LESSON NOTES

Lower Intermediate S1 #2
Hurry, Before the Israeli
Supermarket Closes!

CONTENTS
2 Hebrew
2 English
3 Romanization
4 Vowelled
5 Vocabulary
5 Sample Sentences
6 Vocabulary Phrase Usage
7 Grammar
11 Cultural Insight

# 2
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 ‫‪HEBREW‬‬

‫‪) .1‬מבשלת(‬

‫אוי גדי‪ ,‬שכחתי לקנות עוף בסופר‪.‬‬ ‫מעיין‪:‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬

‫אין לנו משהו במקפיא?‬ ‫גדי‪:‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬

‫לא‪ ,‬אין לנו‪ .‬כמעט ארבע‪ ...‬לך לראות אם הסופר עדיין פתוח‪.‬‬ ‫מעיין‪:‬‬ ‫‪.4‬‬

‫בסדר‪.‬‬ ‫גדי‪:‬‬ ‫‪.5‬‬

‫‪) .6‬דלת נסגרת(‬

‫‪) .7‬דלת נפתחת(‬

‫הסופר היה פתוח?‬ ‫מעיין‪:‬‬ ‫‪.8‬‬

‫לא‪ ,‬הוא היה סגור‪.‬‬ ‫גדי‪:‬‬ ‫‪.9‬‬

‫אז למה לקח לך כל‪-‬כך הרבה זמן לחזור‪.‬‬ ‫מעיין‪:‬‬ ‫‪.10‬‬

‫דוכן השווארמה היה פתוח‪ .‬אכלתי שם כי אין לנו עוף לארוחת ערב‪.‬‬ ‫גדי‪:‬‬ ‫‪.11‬‬

‫גדי‪...‬‬ ‫מעיין‪:‬‬ ‫‪.12‬‬

‫‪ENGLISH‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫)‪(cooking‬‬

‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪MA'AYAN:‬‬ ‫‪Oy, Gadi! I forgot to buy chicken at the supermarket.‬‬

‫‪CONT'D OVER‬‬

‫‪HEBREWPOD101.COM‬‬ ‫! ‪LOWER I NT ERMEDI AT E S 1 #2 - HURRY, BEFORE T HE I S RAELI S UPERMARKET CLOS ES‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
3. GADI: Don't we have something in the freezer?

4. MA'AYAN: No, we don't have anything. It's almost four...go see if the
supermarket is still open.

5. GADI: Okay.

6. (door closes)

7. (door opens)

8. MA'AYAN: Was the supermarket open?

9. GADI: No, it was closed.

10. MA'AYAN: So why did it take you so much time to return?

11. GADI: The Shawarma stand was open. I ate there because we don't have
any chicken for dinner.

12. MA'AYAN: Gadi...

ROMANIZATION

1. (mevashelet)

2. MA'AYAN: Oy, Gadi! shakhaħ'ti lik'not of ba-super.

3. GADI: Ein lanu mashehu ba-mak'pi?

4. MA'AYAN: Lo, ein lanu. kimat ar'ba... lekh lir'ot im ha-super ada'in patu'aħ

CONT'D OVER

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5. GADI: beseder

6. (door closes)

7. (door opens)

8. MA'AYAN: Ha-super hayah patu'aħ?

9. GADI: Lo, hu hayah sagur.

10. MA'AYAN: Az lamah lakaħ lekha kol-kakh har'beh z'man lakh'zor?

11. GADI: Dukhan ha-sh'warmah hayah patu'aħ. Akhal'ti sham ki ein lanu of
le-aruħat erev.

12. MA'AYAN: Gadi...

VOWELLED

(‫ׁשֶלת‬
ֶּ ‫ )ְמַב‬.1

.‫שַכְח ִּתי ִלְקנֹות עֹוף ַּבסוֶּּפר‬

ָׁ ,‫אֹוי ָּגִדי‬ :‫מְעָין‬
ַ .2

?‫מְקִּפיא‬
ַ ‫מֶּׁשהוּ ַּב‬
ַ ּ‫ֵאין ָלנו‬ :‫ָּגִדי‬ .3

.‫ ֵלְך ִלְראֹות ִאם ַהּסוֶּּפר ָעִדין ָּפּתוַּח‬. . .‫אְר ַּבע‬

ַ ‫כְמַעט‬
ִּ ּ.‫ ֵאין ָלנו‬,‫לא‬
ֹ :‫מְעָין‬
ַ .4

.‫ְּבֵסֶדר‬ :‫ָּגִדי‬ .5

(‫דֶלת נְִסֵּגֶרת‬
ֶּ) .6

CONT'D OVER

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 (‫תַחת‬
ָּ‫דֶלת נְִפ‬
ֶּ) .7

