Electrical Power Quality

Lec. 2/ Harmonics
Dr. Heba Sharaf
Chapter 6:Applied Harmonics
Evaluating and Controlling Harmonics
 1) Understand Harmonics (Main Concepts)
 2)Evaluate harmonic distortion
 3) Perform Harmonic Study
 4) Properly Control Harmonics
 4) Design filters
Evaluating and Controlling Harmonics

 The IEEE 519-1992 / IEEE 519-2014

Harmonics (main concepts)
Main Sources of Harmonics (Non Linear Loads)

Have more impact because

they are usually high power
loads

“Distribution” stage of the

electrical power system is
the main source of the
Harmonic problem
Current and Voltage Harmonics
(The effect of System Impedance)
Harmonics (main concepts)
Fourier Representations of Harmonics
Harmonics (main concepts)
Fourier Representations of Harmonics
Harmonics (main concepts)
Harmonic Phase Sequence
 The concept of positive, negative and zero sequence components
 Odd Harmonics could be classified as positive, negative and zero sequence
harmonics as follows:
Harmonics (main concepts)
Problem of zero sequence harmonics and neutral
 Why Zero sequence harmonics represent a problem for
neutral cables?
Harmonics (main Performance Indices _ PIs)

 True RMS values for Current and Voltages

 True Power Factor
 THD : Total Harmonic Distortion for Voltage
 TDD : Total Demand Distortion for currents (IEEE 519
Update 2014 and was THD in IEEE 519 1992)
 Unbalance (for the sake of Zero Sequence)
Harmonics (main Performance Indices _ PIs)
 Incase the voltage have harmonics, the root mean
square value =

 True RMS value, you must use true RMS measurement

device
 I1 and V1 are the fundamentals
Harmonics (main Performance Indices _ PIs)

 True
Power Factor versus Displacement
Power Factor
 Displacement Power Factor: conventional
power factor (fundamental)
 TruePower Factor: the ratio between (P)
and (S) in presence of harmonics
Harmonics (main Performance Indices _ PIs)

Approximately, neglecting
voltage harmonics coz it’s
usually less
Harmonics (main Performance Indices _ PIs)

 PF≤DPF, True Power Factor is always less than or

equal to Displacement Power Factor.
 PF = DPF, True Power Factor equals Displacement
Power Factor when there are no harmonics at the
point of measurement;
 PF<DPF, suggests presence of harmonics, take it
easy: awareness is good.
 PF<<DPF, means its time to take action.
Harmonics (main Performance Indices _ PIs)
Harmonics (main Performance Indices _ PIs)
 Total Harmonic distortion THD
Harmonics (main Performance Indices _ PIs)

IL= maximum demand load current (fundamental frequency

component) at the PCC under normal load operating
conditions
Harmonic Distortion Measurements as per standard should be Over 1
week and then make statistics on the measurements (average)
Total Harmonic Distortion Monitoring Over 1 week in 13.2 KV substation
supplying residential loads