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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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(ASX) Listing Requirements and
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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Consolidated entity

Consolidated entity
financial statements
prepared

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(Parent entity) statements prepared

80% share
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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35 000 Units of production


Straight-line
30 000
Diminishing balance
25 000
Carrying value ($)

20 000

15 000

10 000

5 000

0
0 1 2 3
Asset life (years)

 "DDPVOUJOH #VTJOFTT SFQPSUJOH GPS EFDJTJPO NBLJOH

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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Beginning of the reporting During the


End of the reporting period (t = 1)
period (t = 0) reporting period

Asset t = 0 — Liabilities t = 0 = Equity t = 0 Transactions that: Assets t = 1 — Liabilities t = 1 = Equity t = 1


where:
Profit Income Transactions
Equity t = 1 = Equity t = 0 + + +/−
(– loss) (– expenses) with owners
directly as owners
recognised (e.g. dividends,
in equity share issues)
1. are recognised
as income and
Profit
expenses in
statement of profit
Statement of or loss
comprehensive
Statement of income 2. are recognised
changes in
as income and Recognised
equity
expenses but go directly in
directly to equity equity

3. are with owners


as owners

4. alter assets and


liabilities without
changing equity

7"-6& 50 #64*/&44

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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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$)"15&3  4UBUFNFOU PG QSPýU PS MPTT BOE TUBUFNFOU PG DIBOHFT JO FRVJUZ 

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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JB Hi-Fi
financial
performance
and position

Return on 2018 = 25.9%


equity 2017 = 27.4%

Return on 2018 = 9.42%


Leverage
assets 2017 = 9.99%

2018 = 3.4% 2018 = 2.77 times 2018 = 61.97%


Profit margin Asset turnover Debt ratio
2017 = 3.06% 2017 = 3.26 times 2017 = 65.3%

2018 = 21.15 times


Interest coverage ratio
2017 = 25.22 times

Liquidity (current ratio)


Gross
2018 = 21.45% Expense 2018 = 16.59% Current asset Current ratio 2018 = 1.32 times
profit
2017 = 21.86% ratios 2017 = 17.29% turnover and 2017 = 1.32 times
margin
quick ratio Liquidity (quick ratio)
2018 = 0.35 times
2017 = 0.35 times

2018 = 59 days Days Days 2018 = 11 days


2017 = 58 days inventory debtors 2017 = 9 days

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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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$)"15&3  #VEHFUJOH 

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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Total television advertising cost

Total cost
Fixed cost
12 000

11 000

10 000

9 500
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Number of times advertisement is aired

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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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$6000 = total revenue

Profit $600

Variable costs @ $90 per player


$5400 = total costs

$1800 = fixed costs

Sales = 40 players

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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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VTF PG CVEHFUFE DPTUT XJMM BMTP QSPWJEF B CFODINBSL BHBJOTU XIJDI BDUVBM DPTUT DBO CF NFBTVSFE UP BTTFTT
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"T UIF OVNCFS PG DPTU QPPMT JODSFBTFT UIF BDDVSBDZ PG UIF DPTU JOGPSNBUJPO JT BMTP JODSFBTFE BT B
EJGGFSFOU DPTU ESJWFS XJMM CF VTFE GPS BMMPDBUJPO QVSQPTFT UIBU CFTU FYQMBJOT SFTPVSDF DPOTVNQUJPO )PXFWFS
BT UIF OVNCFS PG DPTU QPPMT JODSFBTFT UIF OFFE UP DPMMFDU JOGPSNBUJPO BCPVU JOEJWJEVBM DPTU ESJWFST BMTP
JODSFBTFT 5IJT XJMM MFBE UP BO PWFSBMM JODSFBTF JO UIF DPTU PG UIF TZTUFN EVF UP UIF MFWFM PG SFTPVSDFT OFFEFE
UP VOEFSUBLF UIF DPTU BTTJHONFOU BOE EBUB DPMMFDUJPO
5IFSFGPSF PODF UIF DPTU ESJWFS IBT CFFO JEFOUJàFE GPS FBDI DPTU QPPM UIF UPUBM VTF PG UIF DPTU ESJWFS
GPS UIF àOBODJBM QFSJPE VOEFS JOWFTUJHBUJPO XJMM OFFE UP CF EFUFSNJOFE $PTU ESJWFS VTBHF XJMM CF CBTFE PO
FJUIFS UIF CVEHFUFE PS BDUVBM VTBHF UP NBUDI UIF UZQF PG JOEJSFDU DPTUT UP CF BMMPDBUFE #Z EJWJEJOH UIF UPUBM
JOEJSFDU DPTUT CZ UIF UPUBM VTF PG UIF DPTU ESJWFS B NFBTVSF PG UIF DPTU QFS VOJU PG UIF DPTU ESJWFS XJMM CF
DBMDVMBUFE 5IF EFUFSNJOBUJPO PG UIJT JOEJSFDU VOJU DPTU SBUF BMMPXT UIF JOEJSFDU DPTUT UP CF BMMPDBUFE UP UIF
NBOZ DPTU PCKFDUT UIBU IBWF NBEF VTF PG UIF SFTPVSDF "MMPDBUJPO XJMM CF CBTFE PO FBDI DPTU PCKFDUT VTF
PG UIF DPTU ESJWFS

