Question 1:

TABLE 1 shows the valence electronic configuration for elements A, B, C, and D.

a) Arrange the elements in ascending order of atomic size. Justify and explain.

Firstly, element A has valence electronic configuration ns2 which is it has the smallest number
of shells compared to element B, element C, and element D. Hence, the atomic size of element A is
the smallest among the other elements.

(Compared size atomic atom between element C and element D).

Secondly, valence electronic configuration of element C is (n+1)s2 (n+1)p6 while element D is

(n+2)s2 (n+2)p6 . Both elements have 8 electron valence which is located in Group 18. Both
elements are located in a p-block because the element has electrons filled in the outermost p-
orbital. Next, the number of shell D is (n+2) while the element C is (n+1). This indicates that element
D is bigger than element C in atomic size which means element D is on a lower period compared to
element C. As we move down a group, the number of shells in element D is bigger than in element C,
more inner shells are present to shield the valence electrons from the nucleus, hence increasing the
shielding effect. So the valence electrons of element D are farther from the nucleus than element C.
Thus, the attraction of element D between the nucleus and electrons valence is weaker than
element C. Therefore, the atomic size of element D is larger than element C.

(Compared size atomic atom between element B and element D).

Lastly, the atomic size for element B is bigger than element D because while goes across the
period the atomic size becomes smaller. The atomic size for element D becomes smaller than
element B because of the increase in proton number. However, the number of inner electrons
remains constant. The increases of proton number in element D effective nucleus charge, Zeff. The
valence electrons are held more tightly by the nucleus or experience greater attraction to the
nucleus. As result, across the period the atomic radius will decrease which makes the atomic size of
element D smaller than element B.
b) Compare the size of B ion to A, B, C, and D atoms. Explain.
Question 2:

TABLE 2 shows the ionization energy of P, Q, R, and S atoms. Part of this Table has been torn off.
However, the first five ionization energies are still obtainable:

Determine and match the symbols P, Q, R, and S with the positions (shaded box) in the periodic
table. Justify and explain.

[10 marks]

S
R Q
P

Element P:

Period: 4

Group: 2

Block: s-block
Element Q:

Period: 3

Group: 15

Block: p-block

Element R:

Period: 3

Group: 2

Block: s-block

Element S:

Period: 2

Group: 17

Block: p-block

Explain:

(Element P and Element R)

First, Group 2 is the location of elements P and R. It is because the removal of the second and third
electrons causes dramatic changes in both elements. In contrast to other ratios in elements P and R,
the ratio for IE3/IE2 has the highest difference. This indicates that the third electron is from the inner
shell while the second electron is a valence electron from the outermost shell. Thus, the s-block is
where the two valence electrons of elements P and R are situated. The electron in the outermost
shell serves as the foundation for the atom's groups. Due to element R's higher ionization energy
(kJ/mol) than element P, element R is positioned in Period 3 while element P is located in Period 4.
The shielding effect of an atom in element R is less than an atom in element P due to its smaller
atomic size. The nucleus and valence electron are therefore more attracted to one another in
element R than in element P. To dismantle the forces, Element R requires more energy. Due to this,
element R is in Period 3 and has a larger Ionization Energy than element P, which is in Period 4.

(Element Q and Element S)

Second, while element Q is found in Group 15 and Period 3, and element S is found in Group 17 and
Period 2, respectively. It is because element S has larger ionization energy (kJ/mol) than element Q.
Compared to Period 3, Period 2 has a lower shell or principle quantum number (n). The size and
energy level of an orbital are determined by the fundamental quantum number (n). As a result,
when n is high, the orbital size is bigger and the electron is farther from the nucleus. Element S has
fewer protons than element Q does. Element S is smaller than element Q in terms of size. Element S
has a larger attraction to its nucleus than element Q has to its valence electrons. To dismantle the
forces, Element S requires more energy. Element S has a larger Ionization Energy than element Q
because of this.