Gram-Positive Rods

Gram-Positive Rod
Positive Result Rod Shaped

Bacillus cereus Bacillus anthracis Listeria Corynebacterium

Bacillus Clostridium Non-Spore Forming

Spore-Forming
Aerobic Anaerobic
Bacillus
Gram-Positive Rods
 Gram-Positive Rod

Bacillus cereus Bacillus anthracis Listeria Corynebacterium

Bacillus Clostridium Non-Spore Forming

Spore-Forming
 Diseases

Animal

Anthrax
Edema
Human Edema Factor

Black Eschar
Three Forms Anthrax Lethal Factor

Pulmonary Cutaneous

Gastrointestinal
Important Properties

Square Ends

Ribosomes
Spore Membrane
One Plasmid Spore DNA
DNA
Spore coat
Capsule

Different
Plasmid

Cell Membrane
Transmission

Soil
Human Spores
Spores

Three Forms Trauma

Pulmonary
Cutaneous
Communicable

Mediastinal
Lymph Nodes

Gastrointestinal

Hemorrhagic
Mediastinitis Spores
Pathogenesis Anthrax Toxins Protective
Antigen

Edema Factor Lethal Factor

A B B A
Enzymic Activity Protective Antigen Protective Antigen Enzymic Activity
Cell

Edema
Extracellular cAMP MAPKK
Fluid
Edema Factor
Lethal Factor
(Adenylate Cyclase) (Protease)
ATP MAPK

Anthrax

Cell Growth
 Traditional Methods
Lab Diagnosis
Substrate

Enzyme Linked

ELISA
AB

Antigen
Gram-Staining Blood Agar

Denaturation Advance Methods Anti-Bacterial

Antigen
AB
Bacteria

Direct Fluorescent AB Test

Annealing Fluorescent Dye

PCR
Elongation
Polymerase
Fluorescence
Treatment
Drug Of Choice
Ciprofloxacin
Doxycycline

Preventions

Prophylaxis Animal Die of Anthrax High Risk

Burying Cell-Free Vaccine
Ciprofloxacin 6 Doses Over 18 Month
Doxycycline Incinerating Annual Boosters
 Gram-Positive Rod

Bacillus cereus Bacillus anthracis Listeria Corynebacterium

Bacillus Clostridium Non-Spore Forming

Spore-Forming
 Disease Food Poisoning

Transmission

GIT

Spores Survive
Steaming / Frying
Pathogenesis
Bacillus cereus

ADP-Ribosylation Super Antigen

ADPR + G-Protein Blood Steam

Adenylate
Cyclase

IL-1 IL-2
IL-1 TNF
TNF

cAMP
Toxemia
Clinical Findings Two Syndromes

Long Incubation Period Short Incubation Period

(18 Hours) (4 Hours)

Clostridial Staphylococcus
Gastroenteritis Food Poisoning

Watery / Non-Bloody
Nausea / Vomiting
Diarrhea

Lab Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

Not Done Symptomatic Not Specific

Rice Should Not Kept
Warm For Long Period
Listeria Monocytogenes
Gram-Positive Rods
 Gram-Positive Rod

Listeria Corynebacterium

Bacillus Clostridium Non-Spore Forming

Spore-Forming
Diseases

Meningitis Sepsis Febrile Gastroenteritis

Important Properties
Complete
Lysis of RBC

V Shaped L Shaped Beta-Hemolysis

Motile
Cold Enhancement
Pathogenesis

Pregnant Women Renal Transplant Fetus / Newborn

Female Genital
Tract

Bacteria in Colon

Unpasteurized
Humans
Milk
Raw Veg

UnderCooked Meat
Cell-Mediated

E-Cadherin
Immunity
Internalin
Clinical Findings

Pregnant Women Fetus / Newborn Immuno-Compromised Gastroenteritis

Abortion Watery Diarrhea
Acute Meningitis Sepsis
Premature Delivery Fever/ Headache
Sepsis Bacteremia Meningitis Myalgias
Abdominal Cramps

Treatment
Treatment Not Required
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

Ampicillin + Gentamicin
Ampicillin + Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
Lab Diagnosis

Gram-Staining Blood Culture Sugar-Fermentation Test

Preventions

Immuno-Compromised

Pregnant Women
 Gram-Positive Rod

Listeria Corynebacterium

Bacillus Clostridium Non-Spore Forming

Spore-Forming
Important Properties Wider Wider

Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Club Shaped Leather V Shaped L Shaped

Transmission
Airborne
Droplets
Respiratory
Skin Lesion Tract

Diseases
Diphtheria
Pathogenesis 2 Grey
Pseudomembrane

Toxin

B +
A

NAD Nicotinamide
Receptor

0.1 ML Purified
For Toxin

EF-2 EF-2- ADPR Protein Standardized

Synthesis Toxin
Schick´s Test
Cell Death No Antitoxin Antitoxin

Inflammation No Inflammation
Cell
 Lab Diagnosis
Tellurium
Loeffler Medium Tellurite Plate Salt

Babes-Ernst
Methylene Blue Elemental
Yellowish Growth Tellurium
Treatment

Antibiotics
Drug Of Choice
Penicillin G
Antitoxin Erythromycin
Inhibit Growth
Neutralize Unbound
Toxin Reduce Toxin Production
Decrease Chronic Carriers

Diphtheria Toxoid
Preventions
(Diphtheria Toxoid + Tetanus Toxoid + Acellular Pertussis Vaccine)
Dtap

Immunization
3-Doses: 2 / 4 / 6 Month
Gram-Positive Rod / Club-Shaped Listeria monocytogenes

Toxoid-Vaccine Bacillus anthracis

Black Eschar C. diphtheriae

Internalin C. diphtheriae

Spore-Forming Bacillus cereus

ADPR + G-Protein Bacillus

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