%FUFSNJOBUJPO PG GVMM DPTU


5IF JEFOUJàDBUJPO PG UIF JOEJSFDU DPTU QPPMT BOE SFMBUFE DPTU ESJWFST FOBCMFT UIF EFUFSNJOBUJPO PG UIF GVMM
DPTU GPS UIF EFTJSFE DPTU PCKFDU 'JHVSF  JMMVTUSBUFT UIF QSPDFTT UP EFUFSNJOF UIF GVMM DPTU GPS BOZ DPTU
PCKFDU "T NFOUJPOFE FBSMJFS UIF MFWFM PG TPQIJTUJDBUJPO PG UIF DPTUJOH TZTUFN ‡ UIBU JT UIF OVNCFS PG
JOEJSFDU DPTU QPPMT UIF DMBTTJàDBUJPO PG JOEJSFDU DPTU QPPMT BOE UIF DPTU ESJWFST TFMFDUFE ‡ XJMM CF BU UIF
EJTDSFUJPO PG FBDI FOUJUZ BOE EFUFSNJOFE CZ JUT JOGPSNBUJPO OFFET

'*(63&  0WFSWJFX PG B TJNQMF DPTUJOH TZTUFN UP EFUFSNJOF UIF GVMM DPTU PG B DPTU PCKFDU

Indirect cost

Allocated via
cost driver

Cost object

Traced via source


documentation

Direct cost

$)"15&3  $PTUJOH BOE QSJDJOH JO BO FOUJUZ 

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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UBUJPO BOE UIF BMMPDBUJPO PG UIF JOEJSFDU DPTU CBTFE PO UIF DPTU PCKFDUT VTF PG UIF DPTU ESJWFS 'JHVSF 
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'*(63&  3FýOFNFOU PG TJNQMF DPTUJOH TZTUFN

Total indirect costs

Indirect cost Indirect cost Indirect cost


e.g. salaries e.g. rent e.g. insurance

Department/activity Department/activity Department/activity

Final cost object of interest


Total cost = Direct cost + Allocated indirect cost

Direct costs

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JOWFTUJHBUJPO CZ UIF BDDPVOUJOH EFQBSUNFOU JEFOUJýFE UIF EJSFDU DPTUT GPS FBDI EFQBSUNFOU CPUI TFSWJDF
BOE PQFSBUJOH
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
EFQBSUNFOUT
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Indirect costs (identified in accounting system)

General
Rent Electricity
administration

Costs allocated

Computer Home Car Life


Cost objects Finance Personnel
services insurance insurance insurance

Costs traced

Direct costs (identified in accounting system)

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BOE UIF VTF PG UIF SFTPVSDF ESJWFS CZ FBDI EFQBSUNFOU BSF BT GPMMPXT

$)"15&3  $PTUJOH BOE QSJDJOH JO BO FOUJUZ 

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
3FTPVSDF ESJWFS VTBHF
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1FSTPOOFM    
$PNQVUFS TFSWJDFT     
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5PUBMT     

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UP FOBCMF UIF JOEJSFDU DPTU UP CF BMMPDBUFE UP FBDI EFQBSUNFOU 3FNFNCFS UIF BMMPDBUJPO GPSNVMB JT UIF
DPTU UP CF BMMPDBUFE EJWJEFE CZ UIF UPUBM BNPVOU PG UIF DPTU ESJWFS

