ORAL COMMUNICATION PRE-FINAL REVIEWER

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
- used to create unity rather than division.
Non-verbal Communication - a communication without words.
Kinesics Behavior - body movement.
Occulesics - eye contact.
Proxemics - space on communication.
Paralanguage - who is something is said.
Object Language or Material Culture - tangible artifacts.
EFFECTIVELY COMMUNICATION SKILLS
- understand the nature and elements of oral communication in context and designs
and performs effective controlled and uncontrolled oral communication activities
based on context.
Targeting Specific Object:
1. Express ideas and reflections clearly;
2. Use various strategies to avoid communication breakdown;
3. Provide proper feedback;
4. Be tolerant to different customs and traditions while transacting or interacting.
5. Search, find and transfer information; and
6. Show confidence in communicating with others.
How to be a Good Communicator:
1. Express your ideas clearly; give your audience direct answers or ideas.
2. Give full attention to your audience in a positive and relax manner: focused and
sincere.
3. Be open to feedback: accept people’s ideas and respect their opinions.
4. Connect-listen-communicate-speak.
FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
Language Functions - refer to how people use language for different purposes. It is
affected by different factors: time, place, and situation.
Regulation/control - is used to control behavior.
Information - it is used to relay messages.
Motivation - is one function of communication that aids in inspiring others.
Social Interaction - involves the production of social relationships.
B. Skinner (1957) - discusses six functions of interaction.
Request for goods, services, or information - happens during business
transactions.
Request for social responses - two types of social responses: overt and
covert.
Overt - responses could be in gestures.
Covert - responses could be in words.
Offering information or interpretation - spontaneous instructions.
Expressive monologues - expressions while talking to oneself.
Routines - greetings, thanks, apologies, offers of service by.
Avoidance conversations - the alternative activity is unpleasant or the sender
is satisfied.
C. Keraf (1996) - stressed that language has some features that are used based on
human needs:
To express himself
To communicate
To organize
To adapt to social integration in our environment
To do social control
D. Holmes (2001) - emphasized six types of language functions:
Expressive - expresses the speaker’s feelings.
Directive - it is used to get someone to do something.
Referential - it is used to provide information.
Metalinguistic - is is used to command on a language itself.
Poetic - it focuses on aesthetic features.
Phatic - it expresses solidarity and empathy with others.
Types of Speech Context
Intrapersonal Communication - a person communicates himself.
Interpersonal Communication - two distinct individuals.
Small Group Communication - several people put together.
Public Communication - fifteen or more persons.
Types of Speech Style
Frozen - respectful situations and formal ceremony.
Formal - formal events.
Consultative - most operational.
Casual - conversation between family and friends.
Intimate - very close members of family and friends.
Types of Speech Acts
Shiffrin (1994) | John Austin (1962) | John Searle (1969) - speech act theory.
Jawaroska - minimal function unit in human communications.
Austin’s theory of speech acts (1962)
Propositional meaning - literal
Illocutionary meaning - social function of what is said
Perlocutionary meaning - effect
Locutionary Act - saying something with a specific meaning in a traditional sense.
Austine (1962) | Searle (1969) | Cohen (1996)
Representatives - committed to the truth of the proposition.
Directives - attempts to get the hearer do something.
Expressives - expresses an attitude about a state of affairs.
Commissives - committed to a future course of action of an object/situation.
Declaratives - the speaker alters the outward status or condition.
Searle (1969) - five illocutionary/perlocutionary points.
Assertives - aims to describe a state of affairs in the world.
Directives - attempt to make the other person’s actions fit the propositional content.
Commissives - commit the speaker to a future course of action.
Expressives - express the sincerity condition of the speech act.
Declaratives - attempt to change the world by “representing it as having been changed.”