Answer Key Index: Intermediate Plus: J I G K S T y J K S

Answer Key Index:
Intermediate Plus
Загружено: Coco Languages Aug 16, 2021
" 80% (5) · 2K просмотров · 27 страниц

Сведения о документе #
Дата загрузки
Aug 16, 2021
! Сохранено
Оригинальное название
Answer Key
6CM
Авторское право IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q KMI]IHC NCQPKV LKY
© © All Rights Reserved JKNM2IC

ICMKT
Поделиться этим документом>F
tdk tdirm ahcmitihcnj
@VNBBNV
Ig I’m dnm n adhiak, I whujm dnvk

>
ji
[CI] > > adhskc n jkss rnicy pjnak.
tdk supkrjntivk tdk wkttkst aity ic tdk ahuctry
g
tdk pnssivk I wns thjm
rkphrtkm spkkad By ﬆntbntk wnrckm bk it wns
k
[CI] 6 ; tdk wkttkst aity ic tdk ahuctry!
tdk prkskct pkrgkat ahcticuhus I’vk fkkc jivic`
s
tdk prkskct pkrgkat sibpjk I’vk fkkc th
[CI] 1 Facebook 4 Twittertdk pnst pkrgkat I’m ckvkr trnvkjjkm
[CI] = >>
n chc-mk﬎cic` rkjntivk ajnusk
AHBBHC KVVHVQ
wdiad is ic tdk chrtd hg Qpnic
t
y
jk
$
6
> Pdnt bkncs tdis mhks tdis bknc8
6 Ig I’jj dnvk tibk, I’jj ahbk th tdk pnrty.
[CI] ; >;
s
1 I jilk th mricl ah﬏kk ic tdk bhrcic`./I jilk mriclic` ah﬏kk ic
tdk bhrcic`.
= Dk sthppkm th pjnyic` ghhtfnjj fkanusk dk wns thh hjm.
[CI] 7
Эл. почта >9
;
7
Pdkrk anc I anc fuy n jnpthp8
Ykstkrmny I’vk visitkm tdk buskub.
0 I su``kstkm dkr th (tdnt) sdk nrrivk/nrrivkm knrjy.
4 Pdkrk nrk is yhur ju``n`ks8
9 I jistkc th busia kvkry mny.
[CI] 0 66 >? I’vk lchwc dkr sicak ghr tkc yknrs.
WHANF[JNVY
Этот документ
[CI] 4 был вам6;
полезен? 1N
> -ic` nmekativk 6 bujti-whrm vkrf 1 vkrf pdrnsk witd prkphsitihc
= ahjjhantihc ; sufix 7 ahbphucm chuc 0 prk﬎x 4 imihb
_VHC[CAIN]IHC
=F
Qnbk vhwkj shucm5 6, 1, ;, 7, 9
AHJJHAN]IHCQ
;N
dnvk5 n `hhm tibk, n mrknb
mh5 kxkraisk, rksknrad
Это неприемлемый материал? Пожаловаться на этот документ bnlk5 nc k﬏hrt, n jivic`
`h5 fy anr, hc n mikt
VK@IQ]KV
7
Ghrbnj5 6, =, ; (ghrbnj jkttkr, fusickss rkphrt)
Icghrbnj5 >, 1, 7 (tkxts hr chtks)
>.> AHGGKK MVICLKV8

WHANF[JNVY
>N
Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5
> knrjy firm5 shbkhck wdh rkùjnrjy `kts up knrjy fy adhiak
6 stial th n rhutick5 mh tdk snbk tdic`/s rkùjnrjy
1 nativk jigkstyjk5 n jigk gujj hg kxkraisk ncm bhvkbkct< skmkctnry
jigkstyjk5 n jigk spkct bnicjy sittic` mhwc ncm cht kxkraisic` tdk
fhmy
= njtkrcntivk jigkstyjk5 n jigk tdnt mhks cht ahcghrb th chrbnj
fkdnvihur ic shaikty
; chbnmia jigkstyjk5 n jigk spkct bhvic` th mi﬏krkct pjnaks
7 whrl jhc` dhurs5 spkcm n jht hg tibk whrlic`, k.`. knrjy
bhrcic` uctij jntk nt ci`dt
Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4 >
6CM
KMI]IHC IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q NCQPKV LKY >
VKNMIC@ WHANF[JNVY _J[Q B[J]I7PHVM WKVFQ
6A 0N
> Ldnjim wns n `hnt-dkrmkr wdh bnmk n mricl grhb ah﬏kk fkncs N nativk F skmkctnry A chbnmia
nWkr chtiaic` dis `hnts fkahbic` bhrk kckr`ktia wdkc tdky ntk
tdk fkncs. Fnfn Fumnc wns n >0td akctury trnvkjjkr wdh sbu``jkm F
skvkc ah﬏kk fkncs th Icmin. > hvkr 6 nWkr 1 hvkr = mhwc ; h﬏ 7 up witd
6 Girsts5 ah﬏kk misahvkrkm ic Ktdihpin ic tdk 9td akctury NM< whrjm’s 0 icth 4 ghrwnrm th 9 (shbkhck) grhb >? up witd
﬎rst ah﬏kk dhusk hpkckm ic Ahcstnctichpjk (chw anjjkm Istncfuj)
ic >=0;< Arkbk _u﬏ wns tdk whrjm’s hjmkst ant< tdk ﬎rst tibk A
ah﬏kk wns mrucl witd bijl wns wdkc n >0td akctury Grkcad mhathr n) hvkr / nWkr f) ghrwnrm th
prksarifkm bijl ncm ah﬏kk ghr dis pntikcts< Qancmicnvincs nrk
tdk cubfkr hck ah﬏kk mriclkrs< Frnzij is tdk cubfkr hck ah﬏kk w WHANF[JNVYFNCL p>6? Bujti-whrm vkrfs
prhmuakr.
Qkahcms5 ah﬏kk is tdk whrjm’s skahcm bhst phpujnr mricl, nWkr tkn< N >M 6F 1N =K ;A
@rncmpn Vkx Njjkc wns tdk skahcm hjmkst ant< Wiktcnb is F > lkkp th 6 put h﬏ 1 jhhl fnal = dncm fnal ; tnlk hc
tdk whrjm’s skahcm jnr`kst ah﬏kk prhmuakr. 7 tnlk up 0 put th`ktdkr 4 lkkp hc 9 jhhl ndknm
1 It ìvks yhu kckr`y ncm anc nat ns nc ncti-mkprkssnct, dkjp >? dncm ic
furc gnt, ncm bny prhtkat pkhpjk grhb Njzdkibkr’s, _nrlicshc’s ncm
mkbkctin.
@VNBBNV ]DK _NQQIWK< AN[QN]IWK DNWK >.6 JIGK IQ F[QY

1N WHANF[JNVY WKVF + _VK_HQI]IHC
n) =
f) > wns misahvkrkm, 6 dns fkkc sdhwc th dnvk, 1 dnm ckvkr fkghrk >A
fkkc mrucl, = dnm tdk fkncs pjnctkm ncm dnrvkstkm > tnlk hc 6 bnlk tibk ghr 1 lkkp up witd = jkt (std) pijk up
; hvkrwdkjbkm fy 7 stru``jk witd 0 rnaic` nrhucm
F 4 dnvk ch ahctrhj hvkr 9 tnlk tibk hut
> wdnt dnppkcs th 6 uclchwc 1 pnst
A JIQ]KCIC@
njj truk 6N
]dk prh`rnbbk ghausks hc tdk prhfjkb hg pkhpjk gkkjic` thh fusy
M
_nssivks5 Gnat 6 ‑ tdk mricl wns cnbkm nWkr tdk pjnak< ah﬏kk fkncs njj tdk tibk.
wkrk kxphrtkm. Gnat 1 ‑ ah﬏kk wns prhdifitkm< it’s snim chw tdnt. F
Gnat = ‑ it wns sdhrtkckm. Gnat 4 ‑ ;?? fijjihc aups nrk mrucl. Gnat > _rkvihusjy pkhpjk ahbpnrkm tdkir suctncs hr tnjlkm nfhut tdk
9 ‑ah﬏kk dns fkkc sdhwc dhjimny. Chwnmnys pkhpjk jhhl nt tdkir pdhck/ahbputkr ncm tnjl
Anusntivk dnvk5 Gnat > ‑ dk dnm tdkb turckm icth n mricl. nfhut dhw bncy kbnijs nrrivkm wdijk tdky wkrk nwny.
6 Naahrmic` th tdk prh`rnbbk wk ajnib th fk fusy fkanusk fusy-ckss
w JNC@[N@KFNCL >.> p>?=‑>?; is n pnrt hg hur stntus. It bnlks us gkkj ibphrtnct th fk fusy.
N A
> wns bixkm 6 dns fkkc kcehykm 1 is fkjikvkm = wkrk > ] 6 ] 1 G … skkc ns shbkhck wdh is jnzy (cht stupim) =]
ictrhmuakm ; dns fkkc shjm 7 skct 0 wns shjm 4 bnmk ; G cickty-dhur wkkls (cht sixty)
9 wns bnmk >? is bnmk
F @VNBBNV _VKQKC] ]KCQKQ5 QIB_JK WQ
> Qdk dnm dkr dncmfn` sthjkc. AHC]IC[H[Q, Q]N]IWK WKVFQ
6 I dnvk by fjhhm adkalkm fy tdk mhathr kvkry bhctd./Kvkry 1N
bhctd I dnvk by fjhhm adkalkm fy tdk mhathr. > prkskct ahcticuhus uskm ghr shbktdic` dnppkcic` nrhucm chw (nt
1 Dk’s dnvic` dis dnir aut. tdk bhbkct)
= Pk’jj dnvk tdk wnjjs pnictkm. 6 prkskct sibpjk uskm ghr n dnfit (I h'kc/usunjjy/njwnys …, kta.)
; Dk dnm dis chsk frhlkc fy dis hpphckct. 1 prkskct sibpjk ghr stntks (wnct, jilk, jhvk, kta.)
7 Qdk dnm n mrkss bnmk ghr tdk haansihc. = prkskct ahcticuhus uskm nWkr whrms jilk njwnys/ahcticuhusjy, kta.
0 Pk dnm dib ghjjhwkm fy n privntk icvksti`nthr. th mksarifk n rkpkntkm natihc tdnt bi`dt fk ncchyic`
4 ]dky dnm tdkir rhhg rkpnirkm. ; prkskct ahcticuhus ghr n adncìc` situntihc
7 prkskct sibpjk ghr n gnat
=N 0 prkskct ahcticuhus ghr n pjncckm guturk natihc
cnijs F
n) 6 f) 7 a) 1 m) > k) ; g) = `) 0
F
> wntad 6 dhusk 1 rhhg = anr A
nrk cht
;
> dnm hur wnsdic` bnadick ﬎xkm
6 wns ìvkc n prizk w JNC@[N@KFNCL p>?=‑>?; _rkskct tkcsks
1 wijj fk thjm
= dns fkkc sdhwc N > nrk njwnys nslic` 6 dnvk 1 tdicl = spkcm ; mhc’t
; dnm by dknric` adkalkm rknjisk 7 `kt up 0 is 4 bnlk 9 jhhlic` >? adkal
7 nrk lchwc ghr >> ’b rkfuijmic` >6 pnict >1 ﬎cisd >= ahjjkat
0 dnm cht fkkc thjm >; ’b puttic`
4 dnm tdkir dhusk frhlkc F > sdk’s whrlic` 6 mhc’t rkbkbfkr 1 mkpkcms = nrk yhu
stnyic`8 ; prkgkrs 7 I’b auttic` mhwc 0 is ibprhvic`
4 wk’rk trnvkjjic`
Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4 6
6CM
=F
> try tryic`
>.= GNIV IQJK
6 I’b prkgkrric` prkgkr
1 jhhl jhhlic`, try nb tryic` MWM _VKWIKP
= I’b cht rknjisic` mhc’t rknjisk, spkcm I’b spkcmic`, I’b `hic` `h >F
; I’b cht rknjjy n`rkkic` mhc’t rknjjy n`rkk, I’b tdiclic` tdicl Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5
7 adkal adkalic`, I’b ﬎cmic` ﬎cm @hhm5 it’s fknutiguj ‑ —tdk isjncm dns its fknuty ncm jivic` tdkrk anc fk
;F rkwnrmic`’
> I’b tryic` th `kt up nt ﬎vk n.b. Fnm5 it’s dnrm whrl jivic` tdkrk ‑ —n vkry thu`d jigkstyjk witd jhts hg
6 I’b rknjjy fusy nt tdk bhbkct. hutmhhr whrl’
1 I try cht th whrl ic tdk kvkcic`s.
= Fkghrk I lchw it, twh dhurs dns misnppknrkm. MWM WIKP
; Dk’s njwnys jhhlic` nt dis pdhck
6
PVI]IC@ NC NV]IAJK< JKNVC ]H [QK _KVQ[NQIWK Ncswkrs5
JNC@[N@K _rhfjkbs witd phwkr suppjy
0F ]dkrk’s eust hck sbnjj sdhp
Fkic` fhrkm bi`dt dkjp yhu th tdicl nfhut yhur jigk ncm tdic`s yhu Kvkryhck dns th mh bhrk tdnc hck ehf
whujm jilk th adnc`k. Fkic` fhrkm bi`dt icspirk yhu th mh shbktdic`
arkntivk, kta. Yhu’rk ishjntkm
Yhu dnvk th mh kvkrytdic`5 —Ig wk wnct ncytdic` mhic` dkrk, wk dnvk
M th mh it ghr hurskjvks’.
>] 6] 1] =G ;] Yhu anccht jknvk knsijy5 —Ig n rkjntihcsdip wnsc’t whrlic` shbkwdkrk
K kjsk, yhu ahujm eust pnal tdk anr ncm `h ncm jknvk’.
[sic` pkrshcnj prhchucs5 Dnvk wk ghr`httkc …8 Pk tdicl hg ]dk wictkrs nrk prhfnfjy ahjm5 —Ncm tdky’rk ykt th gnak tdkir ﬎rst
fhrkmhb … (Ictrh) wictkr hc Gnir Isjk’.
Vkgkrric` th rksknrad5 Vksknrad sdhws wk `kt n mhpnbick dit … (7)
1F
[sic` mkajnrntivk skctkcaks5 Hur sufahcsaihus bicm is usunjjy fkttkr
> ]dkrk’s ch kjkatriaity nt ci`dt ncm yhu anc fk aut h﬏ ghr mnys nt ncy
nt shjvic` prhfjkbs … (6)
tibk hg tdk yknr.
[sic` rdkthrianj qukstihcs5 Is tdnt rknjjy suad n fnm tdic`8 (0) 6 Kvkry nfjk-fhmikm nmujt dns th mh skvkrnj ehfs.
1 Qdnuc ncm Vnadkj wkrk ic tdk bijitnry. ]dkir rkjntihcsdip is ckw.
]dky dnm fkkc th`ktdkr ghr hcjy tdrkk bhctds wdkc tdky nppjikm
>.1 PDN] PH[JM YH[ ]NLK8 th jivk hc tdk isjncm.
= Hcak, njbhst =?? pkhpjk jivkm dkrk. ]dk Cntihcnj ]rust ghr
WHANF[JNVY KWKVYMNY HFEKA]Q Qahtjncm fhu`dt Gnir Isjk ic >9;=.
; ]dk phpujntihc is ;0. ]dky ruc >4 arhWs ncm njj tdk isjncm’s
w WHANF[JNVYFNCL p>6? Kvkrymny hfekats
>N > K 6 @ 1 N = A ; I 7 F 0 D 4 G 9 E >? M
Поиск ksskctinj skrviaks.
7 It’s nt tdk thp hg tdk [citkm Lic`mhb, dnjgwny fktwkkc tdk
Qdktjncm Isjncms ncm tdk Hrlcky Isjncms. It is tdrkk bijks jhc`
F > ausdihc 6 ji`dtkr 1 sdhk jnaks = sthhj ; nmnptkr ncm hck ncm n dnjg bijks narhss, ncm it is Fritnic’s bhst rkbhtk
7 ﬆnsd mrivk 0 kcvkjhpk 4 futthc 9 fkjt >? pju` icdnfitkm isjncm.
=F
G[CA]IHC MKQAVIFIC@ KWKVYMNY HFEKA]Q > fk witdhut phwkr/kjkatriaity (uskm th tnjl nfhut fkic` ishjntkm)
6N 6 mhks skvkrnj ehfs (whrlic` ahcmitihcs hc Gnir Isjk)
% Истек срок вашей подписки Scribd. Нажмите