*OEJSFDU DPTU DBUFHPSZ "MMPDBUJPO GPSNVMB *OEJSFDU DPTU SBUF



3FOU   N  QFS N
&MFDUSJDJUZ    LJMPXBUU IST  QFS LJMPXBUU IS
(FOFSBM BENJOJTUSBUJPO   FNQMPZFFT  QFS FNQMPZFF

5IF JOEJSFDU DPTU SBUF DBMDVMBUFE DBO OPX CF VTFE UP BMMPDBUF UIF JOEJSFDU DPTUT UP FBDI EFQBSUNFOU
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NVMUJQMJFE CZ UIF JOEJSFDU DPTU
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BENJOJTUSBUJPO
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1FSTPOOFM        


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 —  
  — 
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$BS JOTVSBODF        
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 —  

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5PUBM BMMPDBUFE            

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BCMF UP USBDF UIF EJSFDU DPTUT UP UIF EFQBSUNFOUT BOE GSPN PVS DBMDVMBUJPOT BCPWF XF IBWF BMMPDBUFE UIF
JOEJSFDU DPTUT 5IFSFGPSF UIF UPUBM DPTU GPS FBDI EFQBSUNFOU JT BT GPMMPXT

%FQBSUNFOU *OEJSFDU DPTU BMMPDBUFE


%JSFDU DPTU USBDFE
5PUBM DPTUT
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1FSTPOOFM      
$PNQVUFS TFSWJDFT      
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$BS JOTVSBODF      
-JGF JOTVSBODF      
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
5IF TFDPOE TUBHF PG UIF BMMPDBUJPO QSPDFTT JT UP BMMPDBUF UIF TFSWJDF EFQBSUNFOU DPTUT UP UIF PQFSBUJOH
EFQBSUNFOUT /PUF *O UIJT FYBNQMF JU JT BTTVNFE UIBU UIF TFSWJDF EFQBSUNFOUT EP OPU TIBSF SFTPVSDFT
'VSUIFS TUVEZ PG TFSWJDF EFQBSUNFOUT TIBSJOH SFTPVSDFT DBO CF GPVOE JO NPSF BEWBODFE UFYUT
*O UIJT
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OFFE UP CF BMMPDBUFE UP UIF DPTU PCKFDUT XIJDI BSF UIF PQFSBUJOH EFQBSUNFOUT 5IF BDUJWJUZ DPTU ESJWFST
BMMPDBUJPO CBTFT
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$PTU $PTU ESJWFS


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PQFSBUJOH EFQBSUNFOUT IPNF JOTVSBODF DBS JOTVSBODF BOE MJGF JOTVSBODF *O PSEFS UP EFUFSNJOF UIF GVMM
DPTU GPS FBDI PG UIF PQFSBUJOH EFQBSUNFOUT JU JT OFDFTTBSZ UP BTTJHO UIF JOEJSFDU DPTUT XIJDI BSF UIF UPUBM
DPTUT PG FBDI PG UIF UISFF TFSWJDF EFQBSUNFOUT JF ýOBODF QFSTPOOFM BOE DPNQVUFS TFSWJDFT
 5IFSFGPSF
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FYJTU CFUXFFO UIF EJSFDU DPTUT BOE UIF DPTU PCKFDUT BOE UIF POFUPNBOZ SFMBUJPOTIJQT CFUXFFO UIF
JOEJSFDU DPTUT BOE UIF DPTU PCKFDUT
5IF DPTU ESJWFST JEFOUJýFE UP BMMPDBUF UIF JOEJSFDU DPTUT BSF UIF OVNCFS PG JOWPJDFT ýOBODF EFQBSUNFOU

UIF OVNCFS PG FNQMPZFFT QFSTPOOFM EFQBSUNFOU
BOE UIF OVNCFS PG DPNQVUFST DPNQVUFS TFSWJDFT
EFQBSUNFOU
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$)"15&3  $PTUJOH BOE QSJDJOH JO BO FOUJUZ 

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
'*(63&  4FDPOE TUBHF BMMPDBUJPO ‰ SFMBUJPOTIJQT CFUXFFO DPTUT BOE DPTU PCKFDUT

Finance Personnel Computer services


department costs department costs department costs
Cost driver: invoices Cost driver: employees Cost driver: computers

