trigonal bipyramidal, seesaw
E. octahedral, square planar

_____ 8. Which of the following has bond order of 2?

I. F2-2 II. NO- III) O2 IV) N2

 A. I & III B. I & IV C. I only D. III Only E. II & III

_____ 9. Which of the following atoms cannot accommodate an excess of 8 electrons in Lewis structures where
they are the central atom?

A. Xe B. Cl C. Si D. F E. all of them

_____ 10. Choose the compound with the largest lattice energy:

A. Al2O3 B. AlCl3 C. AlF3 D. Al2S3 E. MgS

_____ 11. Which of the following has a bond order of 3?

I) N2 II) CN – III) O2 IV) C22–

A. I and II B. I only C. I, II, and IV D. II and III

_____ 12. How many unpaired electrons are in the Lewis dot symbol of a chlorine atom?

A. 7 B. 3 C. 5 D. 1

_____ 13. Which of the following molecules is polar?

A. NH3 B. BF3 C. CO2 D. C2H2

_____ 14. How many total valence electrons are in the SO42– ion?

A. 32 e– B. 30 e– C. 14 e– D 28 e–

_____ 15. What is the hybridization of the central carbon atom in CS2 and the approximate bond angle around the
carbon?

A. sp2, 107o B. sp3, 120o C. sp2, 120o D. sp, 180o

_____ 16. The electron-pair geometry and molecular geometry of boron trichloride are

A. tetrahedral, tetrahedral B. tetrahedral, trigonal planar

C. trigonal planar, trigonal planar D. tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal

_____ 17. Which one of the following cubic unit cells contains only two atoms?

A. simple cubic cell B. face centered cubic cell

C. body centered cubic cell D. none of these

_____ 18. Calculate the concentration of N2 in H2O at a partial pressure of 0.826 atm. The Henry’s law
constant for N2 in H2O is 6.8 × 10-4 M.atm-1

A. 5.6 × 10–4 M B. 1.2 × 103 M C. 8.2 × 10–3 M

D. 0.43 M E. 8.2 × 10-4 M
_____ 19.The vapor pressure of pure ethanol at 60°C is 349 mm Hg. Calculate the vapor pressure over a
solution prepared by dissolving 10.0 mol naphthalene in 90.0 mol ethanol?

A. 34.9 mm Hg B. 314 mm Hg C. 600 mm Hg

D. 279 mm Hg E. 69.8 mm Hg

_____ 20. The freezing point of ethanol, C2H5OH, is -114.6°C. Its molal freezing point depression constant is
2.00 °C/m. What is the freezing point of a solution prepared by dissolving 50.0g of glycerin, C3H8O3 in
200g of ethanol?

A. -115 °C B. -5.4 °C C. -132 °C

D. -120 °C E. -109 °C

_____ 21. Which of the following aqueous solutions has the lowest osmotic pressure?

A. 0.18 M KCl B. 0.15 M Na2SO4 C. 0.12 M Ca(NO3)2

D. 0.05 M K2CO3 E. 0.10 M C2H6O2 (ethylene glycol)

_____ 22. Pure benzene freezes at 5.48°C. The freezing point depression constant of benzene is 5.12 °C/m.
Estimate the freezing point of the solution formed by dissolving 0.120 moles of naphthalene, C10H8, in
78.0 g of benzene.

A. 5.48 °C B. 7.88 °C C. -2.40 °C D. 13.4 °C E. 121 °C

_____ 23. The vapor pressure of pure water at 50°C is 92.5 torr. What is the vapor pressure of the aqueous
solution prepared by dissolving 1.00 mol Na2CO3 in 10.0 mol H2O?

A. 8.41 torr B. 84.1 torr C. 21.3 torr D. 71.3 torr E. 120 torr

_____ 24. The normal boiling point of pure cyclohexane is 80.7°C. The boiling point elevation constant of
cyclohexane is 2.79 °C/m. Estimate the boiling point of the solution formed by dissolving 0.200 moles
of a molecular solute in 500.0g of cyclohexane.

A. 79.6 °C B. 81.8 °C C. 81.0 °C D. 80.4 °C E. 87.7 °C

II. Problem Solving.

1. Use bond energies to calculate the enthalpy of the reaction, N2(g) + 3H2(g)→2NH3(g). The bond energy of NN
is 946 kJ/mol. The bond energy of H-H is 436 kJ/mol and the bond energy of N-H bond is 389 kJ/mol.

Answer: (946 + 3×436)kJ – (6×389)kJ = -80 kJ

2. Draw Lewis dot (electron) structure for IF5 and determine

a) electron geometry b) molecular geometry c) central atom hybridization d) polar or nonpolar

Answer: octahedral; square pyramid; sp3d2; polar

3. Draw the Lewis dot structure for the SO32 – ion and determine

a) the electron domain geometry b) the molecular geometry

c) the hybridization of the sulfur atom d) the approximate bond angles

Answer:

Since there are a total of four atoms plus lone pairs (four “electron domains”) around the central sulfur, the overall
geometry is tetrahedral and the molecular geometry is trigonal pyramidal. The hybridization of the sulfur atom in
the first structure is therefore sp3. However, the sulfur is not simply sp3 hybridized in the second structure, which
has an “expanded octet” around the sulfur atom. Hybridizations that allow more than an octet of electrons around an
atom are sp3d (10 electrons) and sp3d2 (12 electrons), but not sp, sp2, or sp3. Furthermore, to form a -bond, we must
have unhybridized p-orbitals on the sulfur and oxygen atoms. This p orbital will not be present if the hybridization
is sp3, sp3d, or sp3d2. For simplicity, we can assign the hybridization of the sulfur as sp3 based on the first structure,
but in order to more accurately describe the bonding here and in other molecules with combinations of expanded
octets and multiple bonds (double or triple bonds) in their dot structures, we must probably turn to molecular orbital
theory.
 A space-filling model of the sulfite anion The structure of the sulfite anion

4. Use Molecular orbital theory to predict the following for NO- :

a) Its molecular orbital configuration

b) Its bond order
c) Is it paramagnetic or diamagnetic?

Answer: a. (σ1s)2(σ*1s)2 (σ2s)2(σ*2s)2 (π2py)2(π2pz)2(σ2px)2(π*2py)1(π*2pz)1;

5. Draw all the resonance structures of the nitrate ion, NO3-

6. Consider the following three resonance structures of the thiosulfate ion, S2O3-2.
a. Assign formal charges to all atoms in all three structures
b. Pick the major structure based on the formal charges. S is less electronegative than O.
.. ..
:O: :O: :O:
.. .. .. .. .. ..
:O-S-S: :O=S=S: :O=S-S:
.. .. ..

:O: :O: :O:

.. .. ..

Structure I Structure II Structure III

7. The osmotic pressure of a 12 mL aqueous solution containing 0.60 g of dissolved nicotine is 7.55 atm at 25
°C. Calculate the molar mass of nicotine. (R = 0.0821 L.atm.K-1.mol-1)

Answer:

8. The osmotic pressure of a 100 mL aqueous solution containing 1.00 g of caffeine is 1130 torr at 80.0°C.
Calculate the molar mass of caffeine? Molar mass = 195 g/mol