bkctihckm (tialkm)5 pnssphrt, jnpthp, dnrm mrivk, bhfijk pdhck,
fjnclkt, ah﬏kk pht, pkclcigk, ahhlic` pht, ùitnr, sijvkr ric`, mnm’s
wntad
1 ic nc kxtrkbkjy mifiaujt situntihc wdkc n adnc`k bust dnppkc
(tdk cubfkr hg pkhpjk hc Gnir Isjk)
= tdky dnm th spkcm njj hg tdkir bhcky (Qknc ncm Vnadkj’s mkaisihc
cht bkctihckm5 thrad, adnr`kr, ckaljnak
здесь, чтобы продлить th bhvk th Gnir Isjk)
; stny pkrbnckctjy (Qknc ncm Vnadkj)
F 7 wknl natihcs tdnt mhc’t nadikvk buad (yhu dnvk th fk >??%
]dky n`rkk nfhut njj tdk itkbs tdky bkctihc, kxakpt tdk ah﬏kk pht. ahbbittkm th jigk hc tdk isjncm)
0 `hhm ncm fnm bhbkcts (Qknc ncm Vnadkj’s rkjntihcsdip)
1F
>m 6n 1` =f ;g 7a 0k spknlhut kxpjnic tdk jigkstyjk yhu prkgkr
w JNC@[N@KFNCL >.1 p>?=‑>?; Mksarific` hfekats 7N
Jivic` ic Ckw Yhrl ‑ sdk jilkm tdk bhcky, tdk gnst pnak hg jigk, tdk
! Сохранено
> jkntdkr, n 6 ckkm 1 icmispkcsnfjk/ksskctinj, usk
—fuzz’ hg dkr whrl.
= skctibkctnj ; `hhm 7 ksskctinj/icmispkcsnfjk
Jivic` ic Kaunmhr ‑ sdk wns dknjtdikr, ntk fkttkr ghhm, mim bhrk
=N kxkraisk, ncm ghucm tibk th rkjnx. Qdk jhvkm kxpkrikcaic` cnturk ncm
> icmispkcsnfjk, ckkm 6 bnmk, skctibkctnj 1 dknvy, usk tdk haknc, `hic` ghr wnjls ncm jhhlic` nt tdk stnrs.
= ch, anc ; tdnt’s, pjny
F
Qdk snys njj tdk Lky _drnsks kxakpt5 —it’s ibphrtnct th sjhw mhwc’ ncm
JKNVC ]H VKQ_HCM ]H Q[@@KQ]IHCQ —I buad prkgkr aity jigk’.
;N
> thh 6 n`rkk 1 tdic` = tdnt ; adhiak 7 surk 0 cht rknjjy writkfnal n prhs ncm ahcs kssny
4 limmic` 9 uskguj >? sny
4N
7N
It ictrhmuaks tdk thpia ncm ìvks nc kxnbpjk hg shbkhck wdh dns
> ibprnatianj 6 tdicl 1 anc = surk ; ghr 7 tdic`
njrknmy kxpjhrkm tdis qukstihc.
0 wntad 4 ksskctinj
6CM
>.; JHHLFNAL _VKQKC] ]KCQKQ
=N
JIGKQ]YJK > spkcm 6 ’b mrivic` 1 whrl = mrivk ; ’b whrlic`
7 nrk tnlic` 0 is 4 nrk 9 mhc’t dnvk >? ’b mrivic`
>N
>> ’b jhhlic`
> nativk 6 knrjy firm 1 jhc` dhurs = skmkctnry
; stial (th n) rhutick 7 chbnmia
WKVF + _VK_HQI]IHC
]DK _NQQIWK< AN[QN]IWK DNWK ;N
> fy 6 ghr 1 up = witd ; nrhucm, up 7 hc
6N
6 ]kn wns ﬎rst mrucl ic Adicn =,??? yknrs n`h. F
1 ]kn jknvks anc fk uskm th rknm tdk guturk. Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5
= Bijl wns ﬎rst nmmkm th tkn ic tdk >0td akctury. Nt tdk bhbkct I’b hvkrwdkjbkm fy njj tdk rkvisihc I ckkm th mh ghr
; HL by kxnbs.
7 HL
It’s ibphrtnct ghr bk th try ncm bnlk tibk ghr pjnyic` tdk ùitnr.
F
6 ]dk bnic thpia hg tdk skctkcak is tkn, cht pkhpjk, sh tdk pnssivk is MKQAVIFIC@ HFEKA]Q
fkttkr dkrk.
1 ]dk bnic thpia is tkn jknvks. ]dk imkctity hg tdk pkhpjk is cht 7N
ibphrtnct, sh tdk pnssivk is fkttkr dkrk. > fhttjk 6 ubfrkjjn 1 anbkrn = stnbp ; ckaljnak
= ]dk bnic thpia is bijl. ]dk pkrshc is uclchwc, sh tdk pnssivk is
fkttkr dkrk.
1N
> dnvk, aut 6 dnm, pnictkm 1 dnm, wnsdkm = dnm, ajknckm
; dnvk, adkalkm 7 dnvk, tkstkm
F
Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5
Pdkc wns tdk jnst tibk yhu dnm yhur dhusk pnictkm/anr wnsdkm8
Pdkrk mim yhu jnst dnvk yhur dnir aut8
Mh yhu jilk th dnvk yhur anr wnsdkm fy htdkrs hr mh yhu mh
it yhurskjg8
Dnvk yhu dnm yhur kyks tkstkm rkakctjy8
Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4 =
6CM
KMI]IHC IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q NCQPKV LKY
6.> @KCI[Q ICWKC]IHCQ PVI]IC@ N _VHM[A] MKQAVI_]IHC< JKNVC ]H
WHANF[JNVY NMEKA]IWKQ ]H MKQAVIFK
>F
ICWKC]IHCQ
0F
PVI]K _KVQ[NQIWK AH_Y
Cht icajumkm5 1 icgh nfhut sdippic` ‑ ajkvkr ajip

= fnal`rhucm icgh ‑ ajkvkr ajip
6
b
> chvkj, `rhucmfrknlic` 6 murnfjk 1 ﬆibsy = gucatihcnj 4N
; ﬆkxifjk 7 stuccic` 0 phrtnfjk 4 kmifjk 9 uciquk Yks, tdk tkxts ghjjhw tdk nmviak ic tdk tips.
>? fihmk`rnmnfjk >> ajip-hc
F
n
A Mim yhu lchw tdnt …8 2 ]ips >, 7
Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5 Qh, ig yhu wnct tdk pkrgkat … yhu ckkm … 2 ]ip 1
l
I jilk tdk gnat tdnt tdis is kmifjk ghr ﬎sd ‑ sh it’s natunjjy
… is tdk whrjm’s ﬎rst 2 ]ip ;
fihmk`rnmnfjk. (six pnal ric`s)
… kcdncak tdk tnstk ncm tdk nrhbn hg 2 ]ip =
JIQ]KCIC@ ]dk B]N Dnirajip is strkc`tdkckm witd … 2 ]ip 6
Qh ckxt tibk yhu’rk … 2 ]ip 7
k
6N
firmy ﬆi`dt stibujnthr, kmifjk sphhcs, dhrsk scknlkrs, wntkr ghr
ah﬏kk mriclkrs
A
> Nrk yhu n ah﬏kk kctdusinst8 Qh ig yhu wnct tdk pkrgkat aup
hg ah﬏kk
r
s
F 6 it’s murnfjk ncm it gknturks n sarkwmrivkr, n fhttjk hpkckr, n cnij
>] 6 ] 1 G ‑ bnmk hg mhu`d = G ‑ ncy ﬆnvhur yhu jilk ﬎jk, n trhjjky ahic ncm n skrrntkm lcigk, njj ahctnickm witdic tdk
;] 7] 7x6.= ab ajip.
1 yhu anc anrry it hc yhur lky ric`< Qh ig yhu wnct tdk pkrgkat aup
@VNBBNV ^[KQ]IHC GHVBQ< ICMIVKA] hg ah﬏kk ic tdk bhrcic`, yhu ckkm Nquikb, tdk whrjm’s ﬎rst
^[KQ]IHCQ mksi`ckr ah﬏kk wntkr< th kcsurk yhu anc frkw tdk pkrgkat aup
1N hg ah﬏kk wdkckvkr yhu wnct it
> yhu lchw 6 Pdh 1 it dnvk = tdksk nrk ; whujm yhu = puri﬎km tdkc fjkcmkm< it jhhls jilk n chrbnj dnirajip
; th ìvk it its vkry fkst tnstk< kxtkcsivk rksknrad< prkaisk
F ghrbujn< trujy bujtigucatihcnj
n) 1 f) ; a) > ncm = m) 6 7 … wdkckvkr yhu wnct it< Ig yhu’rk cht icth ah﬏kk, yhu anc njsh
usk Nquikb ghr tkn! Ckvkr dnvk n sarkwmrivkr wdkc yhu ckkm
A hck8 yhu anc anrry it hc yhur lkyric`, sh yhu ckvkr n`nic …
> icmirkat 6 phsitivk stntkbkcts 1 mhc’t usk
M
=N > Mim yhu lchw tdnt
> Anc I nsl wdnt yhu lchw nfhut tdis mksi`c8 6 is spkainjjy mksi`ckm
6 Pdy whujm yhu wnct th fuy tdis8 1 Mksi`ckm fy
1 Pdh mkvkjhpkm tdis imkn8 = trujy uciquk
= Anc yhu tkjj bk ig tdis is fihmk`rnmnfjk8 ; Qh, ig yhu wnct th spkcm
; Mhks it dnvk n prnatianj usk8 7 nrk pkrgkat ghr yhu.
7 Mh yhu tdicl tdis is n `hhm imkn8
]I_ 6.6 F[IJMKVQ

It dns n qukstihc bnrl.
WHANF[JNVY F[IJMIC@Q
w JNC@[N@KFNCL 6.> p>?7‑>?0 >N
> N antdkmrnj F tkbpjk A gnathry M bhsquk K anstjk
N > f) 6 a) 1 f) = n) ; a) 7 n) = wicmbijj5 fuijmic` hr struaturk witd pnrts tdnt turc nrhucm ic
F tdk wicm, uskm ghr prhmuaic` kjkatrianj phwkr hr arusdic` `rnic
> Anc yhu tkjj bk wdnt tibk tdk sdhw is8 fnrc5 n jnr`k gnrb fuijmic` ghr sthric` arhps, hr ghr lkkpic`
6 Mh yhu lchw wdkrk Bnrah put tdk ju``n`k8 ncibnjs ic
1 Anc I nsl yhu dhw hjm yhu nrk8 `rkkcdhusk5 `jnss fuijmic` uskm ghr `rhwic` pjncts
= Anc yhu tkjj bk ig yhu’vk kvkr skkc hck hg tdksk fkghrk8 wnrkdhusk5 jnr`k fuijmic` ghr sthric` jnr`k qunctitiks hg `hhms
; Anc I nsl wdnt yhu tdicl hg tdk imkn8
anvk5 jnr`k cnturnj dhjk ic tdk simk hg n aji﬏ hr dijj, hr ucmkr tdk
7 Mh yhu lchw wdnt tdk prhfjkb is8
`rhucm
sdkm5 sbnjj fuijmic`, hWkc bnmk hg whhm, uskm kspkainjjy ghr
;N sthric` tdic`s
Qkk numih saript 6.1 ghr ncswkrs. sdkjtkr5 fuijmic` hr nc nrkn witd n rhhg hvkr it tdnt prhtkats yhu
[cit 6 Vkahrmic` 1 grhb tdk wkntdkr hr grhb mnc`kr
> ]dksk nrk sphhcs8 ]dky’rk kmifjk8 F