Costs allocated

Home insurance Car insurance Life insurance


Cost objects
department department department

Costs traced

Home insurance Car insurance Life insurance


direct cost direct cost direct cost

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PQFSBUJOH EFQBSUNFOUT

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'JOBODF   JOWPJDFT  QFS JOWPJDF
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/PX UIBU UIF JOEJSFDU DPTU SBUF IBT CFFO EFUFSNJOFE BMMPDBUJPO PG UIF JOEJSFDU DPTUT DBO CF VOEFSUBLFO CZ
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JOEJSFDU DPTU SBUF GPS UIF ýOBODF EFQBSUNFOU JT  QFS JOWPJDF 5IF IPNF JOTVSBODF EFQBSUNFOU SBJTFT
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'JOBODF      
 JOWPJDFT — 
 JOWPJDFT — 
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1FSTPOOFM      


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 FNQMPZFFT — 
 FNQMPZFFT — 

$PNQVUFS TFSWJDFT      


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 DPNQVUFST — 
 DPNQVUFST — 

5PUBM JOEJSFDU DPTUT      

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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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'*(63&  0WFSWJFX PG B QSPDFTT DPTUJOH TZTUFN

Indirect manufacturing costs

Process

Direct material costs

Total process
costs Inventoriable
Number of units product cost per unit
of products

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 "DDPVOUJOH #VTJOFTT SFQPSUJOH GPS EFDJTJPO NBLJOH

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
'*(63&  0WFSWJFX PG B KPC DPTUJOH TZTUFN

Indirect manufacturing costs

Job A Job B Job C

Direct material Direct material Direct material


Direct labour Direct labour Direct labour

Individual job cost Inventoriable


product cost per unit
Number of units

*--6453"5*7& &9".1-& 

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$)"15&3  $PTUJOH BOE QSJDJOH JO BO FOUJUZ 

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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Production department A Production department B


Cost driver: machine hours Cost driver: labour hours

Soaps Candles

Direct labour Direct material Direct labour Direct material

 "DDPVOUJOH #VTJOFTT SFQPSUJOH GPS EFDJTJPO NBLJOH

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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1.1 1/x × 30 = M+ C [Result is 27.2727]

1.1 x2 1/x × 60 = M+ C [Result is 49.5868]

1.1 yx 3 = 1/x × 50 = M+ C [Result is 37.5657]

1.1 yx 4 = 1/x × 100 = M+ C [Result is 68.3013]

RCL [Result is 182.72366] − 120 = [Result is 62.7266]

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Financial perspective How do we look


to shareholders?
GOALS MEASURES

How do
customers What must
see us? we excel at?

Internal
Customer perspective
business perspective

GOALS MEASURES GOALS MEASURES

Innovation and
learning perspective

GOALS MEASURES

Can we continue
to improve and
create value?

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Financial perspective

GOALS MEASURES

What are the fiscal benefits of our


sustainability performance?

Stakeholder perspective Organisational learning

GOALS MEASURES GOALS MEASURES

How do we recognise and sustain


How will we satisfy our
innovation and continuous
customer/stakeholder needs?
improvement?

Business processes

GOALS MEASURES

What sustainable activities add


value to the organisation?

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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
"11&/%*9 

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
 "DDPVOUJOH #VTJOFTT SFQPSUJOH GPS EFDJTJPO NBLJOH

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
"11&/%*9 

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
 "DDPVOUJOH #VTJOFTT SFQPSUJOH GPS EFDJTJPO NBLJOH

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
"11&/%*9 

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
 "DDPVOUJOH #VTJOFTT SFQPSUJOH GPS EFDJTJPO NBLJOH

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
"11&/%*9 

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
 "DDPVOUJOH #VTJOFTT SFQPSUJOH GPS EFDJTJPO NBLJOH

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
"11&/%*9 

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
 "DDPVOUJOH #VTJOFTT SFQPSUJOH GPS EFDJTJPO NBLJOH

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
"11&/%*9 

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
 "DDPVOUJOH #VTJOFTT SFQPSUJOH GPS EFDJTJPO NBLJOH

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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*/%&9 

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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 */%&9

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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*/%&9 

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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 */%&9

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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BTTFU DMBTTFT G QSFTFOU PCMJHBUJPO  NJDSPDSFEJU NJDSPMPBOT
 

*/%&9 

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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WBMVF 

 */%&9

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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*/%&9 

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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 */%&9

© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.
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© John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Not for resale or distr bution. Any unauthorised distribution or use will result in legal action.

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