?‫ַהּסוֶּּפר ָהָיה ָּפּתוַּח‬ :‫מְעָין‬

ַ .8

.‫ור‬
ּ ‫סג‬
ָ ‫וא ָהָיה‬
ּ ‫ ה‬,‫לא‬
ֹ :‫ָּגִדי‬ .9

.‫מן ַלֲחזֹור‬ ְ‫כ‬

ַ ְ‫ך ַהְר ֵּבה ז‬ ָּ ָ‫מה ָלַקח ְלך‬
ָּ ‫כל‬ ָ ‫אז ָל‬
ָ :‫מְעָין‬
ַ .10

.‫כי ֵאין ָלנוּ עֹוף ְלֲארוַּחת ֶעֶרב‬

ִּ ‫שם‬
ָׁ ‫אַכְל ִּתי‬
ָ .‫דוָּכן השווארמה ָהָיה ָּפּתוַּח‬
ּ :‫ָּגִדי‬ .11

. . .‫ָּגִדי‬ :‫מְעָין‬
ַ .12

VOCABULARY

He br e w R omanization English C lass Ge nde r

‫לשכוח‬ lishkoach to forget verb

‫מקפיא‬ makpi freezer noun masculine

‫כמעט‬ kimaat almost adverb

‫אם‬ im If conjunction

‫פתוח‬ patuach open adjective masculine

passive
‫סגור‬ sagur closed participle masculine

‫שווארמה‬ shawarma shawarma noun feminine

‫ארוחת ערב‬ aruchat erev dinner noun feminine

SAMPLE SENTENCES

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 !‫אל תשכח את המפתחות שלך‬ .‫שמתי גלידה במקפיא בשבילך‬
Al tishkach et ha-maftechot shelcha! samti glida ba-makpi bishbicha.

Don’t forget your keys. (male listener) I put ice cream in the freezer for you.
(male listener)

.‫הוא כמעט נכנס באוטו הזה‬ ‫ אתם יכולים להישאר‬,‫אם אתם רוצים‬
Hu kimaat nichnas ba -oto haze. .‫לארוחת ערב‬
Im atem rotsim, atem yecholim lehishaer le-
He almost hit that car.
aruchat erev.

If you (pl.) want, you (pl.) can stay for

dinner.

.‫החלון פתוח‬ .‫המקרר חייב להיות סגור‬

ha-chalon patuach. ha-mekarer chayav lihiyot sagur.

The window is open. The refrigerator has to be closed.

.‫אמא קנתה שאוורמה‬ .‫אני לא באה לארוחת ערב היום‬

Ima kanta shawarma.
I am not coming to dinner tonight. (female
mom bought Shawarma. speaker)

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE

‫מקפיא‬

Mak'pi is a noun deriving from the verb ‫( להקפיא‬le-hak'pi) "to freeze." ‫( מקפיא‬mak'pi) is a
freezer. This is a good example of how a root used in a certain verb group carries an extra
meaning. Hif'il verbs are verbs that carry a causative action. Since this root appears in this
verb form, the underlying meaning is "to cause something to freeze." This is why the noun for
"freezer" is derived from this form.

‫כמעט‬

Kim'at means "almost." You use this word the same way that you would use it in English.
There are a few phrases that use this word. The first phrase is ‫( כמעט טוב‬kim'at tov) and it
means "fairly good" and it can also be used for a C grade in school. The second phrase is

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 ".kim'at she-lo) which means "hardly" or "scarcely) ‫כמעט שלא‬

‫שווארמה‬

Shawarma is originally a Turkish creation and is found all over the middle east. It is a meat
placed on a horizontal spit and cooked throughout the day. It's shaved off of the spit and put
into a pita with vegetables and sauces. The meat used in Israel is usually turkey, beef or lamb.

GRAMMAR

Th e Fo cu s o f th i s L e sso n i s U si n g Pa ssi ve Pa rti ci pl e s.

‫לך לראות אם הסופר עדיין פתוח‬
L e kh l i r' o t i m h a - su pe r a d a ' i n pa tu ' a ħ .
"G o se e i f th e su pe rm a rke t i s sti l l o pe n ."

Here in the dialogue, we see the word ‫ פתוח‬used to show a passive state. Here it is used
almost like an adjective when Ma'ayan asks Gadi to go see if the supermarket is open. This
passive participle is derived from the pa'al verb ‫( לפתוח‬lif'to'aħ ) which means "to open." There
are many passive participles that are formed from verbs in the pa'al verb group and they all
follow the same pattern. The pattern uses the three root letters, the vowel sound U and typical
adjective endings to show gender and number, which is denoted with a vav. Here is the
pattern:

3rd R o o t 2nd Root 1 st R o o t

En d i n g L e tte r va v L e tte r L e tte r

Masculine
X ‫ו‬ X X singular

feminine
-‫ה‬ X ‫ו‬ X X singular

masculine
-‫ים‬ X ‫ו‬ X X plural

feminine
-‫ות‬ X ‫ו‬ X X plural

In the sample sentence from the dialogue, we have the word ‫( פתוח‬patu'aħ). This is the

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masculine singular form of the word for "open." The other forms are ‫( פתוחה‬p'tuħah), ‫פתוחים‬
(p'tuħim ) and ‫( פתוחות‬p'tuħot). Here are examples of these four forms of ‫( פתוח‬petu'aħ):

‫ הסופר פתוח‬.1

Ha-super patu'aħ.
"The supermarket is open."