6 Yhu whujm fuy hck hg tdksk8 > antdkmrnj, bhsquk, tkbpjk 6 wnrkdhusk, sdkm
1 Dk’s dkr gntdkr. Dk’s Irncinc. 1 fnrc, `rkkcdhusk = wicmbijj, gnathry ; sdkjtkr, anstjk
= It’s cick h’ajhal. Pk’rk jntk. 7 anvk
; Yhu’vk skkc it fkghrk8
7 Qdk jivks dkrk8 ]dksk nrk dkr tdic`s8 A
> anstjk 6 wicmbijj 1 sdkm = sdkjtkr ; `rkkcdhusk
6N
m ‑ wicmbijj, t ‑ anstjk, u ‑ bhsquk
Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4 ;
6CM
KMI]IHC IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q NCQPKV LKY 6
F 0N
> p ic aupfhnrm 6 c ic ahjubcs 1 l (﬎rst) ic lchalkm > bimci`dt, bisspkct, ah-arknthr, misnsskbfjk, rknsskbfjk
= s ic isjncm ; u ic ùnrm ncm t ic anstjk 7 w ic wdhjk 6 ehyguj, gnbhus, adijmisd, bnìanj, rkjinfjk, busianj, cnturnj
Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5 sdhujm, whujm, lckk, tdubf, swhrm, snjbhc,
F
fhbf, lchw
n) bis- , k.`. bisdknr, bisucmkrstncm
f) rk-, k.`. rkvikw
w WHANF[JNVYFNCL 6.6 p>6> a) bim- , k.`. bim-bhrcic`
m) mis-, k.`. misnpprhvk
>N > adibcky 6 shjnr pnckj 1 nttia = rhhg ; akijic`
k) ah-, k.`. ah-whrlkr
7 dnjjwny 0 fnskbkct 4 vkrncmn 9 fnjahcy >? ùttkr
F > shjnr pnckj 6 adibcky (ckkm n ﬎rk th lkkp wnrb)< bnyfk A
ùttkr (ic ahuctriks wdkrk it rnics bhrk ic wictkr) 1 nttia, ]ruk
fnskbkct = ùttkr (bnyfk adibcky, bnyfk dnjjwny)
; vkrncmn, fnjahcy (bnyfk rhhg hc shbk fuijmic`s) 4
> misdhckst 6 ah-pijht 1 hriìcnj = rkfuijm ; bim-bhrcic`
7 mhnfjk 0 biseum`km 4 bhuctnichus 9 ah-whrlkrs >? dkjpguj
VKNMIC@
1F
Picmbijj bnc5 > Pijjinb Lnblwnbfn fuijt n wicmbijj ghr dis vijjn`k
w WHANF[JNVYFNCL >.> p>6> Qufixks
ic Bnjnwi wdkc dk wns ghurtkkc yknrs hjm. 6 Dk snw n min`rnb ncm 6 > misnstrhus 6 mrknmguj 1 suitnfjk = gnfujhus
kxpjncntihc ic n jifrnry fhhl. 1 dis gnbijy ncm tdk vijjn`krs ; anpnfjk 7 ckrvhus 0 icvkstbkct 4 licmckss
= rkayajkm bntkrinjs, k.`. n fiayajk grnbk, pjnstia pipks ; fuijt htdkr 9 nmbirntihc >? ghhjisd >> nbnzkbkct >6 skj﬎sd
wicmbijjs ncm n wntkr pubp, nppknrkm hc ]W, writtkc n fhhl, ìvkc
tnjls.
Anvk mi``kr5 > Vn _nujkttk is n saujpthr wdh arkntks fknutiguj anvks Q_KNLIC@
6 wns whrlic` ic n ehf mi`ìc` wkjjs wdkc dk mkaimkm th whrl witd 9N
dis dncms 1 jhanj pkhpjk wdh ahbbissihc tdkb = ]dk anvks nrk > uskguj 6 bisucmkrstncm 1 nmvkcturhus = mishr`nciskm
cnturnj. Dk sdnpks tdkb usic` dncm-dkjm thhjs. ; ahbpjktkm bhrk ; busianj 7 rkwritk
tdnc n mhzkc anvks, dnm n mhaubkctnry bnmk nfhut dib. Jigk dnsc’t
adnc`km buad. F
Qdkjtkr dkjpkr5 > Kjvis Qubbkrs is n fuijmkr hg sdkjtkrs/dhbks ghr > dncmbnmk hfekats 6 ehlks 1 ghhm = pnrtiks ; busia
tdk dhbkjkss. 6 Dk snw n dhbkjkss whbnc kvkry mny ncm mkaimkm 7 sthriks
th dkjp dkr. 1 tdk dhbkjkss = Dk fuys bntkrinjs ncm nsls ghr
mhcntihcs hg whhm. ; Dk dns jnucadkm n gucmrnisic` anbpni`c, fuijt
hvkr =? sdkjtkrs, ncm is mkvkjhpic` n bhfijk sdhwkr ucit. Dis jigk dns
adnc`km fkanusk hg dis whrl fuijmic` ncm rnisic` bhcky ghr bncy 6.1 QH[CMQ JILK N _JNC!
sdkjtkrs.
WHANF[JNVY _VHEKA]Q
@VNBBNV _VKQKC] _KVGKA] QIB_JK NCM 6N
AHC]IC[H[Q ﬎cncaic` 2 gucmic` (bhcky) ghr n prhekat
=N gucmrnisic` 2 nativitiks th bnlk bhcky ghr n prhekat/adnrity
> dns fkahbk 6 dns fkkc ìvic` 1 dns fkkc arkntic` `rncts 2 nc nbhuct hg bhcky ìvkc fy n `hvkrcbkct hr hr`ncisntihc
= dns ahbpjktkm ; dns fkkc fuijmic` 7 dnvk ahcstruatkm ghr n pnrtiaujnr purphsk
F sphcshrs 2 pkhpjk hr hr`ncisntihcs tdnt pny ghr nc kvkct hr prhekat
> Ahbpjktkm natihcs5 >, =, 7. Hc`hic`, icahbpjktk natihcs5 6, 1, ; fum`kt 2 tdk nbhuct hg bhcky ckkmkm ghr n prhekat/kvkct
6 >, =, 7 vkcuks 2 pjnaks/jhantihcs wdkrk nc hr`nciskm kvkct anc tnlk pjnak
1 6, 1, ; pkrshcckj 2 pkhpjk kbpjhykm ic n ahbpncy
A kquipbkct 2 tdic`s tdnt nrk ckkmkm ghr n pnrtiaujnr purphsk
> dnvk 6 fkkc 1 ahcticuhus = sibpjk ; sibpjk jhìstias 2 tdk mktnijkm hr`ncisntihc hg n prhekat/kvkct/nativity
sadkmujk 2 n tibktnfjk/pjnc ghr n prhekat hr kvkct
w JNC@[N@KFNCL 6.6 p>?7‑>?0 prhbhtihc 2 tdk pufjiaisic` hg nc kvkct hr n prhmuat
N > kcehykm 6 fuijt 1 fkkc whrlic` = ahbpjktkm pufjiaity 2 ìvic` hut bntkrinj hr icghrbntihc th nmvkrtisk shbktdic`
; fkkc dimmkc 7 fkkc tryic`
F
F > fkkc rnicic` 6 fkkc mhic` 1 wntadkm = sphlkc > Bhcky5 ﬎cncaic`, gucmrnisic`, `rncts, sphcshrs, fum`kt
; fkkc wnitic` 7 ﬎cisdkm 0 fkkc whrlic` 4 fkkc pjnccic` Prittkc mhwc5 `rncts, fum`kt
9 writtkc >? rknm _khpjk hr hr`ncisntihcs5 sphcshrs
6 prhbhtihc, pufjiaity
;N 1 pkrshcckj
> dnvk fkkc pjnccic` 6 dnvk rkakivkm 1 dnvk yhu skkc = kquipbkct
= dns fkkc writic` ; dnvkc’t lchwc 7 dnvk fkkc tryic` ; vkcuks
0 dns fkkc pnictic` 4 dnvkc’t icajumkm 9 dnvk yhu fkkc mhic` 7 sadkmujk
>? dns fkkc whrlic`/dns whrlkm 0 jhìstias
WHANF[JNVY _J[Q PHVM7F[IJMIC@5 _VKGITKQ A

﬎cncaic`, gucmrnisic`, `rncts, sphcshrs, fum`kt, prhbhtihc,
NCM Q[GGITKQ
pufjiaity, pkrshcckj, kquipbkct, vkcuks, sadkmujk, jhìstias
7
thwkrs hg whhmkc fjhals, Jk`h anstjks ncm dhusks (kbpirks), n mnb ic
tdk strknb, frim`ks hg pnstn ncm `juk, n busianj icstrubkct hg whhm G[CA]IHC E[M@IC@ NCM KWNJ[N]IC@ IMKNQ
ncm ruffkr fncms 1N
pkrshcckj 1 ﬎cncaic` > sadkmujk 6 vkcuk =
6CM
F writkfnal nc nrtiajk
> th nppjy ghr tdk `rnct
6 rnic is ghrkanst hc ]dursmny, 1.?? is thh jntk ns it wijj `kt mnrl 4N
1 N gnbhus nathr dns n`rkkm th stnr ic tdk ﬎jb. Yks. Fkanusk it’s nc ibphrtnct twkcty-﬎rst-akctury slijj< it’s ckkmkm
= nt tdk hjm pufjia sdkjtkr fy tdk rivkr ic tdk pnrl th ahpk witd tdk rnpimjy adncìc` whrjm< kbpjhykrs wijj fk jhhlic`
ghr pkhpjk witd arkntivk imkns, wdh anc ﬎cm arkntivk shjutihcs th
=N prhfjkbs.
> tdicl 6 phtkctinj 1 shucms = shucm ; chc-stnrtkr 7 whrl
0 ]dnt’s 4 bi`dt 9 tdnt
F 6.; JHHLFNAL
_hsitivk kxprkssihcs5 I tdicl it dns phtkctinj< ]dnt shucms `rknt<
tdnt’s n phssifijity< tdnt bi`dt whrl< I jilk tdk shucm hg tdnt ICMIVKA] ^[KQ]IHCQ
Ck`ntivk kxprkssihcs5 tdnt’s n chc-stnrtkr< I’b cht surk tdnt’jj whrl.
>N
;N > Anc yhu tkjj bk wdnt yhu’rk mhic` jntkr8
> Mh yhu jilk tdk imkn8 6 ]dnt bi`dt whrl. 1 ]dnt jhhls/shucms 6 Anc I nsl yhu wdkrk yhu’rk `hic` nt tdk wkklkcm8
`rknt! = I’b cht ahcvicakm nfhut tdnt. ; Ch wny. 1 Anc yhu tkjj bk wdh yhur gnvhuritk busiainc / nrtist / mksi`ckr is8
= Mh yhu dnvk ncy imkn wdkrk yhu’rk `hic` ghr yhur ckxt dhjimny8
; Mh yhu lchw wdnt yhur pjncs nrk ghr tdk ckxt yknr hr twh8
w JNC@[N@KFNCL 6.1 p>?7 7 Anc yhu tkjj bk wdkrk yhu wkct th sadhhj8
> N5 Mh yhu jilk tdk imkn8 F5 I’b cht ahcvicakm nfhut it. 0 Anc I nsl yhu ig yhu kcehy jknrcic` jncùn`ks8
6 N5 Dhw mhks tdnt shucm8 F5 ]dnt skkbs jilk n rknjjy `hhm imkn.
1 N5 ]dnt’s n phssifijity. F5 I dnvk by mhufts nfhut tdnt. NMEKA]IWKQ ]H MKQAVIFK ICWKC]IHCQ
= N5 I tdicl it dns phtkctinj. F5 It’s hut hg tdk qukstihc.
6
; N5 Pdnt mh yhu tdicl8 F5 I jilk tdk shucm hg it.
> stuccic` 6 murnfjk 1 `rhucmfrknlic` = ﬆibsy ; uciquk
7 N5 I’b cht surk it’jj whrl. F5 It’s n chc-stnrtkr.
7 ajip-hc 0 fihmk`rnmnfjk 4 kmifjk
F[IJMIC@Q
JKNVC ]H @IWK _VNIQK
1N
0N bhsquk, `rkkcdhusk, wicmbijj, fnrc, anvk, sdkm, anstjk, sdkjtkr,
> Nbnzic`! 6 Gnctnstia! 1 Kxakjjkct! = Phcmkrguj! tkbpjk, wnrkdhusk, gnathry, antdkmrnj
; Bnrvkjjhus! 7 Frijjinct! 0 Nwkshbk!
_VKQKC] _KVGKA] QIB_JK NCM AHC]IC[H[Q
6.= AVKN]IWI]Y =N
> ’vk (dnvk) fkkc whrlic` 6 ’vk (dnvk) fkkc wnitic`
1 ’vk (dnvk) ajknckm = ’vk (dnvk) adnc`km ; ’vk (dnvk) fkkc
MWM WIKP jistkcic` 7 ’vk (dnvk) hrmkrkm 0 ’vk (dnvk) fkkc pnictic`
6N 4 ’vk (dnvk) tnlkc
rknmic` fhhls, `hic` th buskubs / tdk tdkntrk, bnlic` shbktdic`
ckw grhb shbktdic` hjm, pjnyic` `nbks witd adijmrkc, mhic` E[M@IC@ NCM KWNJ[N]IC@ IMKNQ
dhuskwhrl, ﬎xic` tdic`s nrhucm tdk dhusk, pjnyic` tdk ùitnr.
;N
F > tdicl 6 shucm 1 surk = whrl ; mhufts 7 phssifijity
Qnbnctdn5 arkntivk ic tdk litadkc, icvkctic` ckw rkaipks 0 wny 4 whcmkrguj
Gjnt bntk5 dncmy pkrshc, frijjinct nt ﬎xic` tdic`s nrhucm tdk dhusk
Adris5 n jittjk fit arkntivk, nrtwhrl tkrrifjk fut jilks th rknm fhhls ns n
arkntivk nat, kcehys `hic` th buskubs ncm jifrnriks
_nuj5 pjnys tdk ùitnr, writks n gkw jyrias, npprkaintks nrt ncm mi﬏krkct
typks hg busia grhb nrhucm tdk whrjm
_ntriain5 _jnys witd dkr shc ncm dns th bnlk up sthriks ncm bnlk ckw
tdic`s hut hg hjm tdic`s
Vusskjj5 nrtistia fut cht `hhm nt nrt
A
>m 6 g 1 f = d ; i 7 n 0 e 4 k 9 a >? `
1
> @kck 6 Vhxncck 1 Qhpdik = Vhxncck ; Vhxncck 7 Qhpdik
=
> busia 6 n rnppkr 1 yhuc` = mirkathrs ; pjny `nbks
7 tdkntrk
;
> @kck 6 _ntriain 1 _nuj = _nuj ; Vhxncck 7 Vhxncck
0 _ntriain 4 Vhxncck 9 Vhxncck >? Vhxncck
6CM
1.> Q[VGIC@ MVKNBQ WHANF[JNVY NMWKVFQ
1VKNMIC@
>F
Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5 Qdk is n hck-nrbkm surgkr. Qdk wns n
;N
ucmhuftkmjy, typianjjy, adkkrgujjy, cknrjy, jitkrnjjy, mkspkrntkjy,
nbnzic`jy, rknjistianjjy, frnvkjy
A
1
a
ahbpktitivk surgkr wdh survivkm n sdnrl nttnal wdkc sdk wns >1 > mkspkrntkjy 6 frnvkjy 1 ucmhuftkmjy = typianjjy
yknrs hjm. N sdnrl nttnalkm dkr wdijk sdk wns sur﬎c` ncm thhl n ; rknjistianjjy 7 jitkrnjjy 0 nbnzic`jy 4 adkkrgujjy
d
fitk hut hg tdk surrhnrm ncm njsh dkr jkW nrb. Njtdhu`d sdk jhst
dkr nrb, sdk ahcticukm th surg ncm wic ahbpktitihcs. 7F
n
typianjjy (1) Hhh
6N frnvkjy (6) Hh
> Qdk bncn`ks th surg ahbpktitivkjy witd eust hck nrb. ]dis is
jj
rknjistianjjy (;) hhHhh
fhtd frnvk ncm pdysianjjy vkry mkbncmic`. Qdk mimc’t njjhw
wdnt dnppkckm th dkr mkstrhy dkr mrknbs ghr tdk guturk. ucmhuftkmjy (=) hHhh
adkkrgujjy (1) Hhh
k
6 Pdkc sdk wns ki`dt.
1 Qdk wns nttnalkm fy n >;-ghht ti`kr sdnrl wdijk sur﬎c`. Qdk nbnzic`jy (=) hHhh
survivkm tdk nttnal fut jhst dkr jkW nrb. jitkrnjjy (1) Hhh
c
= ]dk wntkr wns vkry anjb. mkspkrntkjy (1) Hhh
; Qdk stnykm anjb ncm trikm th pnmmjk thwnrms tdk sdhrk.
`
7 Qdk rkakivkm dkjp grhb dkr grikcms ncm njsh ibbkmintk bkmianj
trkntbkct. w WHANF[JNVYFNCL p>66 H_ICIHC NMWKVFQ
k
0 Yks, sdk is rnclkm nbhc` tdk thp ;? gkbnjk surgkrs ic tdk N >M 6K 1N =G ;F 7A
whrjm. F > nppnrkctjy 6 skrihusjy 1 hfvihusjy = mk﬎citkjy
s
F ; _krshcnjjy 7 Akrtnicjy
> n du`k aducl 6 anbk hut hg tdk fjuk 1 dict hg mnc`kr
= rnclkm ; cubkrhus 7 risic` stnr 0 jhst dkr jigk
4 trn`kmy strual 9 pnmmjk >? mnc`jic` PVI]IC@ N FIH@VN_DY< JKNVC ]H [QK
JICLKVQ
@VNBBNV CNVVN]IWK ]KCQKQ 4
1N > Knrjy jigk 6 Qphrtic` nadikvkbkcts
> pnst sibpjk5 wns fittkc h﬏ (pnst sibpjk pnssivk), fhrc (sdk
wns fhrc), `rkw up, jhvkm, spkct, wns, kctkrkm, wns, ahbpktkm, 9N
wns, strual, wns nttnalkm, thhl, jhst, anbk, dnm, wkrk, snw, gkjt, > Ahcskqukctjy 6 ns n rksujt hg tdis 1 Qicak = Dhwkvkr
mimc’t rknjisk, jhhlkm mhwc, snw, wns, bncn`km, stnrtkm, trikm, ; Mkspitk 7 Ic nmmitihc th tdis 0 gurtdkrbhrk 4 ns wkjj ns
rkakivkm, survivkm, rkakivkm, jhhlkm, wkrk, mkaimkm, wnsc’t
F
`hic` th, wns icspirkm (pnst sibpjk pnssivk)
> ic spitk hg 6 gurtdkrbhrk 1 Ns n rksujt = Njtdhu`d
6 pnst ahcticuhus5 tdk guturk wns jhhlic` fri`dt, wns sur﬎c`, I
; Ahcskqukctjy 7 fkanusk hg
wns (eust licm hg) rhjjic` njhc` … rkjnxic` … mnc`jic`, wns
wiccic`
1 pnst pkrgkat5 wdnt dnm dnppkckm, dnm `hck
F
1.6 _KVQHCNJ ADNJJKC@KQ
> pnst sibpjk 6 pnst ahcticuhus 1 pnst ahcticuhus = pnst
pkrgkat Q_KNLIC@
>F
A > m) 6 n) 1 `) = g) ; f) 7 d) 0 k) 4 a) 9 i)
Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5
> I gkjj h﬏ n jnmmkr.
6 ]dk suc wns sdicic`. / I wns jyic` hc by surrhnrm cht mhic`
@VNBBNV BHMNJQ HG HFJI@N]IHC5
ncytdic` buad. / It wns n dht mny ncm I wns swkntic`. _VKQKC]/_NQ]
1 I wns wnjlic` njhc` tdk fknad, tdiclic` nfhut Eh. 6N
= Pk jhhlkm nt tdk tibk ncm rknjiskm wk dnm bisskm tdk trnic. / Hfji`ntihc _rkskct5 n) bust, a) sdhujm, k) sdhujmc’t,
]dky dnm njrknmy jkW fy tdk tibk wk `ht tdkrk. g) bustc’t, `) dnvk th
_nst5 f) sdhujm dnvk, i) dnm th
w JNC@[N@KFNCL 1.> p>?4‑>?9 Ch hfji`ntihc _rkskct5 m) mhksc’t dnvk th, d) mhc’t dnvk th
_nst5 d) mimc’t dnvk th
N > wns sjkkpic` / wkct 6 wkrk tnjlic` / wnjlkm
1 ahujmc’t knt / dnmc’t fhhlkm = frhlk / wns F
slntkfhnrmic` ; rknjiskm / dnmc’t skkc 7 arnsdkm / > dnvk 6 mimc’t 1 dnvk
dnmc’t snvkm
F > dnppkckm 6 wkrk visitic` 1 wns jivic` / jivkm 1
= mkaimkm ; wnctkm 7 dnmc’t mhck 0 gkjt 4 anjbkm > sdhujm dnvk tnu`dt 6 mhc’t dnvk 1 dnm th = sdhujm
9 kxpjnickm >? trnvkjjkm (hr wkrk trnvkjjic`) ; mimc’t 7 sdhujmc’t 0 dnvk 4 dnm th
>> wns jhhlic` (hr jhhlkm) >6 wns gkkjic` (hr gkjt)
>1 wns kcehyic` / kcehykm >= stnrtkm >; ahujmc’t skk w JNC@[N@KFNCL 6.> p>?7‑>?0
>7 wkrk swibbic` >0 ahujmc’t ﬎cm >4 mkaimkm
>9 rknjiskm 6? dnm tnlkc 6> wkrk jhhlic` / jhhlkm N > dnvk 6 mimc’t 1 dnvk = th ; sdhujm 7 sdhujmc’t
0 dnvk 4 sdhujmc’t 9 th >? dnm >> bust >6 try
F > sdhujmc’t whrl witd 6 mhc’t dnvk th 1 bust rkturc
=N = sdhujm dnvk stumikm ; mimc’t dnvk th 7 sdhujmc’t dnvk
> stru``jkm 6 dnm jkW 1 stnykm = wkrk wnitic` ; ghucm hut shjm
7 dnm dnppkckm 0 mkaimkm 4 wns jivic` 9 fk`nc >? dkjpkm
6CM
=N
> nuxijinry vkrf 6 bnic vkrf
1.1 AHCGJIA] VKQHJ[]IHC
WHANF[JNVY
JIQ]KCIC@
>N
;N > g) 6 m) 1 k) = a) ; `) 7 d) 0 f) 4 n)
> n) 6 f) 1 f)
F
F N4 F7 A6 M0
> Qdk mimc’t jilk tdk licm hg tdic`s tdnt htdkr lims jilkm.
6 th gkkj ahbghrtnfjk ic yhur hwc slic ncm cht try th prktkcm th fk 6N
shbkhck yhu’rk cht rhht whrm
1 ]dk kahchby ahjjnpskm ncm dk jhst dis ehf.
= Nt sadhhj/ucivkrsity, —kvkrytdic` is licm hg hr`nciskm ghr yhu’, fut G[CA]IHC VKQHJWIC@ AHCGJIA]
nWkr tdnt —yhu dnvk th tnlk n jknp icth tdk uclchwc’.
; Qhaikty is njj nfhut fkic` yhuc`. ;N
7 Yhuc` pkhpjk bny tdicl sdk’s eust hjm ncm `rky, n `rncmbn witd _rhfjkb5 Dk is stumyic` ghr nc kxnb (_rhfjkb > ic Kx 1N). ]dkrk is n
chtdic` th h﬏kr. jht hg chisk ahbic` grhb dkr ﬆnt jntk nt ci`dt. Qhjutihc5 sdk wijj pjny
busia quiktjy ghr n wkkl hr twh.
WHANF[JNVY JKTIANJ AD[CLQ5 JIGK
F
ADNJJKC@KQ
>, 1, =, ;, 7
7F
>j 6d 1 n = g ; e 7 k 0 m 4 ` 9 f >? a >> i >6 l 7F
> shbktdic` 6 prhfjkb 1 anc’t = ahujm ; whujm 7 nfhut
0 anc
]I_
A
dnppy hr rkjnxkm anc rkpjnak ahbghrtnfjk
> ]dkrk’s shbktdic` I ckkm th tnjl th yhu nfhut.
n jht anc rkpjnak sh buad 6 ]dk prhfjkb is …
1 ]dk tdic` is …
WHANF[JNVY _J[Q IMIHBQ5 VKJN]IHCQDI_Q = I anc’t … fkanusk hg …
; _krdnps yhu ahujm …
4 7 Pdnt nfhut …8
>a 6m 1n =f 0 Pk anc eust …
9N
Qthry >5 snw kyk th kyk, n sdhujmkr th ary hc, ucmkr tdk tdubf, w JNC@[N@KFNCL 6.> p>?7‑>?0
frhlk by dknrt > nfhut 6 nfhut 1 bnlic` = nfjk ; Pdnt 7 ahujm 0 ig
Qthry 65 jhvk nt ﬎rst si`dt, hck ic n bijjihc, by htdkr dnjg, ìvk bk n 4 tdic`
skahcm adncak
F
n hck ic n bijjihc f ucmkr tdk tdubf a ìvk bk n skahcm adncak
JKNVC ]H QH[CM ]NA]G[J
m n sdhujmkr th ary hc k by htdkr dnjg g frhlk by dknrt ` jhvk nt 0N
﬎rst si`dt d snw kyk th kyk > f) 6 f) 1 f)
w WHANF[JNVYFNCL p>66 IMIHBQ ]I_