‫ המכולת פתוחה‬.2

Ha-makolet p'tuħah.
"The grocery-store is open."

‫ המשרדים פתוחים‬.3

Ha-misradim p'tuħim.
"The offices are open."

‫ הדלתות פתוחות‬.4

Ha-d'letot p'tuħot.
"The doors are open."

As you can see, in Hebrew the passive participle has the same endings as adjectives and is
used like an adjective.

In the dialogue, Gadi used the passive particle for "closed" as well, which is ‫( סגור‬sagur).

.1. ‫לא הוא היה סגור‬

Lo, hu hayah sagur.

"No, it was closed."

Here are our examples with the four forms of ‫( סגור‬sagur):

Pre se n t:

‫ הסופר סגור‬.1

Ha-super sagur.
"The supermarket is closed."

‫ המכולת סגורה‬.2

Ha-makolet s'gurah.

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"The grocery-store is closed."

‫ המשרדים סגורים‬.3

Ha-mis'radim s'gurim.
"The offices are closed."

‫ הדלתות סגורות‬.4

Ha-d'letot s'gurot.
"The doors are closed."

When you want to talk about the state of something in the future or the past, you use the verb
‫( להיות‬lihiyot) in the past or the future before the passive participle.

Examples of this:

Pa st:

‫ הסופר היה פתוח‬.1

Ha-super hayah patu'aħ.

"The supermarket was open."

‫ המכולת היתה פתוחה‬.2

Ha-makolet hay'tah p'tuħah.

"The grocery-store was open."

‫ המשרדים היו פתוחים‬.3

Ha-misradim hayu p'tuħim.

"The offices were open."

‫ הדלתות היו פתוחות‬.4

Ha-d'letot hayu p'tuħot.

"The doors were open."

Fu tu re :

‫ הסופר יהיה סגור‬.1

Ha-super yehiyeh sagur.

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"The supermarket will be closed."

‫ המכולת תהיה סגורה‬.2

Ha-makolet tehiyeh s'gurah

"The grocery-store will be closed."

‫ המשרדים יהיו סגורים‬.3

Ha-mis'radim yehiyu s'gurim.

"The offices will be closed."

‫ הדלתות יהיו סגורות‬.4

Ha-d'letot yehiyu s'gurot.

"The doors will be closed."

Exa m pl e s o f o th e r Pa ssi ve Pa rti ci pl e s C o m m o n l y U se d i n H e bre w

‫ הצלחת שבורה‬.1

Ha-tzalaħat sh'vurah.
"The plate is broken."

‫ הכיסא פנוי‬.2

Ha-kis'e panu'i.
"The seat is vacant."

.‫ גדי ומעיין נסויים‬.3

Gadi ve-ma'ayan nesu'im.

"Gadi and Ma'ayan are married."

.‫ רם ושרון גרושים‬.4

Ram ve-sharon gerushim.

"Ram and Sharon are divorced."

Exa m pl e s fro m th i s D i a l o g u e

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1. ‫לך לראות אם הסופר עדיין פתוח‬
Lekh lir'ot im ha-super ada'in patu'aħ
"Go see if the supermarket is still open."

2. ?‫הסופר היה פתוח‬

Ha-super hayah patu'aħ?
"The supermarket was open?"

3. ‫לא הוא היה סגור‬

Lo, hu hayah sagur
"No, it was closed."

4. .‫דוכן השווארמה היה פתוח‬

Dukhan ha-sh'warmah hayah patu'aħ.
"The Shawarma stand was open."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Wh e n D o e s th e We e ke n d Sta rt i n Isra e l ?

Fridays in Israel are a very interesting day as everything winds down for the weekend. School
children have a short day at school. Some people work a half day at work and others have it
off. Most people will spend some of the day cleaning the house for the evening meal and the
Sabbath rest day that follows on Saturday. Shops are open until 14:00-16:00, so many people
do some last minute shopping before everything closes down until Saturday night. Some
people use Friday mornings to catch up with friends, meeting them for coffee. In religious
families, all the cooking and cleaning is done before sunset, because as soon as the sun sets
work is not allowed until Saturday night. In a country as intense as Israel, it's nice to feel
everything slow down on Fridays.

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