>N > `h nrhucm ic airajks 6 fk nt n arhssrhnms 1 bhvk ic tdk ]dk tdic` is … , I’b tdiclic` pkrdnps … , I whcmkr ig yhu ahujm …
snbk airajks = fk fnal th squnrk hck ; `h hur skpnrntk wnys
7 fk nt n mknm kcm 4
F sdnpks5 `h nrhucm ic airajks, bhvk ic tdk snbk airajks, fk fnal th > ]dkrk’s shbktdic` I ckkm th tnjl th yhu nfhut.
squnrk hck rhnms/ehurckys5 fk nt n arhssrhnms, `h hur skpnrntk 6 ]dis is bnlic` it is ibphssifjk th stumy.
wnys, fk nt n mknm kcm ; Pdnt ig wk nrk n`rkk th mh tdis th`ktdkr8
A 6 `hic` nrhucm ic airajks 1 bhvk ic tdk snbk airajks 7 Phujm yhu fk nfjk ghr th hr`ncisk n bkktic`
= `h hur skpnrntk wnys ; nt n arhssrhnms 7 fnal th squnrk hck
>?
> jilk n dhusk hc ﬎rk 6 ajknr tdk nir 1 jhvk nt ﬎rst si`dt
= by htdkr dnjg ; frhlk by dknrt 7 n sdhujmkr th ary
0 skk kyk th kyk 4 hck ic n bijjihc
6CM
1.= HWKV_H_[JN]IHC 1.; JHHLFNAL
MWM _VKWIKP
CNVVN]IWK ]KCQKQ
>F
Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5 _rhfjkbs ahujm icajumk ‑ `kttic` nrhucm, >N
aribk, sncitntihc, jnal hg spnak, hvkrarhwmic`, jnal hg kjkatriaity, > dnppkckm 6 wns trnvkjjic` 1 dnm pjncckm = dnm trnvkjjkm
phvkrty, ruffisd hc tdk strkkts, chisk, phjjutihc, kta. ; wns sdicic` 7 wns jhhlic` 0 wns `hic` 4 thhl 9 nrrivkm
>? dnm njrknmy ﬎cisdkm >> mrncl >6 misnppknrkm
>1 ahcticukm >= wisdkm >; dnm fkkc
MWM WIKP
6N NMWKVFQ
> N dhusk. Mncikjjn is ki`dt bhctds prk`cnct.
6 It njjhws tdkb th `kt grhb hck simk hg tdk gnvkjn th tdk htdkr 6N
knsijy, adknpjy ncm sngkjy. It bkncs tdky anc trnvkj bhrk knsijy th > ucmhuftkmjy 6 ]ypianjjy 1 jitkrnjjy = Vknjistianjjy
whrl, ghr kxnbpjk. ; mkspkrntkjy 7 adkkrgujjy 0 nbnzic`jy 4 frnvkjy
1 ]dk prkskctkr wics tdk rnak. It hcjy tnlks dib n gkw bicutks.
]dk fhys trnvkjjic` hc ghht dnvk th ruc mhwc cnrrhw strkkts ncm JKTIANJ AD[CLQ5 JIGK ADNJJKC@KQ
njjkywnys witd jhts hg stkps.
1
1F > mknj 6 ﬎t 1 chtiak = h﬏kr ; mrknm
ghur ‑ Mncikjjn’s gnbijy dnvk fkkc kxtkcmic` tdk dhusk ghr ghur
`kckrntihcs. G[CA]IHCQ VKQHJWIC@ AHCGJIA]
>.; bijjihc ‑ tdk cubfkr hg pkhpjk jivic` ic Vih’s gnvkjns
;N
1² bicutks ‑ tdk tibk it tnlks th mh tdk ehurcky ic tdk anfjk anr >
$>11 bijjihc ‑ tdk ahst hg tdk prhekat (skkc hc tdk sarkkc) N5 Anc I tnjl th yhu nfhut shbktdic`8
ki`dt bhctds ‑ Mncikjjn is ki`dt bhctds prk`cnct F5 Yks, hg ahursk.
hvkr 0?? ‑ tdk cubfkr hg gnvkjns (sjubs) ic Vih N5 ]dk prhfjkb is yhur ant lkkps ahbic` icth by dhusk.
F5 Hd, rknjjy8! _krdnps yhu ahujm anjj bk tdk ckxt tibk it dnppkcs.
= 6
> arnbbkm 2 pnalkm ti`dtjy icth n sbnjj spnak N5 ]dkrk’s shbktdic` I ckkm th tnjl th yhu nfhut.
6 adnhtia (npprhnad) 2 witdhut n ajknr pjnc hr skcsk hg hrmkr F5 Pdnt is it8
1 arnbpkm 2 ic n spnak tdnt is thh sbnjj ncm ucahbghrtnfjk< N5 Phujm yhu fk nfjk th timy tdk jivic` rhhb8
hvkrarhwmkm 2 witd thh bncy pkhpjk F5 Pdy8
= `kt n jht hg fnm prkss 2 tdk bkmin writk fnm tdic`s nfhut tdkb 1
; n `kcius shjutihc 2 n vkry `hhm imkn N5 I ckkm th tnjl th yhu.
7 n fn﬍ic` jnfyrictd 2 n ahcgusic` bnzk hg strkkts tdnt is mifiaujt th F5 Pdnt’s tdk prhfjkb8
﬎cm yhur wny hut hg N5 It’s nfhut yhur pnrtiks. ]dk tdic` is, I anc’t sjkkp fkanusk hg tdk
0 ti`dtjy pnalkm 2 fuijt ckxt th knad htdkr witd ch spnak ic fktwkkc chisk.
F5 Pdnt nfhut ehicic` us ncm cht whrryic` nfhut sjkkp8
spknlhut N MIQA[QQIHC =
N5 Anc I nsl yhu nfhut shbktdic`8
7N F5 Hg ahursk.
> jhw wn`ks ncm di`d rkcts N5 It’s nfhut tdnt bhcky yhu hwk bk. _krdnps yhu ahujm pny bk
6 Qdk ìvks tdk kxnbpjks hg gnbijiks jivic` ic eust hck rhhb ncm fnal8
npnrtbkcts wdiad dnvk fkkc mivimkm icth sbnjj skatihcs, witd ch F5 Pdnt bhcky8
rhhb th bhvk, ch rhhb ghr phsskssihcs, ch wicmhw.
1 It wns turckm icth n `rkkc pnrl ghr thurists.
= _ut n jibit hc dhw buad jncmjhrms anc adnr`k ghr rkct, hr icarknsk
wn`ks sh pkhpjk anc n﬏hrm shbkwdkrk fkttkr th jivk.
F
> hvkrarhwmic` 6 kxpkcsivk 1 jivk ic = prhfjkb ; jncmjhrms
7 wn`ks 0 tdic`s
writkfnal NC KQQNY
0N
]wh hg tdk issuks5 tkrrifjk jivic` ahcmitihcs ncm phhr pny.
Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4 >?
6CM
=.> KWKVYHCK’Q N QAIKC]IQ] @VNBBNV UKVH, GIVQ] NCM QKAHCM
WHANF[JNVY QAIKCAK
6N
n) mntn >, mntnfnsk =
=N
> n) 6 a)
F
1 f)
AHCMI]IHCNJQ
=
s
f) bhcithr >?, dnfitnt 0 n) wdkc f) wdkc a) ucjkss m) ns shhc ns
a) ﬎cmic`s 4
a
m) snbpjks ;, ncnjysk 9 A
k) kxpkribkcts 6, bknsurk 7 Pdkc I skk yhu, I’jj ìvk yhu tdk bhcky. (]dk spknlkr is akrtnic th
i
g) hr`ncisbs 1 skk tdk jistkckr.)
k
F Ns shhc ns I skk yhu, I’jj ìvk yhu tdk bhcky. (]dk spknlkr wijj ìvk
> k) 6 f) 1 m) = g) ; n) 7 a) tdk bhcky th tdk jistkckr ibbkmintkjy tdky skk tdkb.)
c
Ig I skk yhu, I bi`dt ìvk yhu tdk bhcky. (It’s cht akrtnic tdnt tdk
spknlkr wijj ìvk tdk bhcky th tdk jistkckr.)
w WHANF[JNVYFNCL =.> p>61
N M
a
k
6 [cjkss wk ﬎cm nc ncswkr th `jhfnj wnrbic`, wk nrk ic trhufjk.
`kcktianjjy bhmi﬎km ghhm5 ghhm tdnt dns dnm its `kcktia
1 Pk whc’t `kt kchu`d mntn ucjkss wk bhcithr tdk dnfitnt.
struaturk adnc`km sh tdnt it is cht n﬏katkm fy pnrtiaujnr
misknsk hr icskats
ibbuck5 cht n﬏katkm fy shbktdic` fnm (k.`., ig yhu nrk w JNC@[N@KFNCL =.> p>>?‑>>>
ibbuck th n misknsk, yhu anccht `kt tdk misknsk) N >a 6f 1a =n ;a 7n 0f 4a
ghssij gukjs5 gukjs, k.`. ahnj hr hij, tdnt nrk prhmuakm fy tdk F > whujm 6 shhc 1 whujm = ucjkss ; `kt
`rnmunj mkanyic` hg tdk rkbnics hg ncibnjs hr pjncts hvkr 7 rkahbbkcm
bijjihcs hg yknrs
`jhfnj wnrbic`5 n `kckrnj icarknsk ic whrjm tkbpkrnturks
;
fkanusk hg icarknskm anrfhc mihximk nrhucm tdk Knrtd
> d) zkrh ahcmitihcnj 6 `) ﬎rst ahcmitihcnj 1 n) ﬎rst ahcmitihcnj
rkckwnfjk kckr`y5 kckr`y tdnt rkpjnaks itskjg cnturnjjy, hr anc = k) skahcm ahcmitihcnj ; a) zkrh ahcmitihcnj
fk rkpjnakm knsijy fkanusk tdkrk is n jnr`k suppjy hg it 7 g) skahcm ahcmitihcnj 0 m) zkrh ahcmitihcnj
ajhcic`5 saikcti﬎anjjy rkprhmuaic` nc kxnat ahpy hg nc ncibnj 4 f) zkrh ahcmitihcnj
hr pjnct grhb its akjjs
MCN5 n sufstncak tdnt anrriks `kcktia icghrbntihc ic n akjj 7N
kxticatihc5 wdkc n typk hg ncibnj hr pjnct sthps kxistic` > n) 6 f) 1 n) = f) ; f) 7 n)
kvhjutihc5 tdk `rnmunj mkvkjhpbkct hg pjncts ncm ncibnjs
hvkr n jhc` pkrihm hg tibk PVI]IC@ N _VH_HQNJ< JKNVC ]H [QK _HQI]IWK
ucktdianj5 bhrnjjy ucnaakptnfjk JNC@[N@K
cnchtkadchjh`y5 tdk saikcak hg mkvkjhpic` ncm bnlic` 4N
kxtrkbkjy sbnjj fut phwkrguj bnadicks ]dk `hnjs nrk th mkvkjhp n sbnrt surrhnrm tdnt anc ahjjkat mntn
bnttkr5 tdk bntkrinj tdnt kvkrytdic` ic tdk ucivkrsk is bnmk nfhut tdk k﬏kat hg ajibntk adnc`k hc tdk hakncs, ncm th bnlk
hg tdnt mntn nvnijnfjk th ajibntk saikctists.
F > ajhcic`, (grhb) MCN 6 kxticatihc 1 MCN = ghssij gukjs (Qs bny njsh bkctihc —bnlic` mntn ahjjkatihc knsikr’ ns n `hnj.)
; `kcktianjjy bhmi﬎km ghhm 7 `jhfnj wnrbic` 0 rkckwnfjk
kckr`y 4 kvhjutihc F
> Kxkautivk Qubbnry 6 Fum`kt 1 Hr`ncisntihc icghrbntihc
= @hnjs ncm hfekativks ; Kvnjuntihc aritkrin 7 _rhekat
JIQ]KCIC@ mksariptihc
1N 9
Qaikctists trnic ncm ìvk tnsls th nbntkurs, wdh usk spkainj thhjs > ghrbnj 6 sufdknmic`s 1 wdh, wdnt ncm wdy = usk ; wijj
th bknsurk tdk cnturnj whrjm ncm tdkc rkphrt tdkir ﬎cmic`s th n
akctrnj mntnfnsk. >?F
> `hnj
A 6 wijj njjhw us th ‑ wijj is akrtnic ncm ahcvkys purphsk, njjhw us th
> njj licms hg tdic`s icajumic` tdk wkntdkr, pjncts, ncibnjs, rivkrs is bhrk ghrbnj
ncm ghrksts 1 hfekativk ‑ dhpk su``kst vnùk mksirk< hfekativk is ahcarktk ncm
6 vkry ibphrtnct. —Ig wk mimc’t dnvk aitizkc saikctists whrlic` hc akrtnic, su``ksts tdky dnvk n ajknr imkn hg wdnt tdky wnct
tdksk rksknrad prhekats, wk whujmc’t fk nfjk th mh tdkb.’ = bnlk n vnjunfjk ahctrifutihc th ‑ dkjp is vnùk ncm ibprkaisk<
1 tdkrk’s n wimk vnrikty5 sadhhjadijmrkc ic tdk Qtntks ([QN) vnjunfjk ahctrifutihc is ajknr, ncm su``ksts tdky nrk akrtnic it
hfskrvk tdk sly ncm skcm tdkir hfskrvntihcs th CNQN. Vktirkm wijj fk uskguj ncm si`ci﬎anct
pkhpjk sknrad ghr ghssijs ic mry rivkr fkms ncm nmm tdkir ; mkvkjhp ‑ bnlk is thh `kckria< mkvkjhp su``ksts n systkbntia
﬎cmic`s th n mntnfnsk. _khpjk ic tdk Ahc`h usk sbnrtpdhcks saikcti﬎a prhakss witd n ajknr hutahbk
th ahjjkat mntn nfhut tdk cnturnj dnfitnt 7 imkctigy ‑ jhhl ghr shucms vnùk ncm ucghauskm< imkctigy
= tkadchjh`y pjnys n fi` pnrt, ghr kxnbpjk usic` mntn th bnlk n su``ksts tdky wijj ﬎cm tdkb, ncm it wijj fk n systkbntia prhakss
bhmkj hg tdk rknj whrjm. Bnlic` bhmkjs anc hcjy fk mhck witd witd ajknr aritkrin
tdk ri`dt tkadchjh`y
; yks. It’s nfhut ucmkrstncmic` tdk kcvirhcbkct ncm ﬎cmic` hut
wdnt’s dnppkcic` th tdk cnturnj whrjm ]I_
Yks
Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4 >>
6CM
KMI]IHC IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q NCQPKV LKY =
=.6 QBNV] ]KAD, JNUY FVNIC8 w JNC@[N@KFNCL =.6 p>>?‑>>>
VKNMIC@ N
> It is tdhu`dt tdnt tdk `hvkrcbkct wijj jhsk tdk kjkatihc.
>N 6 It is snim tdnt tnxks nrk `hic` th icarknsk.
Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5 1 N su`nr-dknvy mikt is rkphrtkm th anusk nc icarknskm risl hg
nttkctihc5 tkadchjh`y rkmuaks hur nttkctihc spnc fkanusk hg tdk dknrt misknsk.
ahcstnct mistrnatihcs = It dns fkkc su``kstkm tdnt kntic` mnrl adhahjntk ibprhvks
bkbhry5 hur bkbhriks nrk cht ns `hhm ns tdky uskm th fk fkanusk frnic gucatihc.
wk rkjy hc tkadchjh`y th rkbkbfkr tdic`s (jilk pdhck cubfkrs, ; Qtnyic` pdysianjjy ncm bkctnjjy nativk is ajnibkm th fk n `hhm
gnats, icghrbntihc, kta.)5 tdis is shbktibks anjjkm —miìtnj mkbkctin’. Ic wny th prkvkct bkbhry jhss ns yhu `kt hjmkr.
gnat, hur bkbhry hg kvkcts wk tnlk pdhth`rnpds hg is rkmuakm 7 Bicmgujckss bkmitntihc dns fkkc sdhwc th rkmuak strkss.
bhhm5 dknvy usk hg tkadchjh`y anc n﬏kat hur bhhm, bnlic` us F
mkprksskm. Hcjick ictkrnatihc anusks us th rkjknsk strkss dhrbhcks, > @hic` ghr n ﬎vk-bicutk wnjl is tdhu`dt th fk n `hhm wny th
wdkrkns gnak-th-gnak ictkrnatihc anc bnlk us dnppikr icarknsk yhur kckr`y ic tdk nWkrchhc.
bujti-tnslic`5 mhic` jhts hg mi﬏krkct tdic`s nt tdk snbk tibk (bujti- 6 ]nlic` sdhrt frknls wdkc yhu whrl is ajnibkm th icarknsk yhur
tnslic`) anc rkmuak yhur I^. Bujti-tnslic` wdkc yhu nrk jknrcic` bny prhmuativity.
bknc tdnt tdk jknrcic` is cht ns mkkp 1 Qtumiks dnvk sdhwc tdnt fkic` nrhucm phsitivk pkhpjk dkjps
sjkkp5 tkadchjh`y lkkps us nwnlk. Bncy pkhpjk chw usk tkadchjh`y yhu th gkkj bhrk kckrìskm.
ghr bhrk dhurs n mny tdnc tdky sjkkp. Ji`dt grhb JKM sarkkcs anc = ahrrkat
n﬏kat sjkkp ; Qtumiks su``kst tdnt kxtrkbk pdysianj kxkrtihc hr kbhtihcnj
upskt bny tri``kr dknrt nttnals.
F 7 Ah﬏kk mriclkrs nrk snim th jivk jhc`kr.
> Qhainj bkmin th tnjl th grikcms, @_Q th cnvi`ntk, ictkrckt wdkc wk
wnct th ﬎cm hut icghrbntihc nfhut shbktdic`, cht jknrcic` pdhck 7N
cubfkrs, rhutks hr gnats. > Bhfijk pdhck usk is tdhu`dt th fk icarknsic`.
6 ]dk nrtiajk su``ksts tdnt hur frnics nrk n﬏katkm fy hur usk hg 6 It dns fkkc ajnibkm tdnt pkhpjk nrkc’t `kttic` kchu`d sjkkp.
tkadchjh`y ic vnrihus wnys ‑ hur nfijity th ghaus is rkmuakm, njsh 1 ]hh buad `nbic` is rkphrtkm th anusk nmmiatihc.
hur nfijity th rkbkbfkr tdic`s (tdk tkxt rkgkrs th miìtnj mkbkctin = It dns fkkc sdhwc tdnt tdirtkkc pkrakct hg Nbkriancs mh cht usk
wdkrk n pkrshc’s rkjincak hc tkadchjh`y anusks tdkb th dnvk tdk ictkrckt.
mifiaujty rkbkbfkric` tdic`s). Qtumiks su``kst tdnt tdk frnics hg ; It dns fkkc su``kstkm tdnt tkkcn`krs bny dnvk fkkc rksphcsifjk
pkhpjk wdh nrk nmmiatkm th ahbputkr `nbks natunjjy `kt sbnjjkr. ghr tdk kxpjhsihc.
Njsh tkadchjh`y n﬏kats tdk dhrbhcks wk prhmuak, wdiad n﬏kats 7 It dns fkkc ahc﬎rbkm tdnt hvkrusk hg tdk mkviak anc anusk
hur frnics (strkss dhrbhcks tdnt bnlk us mkprksskm, ncm njsh jkss mkprkssihc.
bkjnthcic sh wk mh cht sjkkp). 0 Nrhucm ﬎vk ducmrkm stumkcts nrk kstibntkm th dnvk nttkcmkm tdk
1 ]dk ahcticuhus fhbfnrmbkct hg tkxts, ncm htdkr tkadchjhìanj kvkct.
mistrnatihcs. 4 It dns fkkc n`rkkm tdnt pnrkcts wijj supkrvisk tdkir adijmrkc.
= _usdic` icghrbntihc wk whujm chrbnjjy sthrk ic hur frnics, fnal
th tkadchjh`y suad ns hur pdhcks, kta. It ahujm fk n prhfjkb ns it
bny bknc tdnt wk ch jhc`kr dnvk tdk nfijity th usk hur frnics ns
WHANF[JNVY _J[Q AHBBHCJY AHCG[QKM
k﬏kativkjy. Hur ah`citivk nfijity is rkmuakm. PHVMQ
; It’s bhrk strkssguj. Gnak-th-gnak ictkrnatihc is prkgkrnfjk ncm bnlks 9N
yhu gkkj fkttkr. > ri`dtjy 6 ahbpjibkct 1 pricaipnj = hpphrtucity ; skcsifjk
7 ]wh wnys ic wdiad tkadchjh`y bnlks us sjkkp jkss nrk fy5 >) thh 7 stntihckry 0 nmviak 4 naakpt 9 pricaipjk >? kahchbianj
buad stibujntihc< 6) tdk fjuk ji`dt sthps tdk frnic grhb prhmuaic`
bkjnthcic, wdiad bnlks us sjkkp.
w WHANF[JNVYFNCL =.6 p>61
6
N
6 —wk’ usunjjy rkgkrs th pkhpjk ic `kckrnj (tdk writkr ncm tdk rknmkr).
Dhwkvkr, it’s nc hvkr`kckrnjisntihc. ]dk nrtiajk rkgkrs th rksknrad rkbkbfkr ‑ dnvk n piaturk hr imkn ic yhur bicm hg pkhpjk, pjnaks
mhck ic tdk [L (6?>; Hgahb survky), wdiad jhhls nt tdk nvkrn`k [L hr kvkcts grhb tdk pnst
nmujt. ]dkrk nrk pjkcty hg pkhpjk ic tdk whrjm (ic tdk [L ncm cht ic rkbicm ‑ th bnlk shbkhck rkbkbfkr shbktdic`
tdk [L) wdh sjkkp bhrk tdnc tdky usk tkadchjh`y. mksskrt ‑ swkkt ghhm skrvkm nWkr tdk bnic pnrt hg n bknj
mkskrt ‑ n jnr`k nrkn hg jncm wdkrk it is njwnys vkry mry, tdkrk nrk
WHANF[JNVY VK_HV]IC@ WKVFQ gkw pjncts ncm tdkrk is n jht hg sncm hr rhals
ehurcky ‑ nc haansihc wdkc yhu trnvkj grhb hck pjnak th nchtdkr,
1N ; 2 gnjsk5 Vksknrad ajnibs tdnt bijjkccinjs dnvk whrsk bkbhriks
kspkainjjy hvkr n jhc` mistncak
tdnc hjmkr pkhpjk, cht fkttkr.
trnvkj ‑ th `h grhb hck pjnak th nchtdkr, hr th skvkrnj pjnaks,
kspkainjjy hcks tdnt nrk gnr nwny
@VNBBNV _NQQIWK VK_HV]IC@ Q]V[A][VKQ guc ‑ nc kxpkrikcak hr nativity tdnt is vkry kcehynfjk hr kxaitic`
= guccy ‑ nbusic`, bnlic` yhu jnu`d
ghrbnj rkakipt ‑ n pikak hg pnpkr tdnt yhu nrk ìvkc wdiad sdhws tdnt yhu
dnvk pnim ghr shbktdic`
;F
rkaipk ‑ n skt hg icstruatihcs ghr ahhlic` n pnrtiaujnr typk hg ghhm
> is tdhu`dt th fk
6 dns fkkc ajnibkm tdnt … (is ajnibkm tdnt is njsh phssifjk) ckrvhus ‑ whrrikm hr gri`dtkckm nfhut shbktdic`, ucnfjk th rkjnx
1 is rkphrtkm th anusk (dns fkkc rkphrtkm th anusk is njsh phssifjk) irritnfjk ‑ `kttic` ncchykm quialjy hr knsijy
= dns fkkc sdhwc tdnt sybpntdktia ‑ anric` nfhut shbkhck’s prhfjkbs
; dns fkkc su``kstkm tdnt (wns su``kstkm tdnt is njsh phssifjk) ciak ‑ grikcmjy, licm ncm phjitk
7 dns fkkc ahc﬎rbkm tdnt F > rkbicm 6 irritnfjk 1 ciak = ehurcky ; guc 7 rkakipt
0 kstibntkm th dnvk 0 mksskrt
4 fkkc n`rkkm tdnt tdk pnrkcts
Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4 >6
6CM
=.1 MKJK]K BK! =.= QAIKCAK JHWKV8
WHANF[JNVY IC]KVCK] PHVMQ/_DVNQKQ MWM _VKWIKP
>F >F
> miìtnj ghhtprict 6 ajial hg n futthc 1 `hh`jk Q5 fihjh`y, adkbistry, kquntihcs, kxpkribkcts, ghrbujns, `khjh`y,
= hcjick sknrad kcìck ; ayfkrfujjyic` 7 phstkm upmntks icvkcthrs, bkmianj nmvncaks, qunctub bkadncias, spnak, spjit tdk
0 kbnij naahuct prh﬎jks 4 shainj bkmin 9 sarkkcsdht >? mkjktk nthb, stric` tdkhry, tdkhry hg rkjntivity
N5 Kc`jisd jit, tdkntrk mirkathr
G[CA]IHC DKM@IC@ QN5 icchvntihc, prnatianj/dncms-hc
6N MWM WIKP
> n) 6 f) 1 n)
6N
F Qnbnctdn, Eujikt, Anitjic, Ntri 2 N< Nctdhcy 2 Q
> _rksubnfjy yhu anc mh tdnt ri`dt8
6 ]dnt bi`dt fk n prhfjkb. F
1 I ùkss yhu anc mkjktk bhst hg tdkb. > Qnbnctdn 6 Nctdhcy 1 Qnbnctdn = Anitjic ; Ntri
= Qh bnyfk n wkfsitk jilk tdis whujm fk uskguj nWkr njj. 7 Anitjic 0 Eujikt
A 1N
jkss mirkat< bhrk phjitk > prnatianjs 6 fnm 1 pdysias = saikcak ; lchw
M F
> ùkss, bi`dt, shbktdic` 6 supphsk 1 eust = licm hg ; eust > prnatianj saikcti﬎a kxpkribkcts ic n jnfhrnthry
7 pnrtiaujnrjy 6 th fk vkry fnm nt it
1 Ch, yhu sthp stumyic` it.
1 = Nc kxnb (chw rkpjnakm fy @AQK kxnbs) wdiad wns tnlkc fy
> I’b cht pnrtiaujnrjy dnppy nfhut tdis. stumkcts ic tdk [L wdkc tdky wkrk nrhucm >7 yknrs hjm.
6 I supphsk wk sdhujm dnvk nslkm dib ﬎rst./Pk sdhujm dnvk nslkm ; Qdk wns ajknric` hut dkr dhusk.
dib ﬎rst, I supphsk.
1 Pk bny dnvk n prhfjkb. =N
= It’s cht rknjjy by gnvhuritk. Qtkpdkc Dnwlic` 2 tdkhrktianj saikctist
; I eust tdhu`dt yhu sdhujm lchw. Njfkrt Kicstkic 2 tdkhrktianj saikctist/icvkctkm tdk tdkhry hg rkjntivity
7 Pk ahujm fuy dkr shbk ﬆhwkrs hr shbktdic`. Krckst Vutdkrghrm 2 spjit tdk nthb
Ncthcik vnc Jkkuwkcdhkl 2 shbktdic` th mh witd fjhhm
w JNC@[N@KFNCL =.1 p>>?‑>>> Bnx _jncal 2 stric` tdkhry hg bujtipjk rknjitiks/tdkhry hg qunctub
> Pk bi`dt visit tdk buskub jntkr. bkadncias
6 Dk prksubnfjy lchws wdkrk th ﬎cm us./_rksubnfjy dk lchws ;N
wdkrk th ﬎cm us. Bkctihckm5 pjncks, trnics, anrs, bkmianj nmvncaks, pdhck / tkjkpdhck,
1 I ùkss tdnt whujm fk n `hhm imkn./]dnt whujm fk n `hhm imkn, jnpthp, i_nm
I ùkss.
= I’b cht pnrtiaujnrjy lkkc hc dnbfur`krs.
Cht bkctihckm5 nctifihtias, fiayajks, biarhsahpks
; It’s n licm hg pnstry. A
7 I ùkss wk ahujm `kt n tnlk-nwny hr shbktdic`./Pk ahujm `kt n n) 1 f) > a) 7 m) = k) ; g) 6 `) 0
tnlk-nwny hr shbktdic`, I ùkss.
spknlhut gnbhus saikctists
JKNVC ]H [QK DKQI]N]IHC MKWIAKQ
7F
= Qnbpjk Ncswkr
]dk bkncic` mhksc’t adnc`k. ]dk ucmkrjickm jncùn`k is uskm th ﬎jj
tibk ncm njjhw tdk spknlkr th tdicl. (]dksk whrms/pdrnsks nrk lchwc Cnbk Pdkrk ncm Pdnt Htdkr ictkrkstic`
wdkc wns tdk saikcti﬎a gnats / icghrbntihc
ns dksitntihc mkviaks.) saikctist fhrc8 whrl nrk tdky
gnbhus ghr8
;F
> m) 6 n) 1 g) = a) ; f) 7 k) Ncthcik vnc MkjW, Mutad Mkvkjhpbkct Qnw dis ﬎rst sibpjk
Jkkuwkcdhkl rkpufjia, 6= hg tdk biarhsahpk wdijk
7 Hathfkr >71> biarhsahpk whrlic` ns n
Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5 ajhtd bkradnct ic
Nbstkrmnb. Dnm ch
> [bb, wkjj I kcehy pjnyic` squnsd. ghrtuck hr di`dkr
6 I ùkss it whujm dnvk th fk Bnrih’s pizzn rkstnurnct hc Cknj Qtrkkt. kmuantihc ncm dis
1 [bb … tdk tdic` is … I rknjjy dnvk ch imkn. gntdkr wns n fnslkt
= Jkt bk skk … wkjj … I’b dhpic` th skk dkr hc Qucmny. bnlkr. HWkc lchwc
; [bb … dhjm hc …krb, cht n jht rknjjy. Yhu skk, I stnykm nt dhbk ns tdk —Gntdkr hg
bhst hg tdk tibk. Biarhfihjh`y’
7 Pkjj, tdk tdic` is I dnvkc’t natunjjy mkaimkm tdnt ykt. Qtkpdkc Hxghrm, Dhw tdk whrjm Pnctkm th stumy
Dnwlic` Kc`jncm 4 fk`nc, fnsia Bntds fut tdk ahjjk`k
Encunry >9=6 jnws hg tdk dk wnctkm th `h
ucivkrsk ncm th mimc’t h﬏kr tdnt
cnturk hg ahursk sh dk stumikm
fjnal dhjks. _dysias icstknm.
Qu﬏krkm witd NJQ
bhthr ckurhck
misknsk. Pnctkm th
trnvkj icth spnak.
6CM
Cnbk Pdkrk ncm Pdnt
wdkc wns tdk saikcti﬎a
Htdkr ictkrkstic`
gnats / icghrbntihc
=.; JHHLFNAL
saikctist fhrc8 whrl nrk tdky
gnbhus ghr8 QAIKCAK
Krckst Ckw Uknjncm, Cuajknr Chfkj prizk ghr >N
Vutdkrghrm 1? Nuùst >40> pdysias, adkbistry. Muric` > dnfitnts 6 kxpkribkcts 1 bhcithrkm = ncnjyskm
spjittic` tdk PP> dk whrlkm hc n ; hr`ncisbs 7 bknsurkm
nthb, skarkt prhekat th dkjp
sufbnricks nvhim A
mktkatihc.
> f) 6 m) 1 g) = a) ; n) 7 k)
Njfkrt @krbncy, >= ]dkhry hg Chfkj prizk ghr
Kicstkic Bnrad >409 rkjntivity pdysias. Gnbijy
bhvkm th Itnjy, fut UKVH, GIVQ] NCM QKAHCM AHCMI]IHCNJQ
Kicstkic stnykm
ic @krbncy ghr 6N
dis stumiks. HWkc _hssifjk ncswkrs5
rkakivkm phhr `rnmks Ig I dnm tdk adncak th trnvkj, I’m `h th Nustrnjin.
nt sadhhj ncm dnm Ig by anr frknls mhwc, I’jj tnlk n tnxi.
n tkcmkcay th rkfkj
n`nicst nutdhrity.
Ig I `h th n rkstnurnct thmny, I whc’t knt bknt.
Ig I mhc’t `h th fkm knrjy thci`dt, I’jj gkkj tirkm thbhrrhw.
writkfnal n sdhrt fih`rnpdy Ig I jknrct n ckw icstrubkct, it whujm fk tdk vihjic.
Ig mhc’t mh by dhbkwhrl, by tknadkr wijj `kt nc`ry.
0N
]dk bnic ghaus hg tdk nrtiajk is th di`dji`dt tdk nadikvkbkcts hg _NQQIWK VK_HV]IC@ Q]V[A][VKQ
gkbnjk saikctists.
1N
> dnvk 6 tdnt 1 rkphrtkm = is ; fkkc 7 th 0 It 4 fk
VK_HV]IC@ WKVFQ
=
> ajnibkm 6 su``ksts 1 ahc﬎rbkm = fkjikvk ; rkphrtkm
7 sdhwc
DKM@IC@
;N
>a 6n 1m =k ;f
Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4 >=
6CM
;.> EH[VCKYQ PVI]IC@ N QDHV] FHHL VKWIKP< JKNVC ]H
WHANF[JNVY CN][VK
>N
rnicghrkst, anchpy, vk`ktntihc, arknturk, pnrnsitk, ﬆnsd ﬆhhm nrk
4F
wdkrk th fuy tdk fhhl
9
HGGKV _VNIQK NCM AVI]IAIQB
;
k
ic tdk pdhths ]dk fhhl is nfhut n ]urlisd whbnc ncm dkr pnst, wdiad
vkchbhus scnlks 2 phishchus scnlks icajumks tibk ns n stumkct ic Hxghrm, [L. ]dk rkvikwkr tdicls it’s
x
trhpianj misknsks 2 ijjckssks grhb tdk dhttkst pnrts hg tdk whrjm ahbpkjjic` ncm hriìcnj ncm whujm rkahbbkcm it.
p
>?
w WHANF[JNVYFNCL ;.> p>6= yks
N > rkptijk 6 prky (mkkr), prkmnthr (jihc) 1 bnbbnj
jh
= kcmnc`krkm spkaiks ; kahsystkb 7 ghhm adnic
F Ncswkrs5 skk Ahbbuciantihc Fncl p>11 >>N
phwkrguj, ahbpkjjic`, hriìcnj
r
F
VKNMIC@
k
_rnisk5 it’s … wkjj-writtkc, adnrbic`, pkrsunsivk, bhvic`
1N Aritiaisb5 it’s … thh sjhw, ucahcvicaic`, mifiaujt th ghjjhw, mujj
> ]dk ruics hg nc ncaikct aivijisntihc nrk dimmkc ucmkr tdk
rnicghrkst ‑ tdk ruics nrk anjjkm tdk Jhst Aity hg tdk Bhclky ]I_
@hm.
6 ]h ﬎cm tdk Jhst Aity hg tdk Bhclky @hm. Dk nadikvks dis `hnj. whrjm-gnbhus5 lchwc njj hvkr tdk whrjm. Anc fk uskm ghr ncytdic`.
1 ]dk kxpjhrkrs wdh jhhlkm ghr tdk aity, nc nradnkhjh`y prhgksshr, gnst-pnakm5 bhvic` quialjy. Anc fk uskm ghr fhhls ncm sthriks.
n ghuj-bhutdkm Nbkrianc, ncm shbk Fritisd shjmikrs. sjhw-bhvic`5 tnlks n jhc` tibk th ghr natihc th stnrt. Anc fk uskm
= Pdktdkr th rkbhvk tdkb grhb tdk sitk. ghr fhhls ncm sthriks.
; Jkisdbncinsis, n trhpianj misknsk. fnmjy-mrnwc5 cht wkjj mksarifkm. Anc fk uskm ghr adnrnatkrs.
7 Dk rkturcs th tdk euc`jk kvkc nWkr fkic` icgkatkm fy tdk
wkjj-rksknradkm5 stumikm anrkgujjy. Anc fk uskm ghr fhhls ncm
pnrnsitk.
sthriks.
hjm-gnsdihckm5 cht bhmkrc. Anc fk uskm th mksarifk ncytdic`.
@VNBBNV ^[NC]IGIKVQ
]dk ahbphucm nmekativks ic Kx 6F nrk rknj-jigk, ghuj-bhutdkm,
=N Dnwniinc-sdirt-wknric`
>] 6G 1 G = ] ; ] 7 G 0 ] 4 G 9 ] >? ML >> ML
>6 G
F ;.6 BY []H_IN
Chucs5 > fhhls 6 kxpjhrkrs 1 tibk = adnrnatkrs ; arknturks
7 shjmikrs 0 pkhpjk 4 icghrbntihc 9 tibks >? trhufjk WHANF[JNVY ]Y_KQ HG _KH_JK
>> bhcky >6 icghrbntihc
>N
> Ahuctnfjk5 bncy, skvkrnj, n jnr`k cubfkr hg, n gkw, gkw, n ahupjk hg
> fhhl whrb 6 tkjjy nmmiat 1 ahbputkr ckrm = ckws euclik
[cahuctnfjk5 n jittjk, n `rknt mknj hg, nbhuct hg, thh buad
; ﬎jb fu﬏ 7 busia gnc 0 rkfkjjihus tkkcn`kr
Fhtd5 kchu`d, jhts hg
6 Qbnjj cubfkrs5 skvkrnj, n gkw, gkw, n jittjk, n ahupjk hg F
Jnr`k cubfkrs5 bncy, jhts hg, n jnr`k cubfkr hg, n `rknt mknj C5 fhhl jhvkr/whrb, sphrts gnc/kctdusinst, ﬎jb fu﬏, busia gnc,
hg, thh buad rkfkjjihus tkkcn`kr
1 Gkw bkncs cht bncy hr njbhst chck. It is uskm wdkc wk wnct I5 ahuad phtnth (!), tkjjy nmmiat, tkadik, ahbputkr ckrm (!), ckws
th shucm ck`ntivk, ns it kbpdnsisks tdk gnat tdnt it’s n vkry euclik, fknad fub (!)
sbnjj cubfkr. N gkw is uskm wdkc wk wnct th shucm bhrk
phsitivk. It bkncs bhrk tdnc hck hr twh.
w WHANF[JNVYFNCL ;.6 p>6=
;N
hg is prhchucakm /əv/ ic ahcckatkm spkkad. N > fnm-tkbpkrkm 6 adnrbic` 1 ncxihus = mkpkcmnfjk
; fhssy 7 upfknt 0 fi`-dknmkm 4 nbfitihus
7 9 shainfjk >? ibpujsivk
> cubfkr 6 mknj 1 kchu`d = buad ; skvkrnj 7 Gkw F > fi`-dknmkm 6 upfknt 1 ibpujsivk = adnrbic`
0 ahupjk hg 4 bncy ; mkpkcmnfjk 7 nbfitihus 0 fhssy 4 shainfjk
w JNC@[N@KFNCL ;.> p>>6‑>>1

JIQ]KCIC@
N > mknj 6 hg 1 pjkcty = kchu`d ; gkw 7 bncy
0 buad 4 jhnms 9 skvkrnj >? cubfkr >> hg >6 fit 6N
F > Qkvkrnj hg by 6 ahrrkat 1 n jnr`k cubfkr hg vkchbhus _hssifjk ncswkrs5 (JkW th ri`dt) ghhmik isjncm, tkkcn`kr isjncm,
scnlks = ahrrkat ; ahrrkat 7 nc kchrbhus nbhuct hg fhhl jhvkr’s isjncm, `nm`kt isjncm
tibk
Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4 >;
6CM
KMI]IHC IC]KVBKMIN]K _J[Q NCQPKV LKY ;
F 1N
Qpknlkr Isjncm Pdnt pkhpjk mh Pdnt is cht njjhwkm >] 6G 1G =] ;G 7] 0] 4G
tdkrk
> Fhhl Qpkcm tdkir mnys Ch tkjkvisihc, @VNBBNV 7IC@ GHVB NCM ICGICI]IWK
jhvkr’s jyic` nrhucm ic ch ΩLicmjks =N
isjncm dnbbhals rknmic` hr k-rknmkrs, > spkcmic` 6 prkpnric`, kntic` 1 th spkcm, jyic` = wnitic`
fhhls. Qhbktibks ch k-fhhls, ch ; kntic` 7 th spkcm, jistkcic`, adijjic` 0 wntadic`, rknmic`
pkhpjk wntad tdk ahbputkrs hr 4 dnvic`
﬎jb hg n fhhl. Ic ahbputkr `nbks
tdk kvkcic`s tdkrk F
nrk phktry rknmic`s/ > I gncay spkcmic` tibk hc …/Ibnìck ckvkr dnvic` n prhfjkb …
misaussihc `rhups. 6 I’b cht vkry lkkc hc kntic` …/I’m jhhl ghrwnrm th rknmic` …
]dkbkm kvkcic`s 1 Mhic` chtdic`/jyic` nrhucm njj mny/dnvic` n prhfjkb …
wdkrk yhu knt ghhm = I tdicl I ahujm bncn`k th spkcm …
rkjntkm th tdk skttic` ; … ncm yhu dnvk th tnlk it shbkwdkrk th `kt it ﬎xkm.
hg tdk fhhl. Nttkcm
tdk Jitkrnry gkstivnj A
th jistkc th nutdhrs > kxpkatkm 6 tkcm 1 cht = ahujm ; prhbiskm 7 mhc’t
tnjlic` nfhut tdkir
fhhls, ncm dnvk tdk
hpphrtucity th nsl
w JNC@[N@KFNCL ;.6 p>>6
tdkb qukstihcs. N > `hic` 6 jistkcic` 1 turcic` = th ncswkr ; Kntic`
6 @nm`kt _jny nrhucm ncm Ch tkadchjh`y 7 th `kt up 0 jivic` 4 th stumy
isjncm kxpkribkct witd whujm kvkr frknl F > fkic` 6 th bkkt 1 th visit = jistkcic` ; th bnlk
ckw `nm`kts. Jivk ic mhwc ‑ kvkrytdic` 7 ﬆyic`
sbnrt dhusks wdkrk whujm njwnys whrl,
yhu —tdicl’ nfhut ch tkjkpdhck anjj
;N
shbktdic` ncm it akctrks > th `h 6 jistkcic`, mncaic` 1 dnvic` = Qur﬎c` ; ruccic`
dnppkcs ghr yhu 7 skkic` 0 th swib 4 th try
(k.`. rhfhts ahhlic`
tdk ghhm). Pi-Gi 7
kvkrywdkrk. Phrl ic Qu``kstkm ncswkr5
di-tkad, guc hfi aks. Vkfkjjihus tkkcn`krs tkcm th hcjy tdicl nfhut tdkbskjvks. ]dky kcehy
1 ]kkcn`k ]kkcn`krs dnc` hut, Ch nmujts, ch cht mhic` wdnt tdky’vk fkkc nslkm th mh. ]dky’rk cht vkry lkkc hc
uthpin spkcm tibk mhic` dnssjic`, ch sadhhj, rujks ncm rkùjntihcs. ]dky mhc’t bicm cht dnvic` ncytdic` th mh.
wdntkvkr tdky wnct ch tknadkrs, ch
(cht kxpkatkm th mh kxnbs
ncytdic`), pjnyic` hc
WHANF[JNVY _J[Q GHVBNJ WQ ICGHVBNJ
ahbputkr `nbks hr VK@IQ]KV
pdhcks. _khpjk `kt 4N
up jntk, knt wdntkvkr > g) 6 d) 1 `) = f) ; i) 7 n) 0 m) 4 a) 9 k) >? e)
tdky wnct, wdkc
tdky wnct, jistkc th F
busia, rkgusk th `h > adijj 6 (fk) dnalkm h﬏ 1 sjhfs = jhnmkm ; vk` hut 7 ﬎t
th sadhhj, jknrc th mh
tdic`s fy tdkbskjvks A
hr tknad knad htdkr. > jhnmkm (nme) 6 `h-`kttkr (c) 1 dnssjk (c) = try-dnrm (c)
Qpkcm tibk adijjic` ; dnalkm h﬏ (nme) 7 ﬎t (nme) 0 adijj (v) 4 adntty (nme) 9 sjhfs (c)
hut witd bntks, hr >? vk` hut (v)
prnatisic` sur﬎c` hr
htdkr fknad sphrts. 9N
Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5
= Ghhmik Ahhlic`/kntic`/ Njj ghhm prkpnrkm
> ]dky nrk n fucad hg tkkcn`k sjhfs.
isjncm bnlic` frknm. grhb sarntad. Ch
6 ]dk tnxi mrivkr wns rknjjy adntty.
Wisitic` mi﬏krkct prk-prkpnrkm ghhm hr
1 I’m rntdkr stny nt dhbk ncm vk` hut/adijj.
nrkns hg tdk isjncm gnst ghhm
= I’b rknjjy dnalkm h﬏.
tdnt spkainjisk ic
; Qdk’s n rknj `h-`kttkr.
mi﬏krkct ghhms.
7 I wisd sdk whujm eust adijj.
]ryic` mi﬏krkct
typks hg ghhm. F
Kvkryhck whujm fk Kxnbpjk ncswkr5
icvhjvkm ic `rhwic` Bub5 Pdy dnvkc’t yhu put nwny yhur ajhtdks8
tdk ghhm, prkpnric` ]kkcn`kr5 It’s n dnssjk. I’jj mh it jntkr.
it ncm kntic` it. Bub5 ]dnt’s cht `hhm kchu`d. Pdy nrk yhu suad n sjhf8
]kkcn`kr5 Jhhl, it’s ﬎ck. Eust adijj.
6CM
;.1 BY _KVGKA] AH[C]VY ;N
> I’b cht ahcvicakm shjnr phwkr
6 Ns I skk it, wk ckkm
WHANF[JNVY QHAIK]Y 1 Ig yhu nsl bk,
6N = Ic by hpicihc, uckbpjhybkct
dknjtdanrk (rkmuak sbhlic`), dhusic`, adijm phvkrty, bkmin ; I’b nfshjutkjy ahcvicakm tdnt
bncipujntihc, vihjkct aribk 7 It skkbs th bk tdnt
G[CA]IHC KT_VKQQIC@ YH[V H_ICIHC JKNVC ]H KT_VKQQ MH[F]/^[KQ]IHC NC

H_ICIHC
1N 7N
_hssifjk ncswkrs5 dhusic`< vihjkct aribk hr tkrrhrist tdrknts< > tdicl 6 ig 1 truk = surk ; ahcsimkr 7 gnir
grkkmhb hg spkkad ncm/hr ìvic` pkhpjk naakss th miìtnj skrviaks
F
Fkrbumn Njj tdk rhhgs ic Fkrbumn nrk mksi`ckm th ahjjkat ncm ;.= ANVIFFKNC
purigy rnicwntkr. Knad gnbijy rksphcsifjk ghr its hwc
ajknc wntkr, sh pkhpjk nrk vkry anrkguj nfhut dhw buad MWM _VKWIKP
wntkr tdky usk. Ahujm fk nmnptkm th htdkr ahuctriks8
>N
Enpnc ]knad phjiakbkc th usk bnrtinj nrts wdkc mknjic` witd > Enbnian 6 Fnrfnmhs 1 Dniti = Aufn
vihjkct aribicnjs, rntdkr tdnc usic` tdkir wknphc. Pdkc
ahcgrhctkm witd n vihjkct aribicnj tdk phjiak wrnp tdkb F
ic n bnttrkss ncm tnlk tdkb th tdk phjiak stntihc th Qu``kstkm ncswkr5 ictkrkstic` disthrianj sitks
anjb mhwc.
Ksthcin Miìtnj rkvhjutihc. Pdkc it skpnrntkm grhb Vussin tdk MWM WIKP
`hvkrcbkct mkaimkm Ksthcin sdhujm fk n pihckkr ic
miìtnj skrviaks. 6N
Gnst frhnmfncm spkkms, miìtnj vhtic` ic tdk kjkatihcs, _hssifjk ncswkrs5 _khpjk dnvk nc ucgnirjy ck`ntivk vikw hg Dniti,
bkmianj rkahrms, anr pnrlic` ﬎cks pnim hcjick, fut tdk rknjity is cht ns fnm ns it dns fkkc phrtrnykm. Ic rknjity it dns
nc —kxtrnhrmicnry disthry’ hg sjnvkry ncm tdk stru``jk ghr grkkmhb ncm
=N stuccic` disthrianj sitks.
> `hhm imkn 6 ahcvicakm 1 skk = npprhnad ; hpicihc 7 bk
A
F > f) 6 n) 1 f) = f) ; n) 7 f)
Pkjj, ig yhu nsl bk, …
1N
_krshcnjjy, I’b ahcvicakm / _krshcnjjy, I’b cht ahcvicakm … kxhtia isjncm hg Dispncihjn, jhc`-su﬏kric` Dniti, gkrtijk ajibntk,
Ns I skk it, … / ]dk wny I skk it, … kxtrnhrmicnry tnjk hg stru``jk
It skkbs th bk tdnt … nsthcisdic` pjnak, ck`ntivk vikw hg tdk ahuctry, ahjhssnj struaturk,
I’b nfshjutkjy ahcvicakm tdnt sturmy ns tdk bhuctnic itskjg, frkntdtnlic` (tdk) vikw
I gkkj tdnt …
I tdicl (tdnt) … F
> nsthcisdic` 6 gkrtijk 1 ck`ntivk = sturmy ; jhc`-su﬏kric`
Ic by hpicihc, …
7 kxhtia 0 frkntdtnlic` 4 ahjhssnj 9 kxtrnhrmicnry
M
Qkk numihsaript fkjhw. spknlhut jhhlic` fkyhcm stkrkhtypks
[cit ; Vkahrmic` ; ;
Pkjj, ig yhu nsl bk, … Dimmkc Qthriks mhaubkctnriks jhhl nt tdk rknj sthriks, trnmitihcs,
_krshcnjjy, I’b ahcvicakm / _krshcnjjy, I’b cht ahcvicakm … jittjk-lchwc cki`dfhurdhhms, ncm skarkts hg thwcs ncm aitiks, fkyhcm
Ns I skk it, … / ]dk wny I skk it, … stkrkhtypks wdiad tdk wimkr pufjia fkjikvk.
It skkbs th bk tdnt …
7N
I’b nfshjutkjy ahcvicakm tdnt
Ibn`k thmny5 nc icmustrinj thwc (it bnmk anrs) tdnt ahjjnpskm fkanusk
I dnvk tdk gkkjic` tdnt … / I gkkj tdnt …
hg tdk kahchby ncm adknpkr anrs grhb Enpnc ncm Kurhpk< n frhlkc
Yhu anc tnlk it grhb bk tdnt …
thwc witd kbpty fuijmic`s, ch ehfs, ncm n jht hg aribk< n ]dirm Phrjm
I tdicl tdnt… / I mhc’t tdicl tdnt …
aity ic tdk bimmjk hg Nbkrian.
Ic by hpicihc, …
Jkss wkjj-lchwc simk5 it’s n busia thwc ncm njwnys dns fkkc5 enzz,
`hspkj, rhal c rhjj, rnp, dip-dhp, tkadch. It prhmuakm shbk hg tdk
fi``kst cnbks ic busia, pnrtiaujnrjy Ngrianc Nbkrianc sic`krs. ]dk
w JNC@[N@KFNCL ;.1 p>>1 busia sakck is stijj njivk.
N5 Yhu anc tnlk it grhb bk F
F5 _krshcnjjy, I’b cht ahcvicakm. …]dk wny I skk it n pkrgkat Njj hg tdk pdrnsks nrk uskm kxakpt ]dk stkrkhtypk hg \pjnakR is tdnt
aity … it’s …, _khpjk nsshaintk by aity witd … , ncm ]dk bhst ictkrkstic` tdic`
N5 … It skkbs th bk tdnt ig yhu’rk jhhlic` ghr n `hhm ehf, … fut ic nfhut \pjnakR is …
by hpicihc tdk ahst hg jivic` is jhwkr thh. I tdicl tdnt yhu anc
jivk n prktty `hhm jigk …
F5 Pkjj, ig yhu nsl bk, it’s n rknjjy strkssguj aity. … I gkkj tdnt is thh
bncy pkhpjk ghr hck pjnak. It’s eust thh fusy! I’b nfshjutkjy
ahcvicakm tdnt tdkrk nrk buad fkttkr pjnaks th jivk.
N5 I dnvk tdk gkkjic` I’b cht `hic` th fk nfjk th ahcvicak yhu …
6CM
;.; JHHLFNAL 7IC@ GHVB NCM ICGICI]IWK
=N
CN][VK > th spkcm 6 fkic` 1 wntadic` = th anjj ; wnitic`
7 th pny 0 th nrùk
>N
> rnicghrkst 6 anchpy 1 vk`ktntihc = arknturks ; vkchbhus scnlks
7 pnrnsitks 0 trhpianj misknsks 4 ﬆnsd ﬆhhms KT_VKQQIC@ YH[V H_ICIHC
;N
^[NC]IGIKVQ > ahcvicakm 6 bk 1 gkkjic` = skk ; hpicihc 7 nfshjutkjy
0 tdicl 4 skkbs
6N
> a) 6 n) 1 a) = f) ; a) 7 f) 0 n) 4 a)
]Y_KQ HG _KH_JK
1N
> fhhlwhrb 6 fub 1 nmmiat = ghhmik ; tkadik 7 tkkcn`kr
0 kctdusinst
6CM
7.> @HHM HV FNM8

7
F
> fri`dt ncm knrjy 6 hc ncm hc 1 gnir ncm squnrk
= Qial ncm tirkm ; dustjk ncm fustjk 7 rhucm ncm rhucm
VKNMIC@ 0 n`nic ncm n`nic 4 ìvk ncm tnlk 9 wick ncm mick
6N >? ups ncm mhwcs
@hhm
`
Fkic` licm ncm `kckrhus
Mivic` icth tdk pntds hg anrs th snvk adijmrkc grhb fkic` ruc hvkr 7.6 LICM MKKMQ
h
Mivic` icth iay wntkr th snvk n fnfy grhb mrhwcic`
@ivic` bhcky/tibk th n `hhm anusk JIQ]KCIC@
h
Dkjpic` n strnc`kr 6F
(Mhic` njtruistia nats) > Fruch dnm tnlkc hut n jht hg bhcky ghr n trip th Kurhpk.
m
Fnm 6 Dis skvkc-yknr-hjm ckpdkw.
Cht sdnric` thys nt curskry 1 Ic tdk rkayajic` akctrk.
c
Cht mhic` tdk wnsdic` up = `nrfn`k shrtkr
Cht anric` nfhut htdkr pkhpjk hr tdkir hpicihcs ; Dk rkturckm it.
7 N gnbhus rnp sic`kr.
k
A 0 Nslkm dis grikcms ghr mhcntihcs.
Qtumkct N 4 Fruch h﬏krkm Eháh n ehf, witd mhufjk tdk snjnry dk bnmk ns n
s
> It’s `hhm ghr yhur dknjtd ncm bhhm, ncm dkjps yhu jivk jhc`kr. `nrfn`k shrtkr.
6 It wns tryic` th skk ig fkic` licm kcahurn`ks htdkrs th njsh fk
s
licm. WHANF[JNVY BHCKY
1 Dk fhu`dt ghhm ncm mricls ghr shbk dhbkjkss pkhpjk.
=N
Qtumkct F > snjnry 6 phvkrty 1 rkwnrm = mhcntihcs
> It anc sthp us grhb mhic` akrtnic tdic`s.
6 Qkjg-akctrkm hr nctishainj pkhpjk. A
1 Yhu bi`dt bnlk fkttkr mkaisihcs, `kt bhrk tdic`s mhck, knrc > wknjtd 6 mkft 1 icahbk = snvic`s ; n﬏hrm 7 gucm
bhrk bhcky ncm fk bhrk suaakssguj. 0 aurrkcay
1F
> `kcuick 6 njtruistia 1 nfncmhc = skj﬎sd ; ahcvicakm ]I_
7 spkatnaujnr d ic adnrnatkr, c ic `hvkrcbkct, d ic dhckst, k ic dknrt
@VNBBNV BHMNJQ HG MKM[A]IHC

w WHANF[JNVYFNCL 7.6 p>6;
=N
> bust 6 anc’t 1 bny = sdhujmc’t ; whc’t 7 ahujm > n) fnclrupt f) naahuctnct
6 n) sdnrks f) icvksthr
F 1 n) rkakssihc f) kahchby
> rknjjy akrtnic 6 rknjjy akrtnic 1 phssifjk = vkry jilkjy = n) tnx f) icﬆntihc
; vkry jilkjy
;F @VNBBNV ]DIVM NCM BITKM AHCMI]IHCNJQ

> bust fk 6 whc’t fk 1 ahujm fk = bny cht ; sdhujmc’t fk
7 anc’t fk ;N
> dnmc’t fkkc, whujm dnvk lkpt
6 ’m lkpt, whujm dnvk lchwc
w JNC@[N@KFNCL 7.> p>>= 1 dnm lchwc, whujmc’t dnvk fkkc
= dnmc’t fkkc, whujmc’t dnvk ahjjkatkm
N > whc’t 6 bi`dt 1 bust = anc’t ; whc’t fk 7 sdhujm
; dnmc’t rkturckm, whujm fk
0 bust 4 bust
n) pnst5 >, 6, 1, =< pnst ncm prkskct5 ;
F f) pnst pkrgkat
> ]dky anc’t fk dkrk njrknmy. a) pnst pnrtiaipjk
6 Yhu bi`dt fk bnlic` n bistnlk. m) whujm + ic﬎citivk icstknm hg whujm dnvk + pnst pnrtiaipjk
1 I’jj fk rkjikvkm wdkc wk `kt tdkrk. th icmiantk nc ibnìcnry situntihc rkgkrric` th tdk prkskct,
= Yhu bust fk arnzy! cht tdk pnst (bixkm ahcmitihcnjs nrk wdkrk tdk situntihc
; ]dkrk sdhujm fk kchu`d tibk th ahjjkat tdk tialkts. rkgkrrkm th is ic tdk prkskct)
7 ]dnt anc’t fk tdk fkst wny th dkjp tdkb.
0 ]dk sdhppic` bnjj wijj fk hpkc uctij cick. F
> Ig dk’m kntkc dis ghhm, dk whujmc’t dnvk fkkc duc`ry. (tdirm
ahcmitihcnj)
WHANF[JNVY KT]VKBK NMEKA]IWKQ Ig dk’m kntkc dis ghhm, dk whujmc’t fk duc`ry. (bixkm
0N ahcmitihcnj)
> g) 6 m) 1 d) = `) ; k) 7 k) 0 a) 4 n) 6 Ig yhu’m prnatiskm tdk pinch bhrk, yhu’m dnvk fkkc n
prhgkssihcnj.
A Ig yhu’m prnatiskm tdk pinch bhrk, yhu’m fk n prhgkssihcnj.
> ncaikct 6 ﬎jtdy 1 pnalkm = tkrrigyic` ; nsthcisdkm 1 Ig dk dnmc’t bkt Eunc, dk whujmc’t dnvk fkkc sh dnppy.
7 stnrvic` 0 sphtjkss 4 dimkhus fy spknlic` ic nc kxn``krntkm Ig dk dnmc’t bkt Eunc, dk whujmc’t fk sh dnppy.
vhiak ‑ jhumkr, sjhwkr ncm usic` di`dkr pitad, witd kbpdnsis = Ig wk’m pjncckm tdk sadkmujk fkttkr, wk whujmc’t dnvk dnm
prhfjkbs.
WHANF[JNVY _J[Q ]PH7_NV] _DVNQKQ Ig wk’m pjncckm tdk sadkmujk fkttkr, wk whujmc’t dnvk
prhfjkbs.
9N ; Ig I’m rkbkbfkrkm by lkys, I whujmc’t dnvk fkkc jhalkm hut.
tdky nrk njj nfhut pkhpjk dkjpic` htdkrs Ig I’m rkbkbfkrkm by lkys, I whujmc’t fk jhalkm hut.
6CM
w JNC@[N@KFNCL 7.6 p>>= 7.1 ]DK @HHM JIGK

N WHANF[JNVY DN__ICKQQ
> Ig I’m dnm tibk, I whujm dnvk `hck th tdk micckr.
6 Ig Nbncmn dnmc’t `ht stual ic n trnfi a enb, sdk whujmc’t dnvk >F
bisskm tdk pjnck. _hssifjk ncswkrs5
1 Ig yhu’m fhu`dt tialkts hcjick, it whujmc’t dnvk fkkc kxpkcsivk. Dy``k ‑ tdk imkn hg jivic` ahsijy, tnlic` pjknsurk ic sbnjj ahbghrts,
= Ig I dnmc’t gkjt sial nWkr hck bijk, I whujm dnvk ﬎cisdkm tdk rnak. kcehyic` tibk witd grikcms ncm gnbijy, jivic` ic tdk bhbkct.
; Ig dk dnmc’t mikm yhuc`, dk whujm dnvk fkahbk gnbhus. Mncisd pkhpjk njsh dnvk n `hhm whrl-jigk fnjncak, nrk jkss strksskm
7 Ig tdky’m stumikm, tdky whujmc’t dnvk gnijkm tdk tkst. ncm tdky trust knad htdkr.
0 Ig tdk phjiak dnmc’t ghucm dkr, sdk whujm dnvk ksanpkm.
4 Ig I’m dnm kchu`d bhcky, I whujm dnvk fhu`dt tdk fhhls I A
wnctkm. > jhhl hc tdk fri`dt simk 6 (fk) hc thp hg tdk whrjm
F > dnm chtiakm 6 dnmc’t 1 I’m skkc = dnm ; dnmc’t ﬎cisdkm 1 jivic` ic tdk bhbkct = tnlk pjknsurk ic ; dnvic` n `hhm tibk
7 yhu’m dknrm 0 writk 4 dnmc’t jhst 7 fk ahctkctkm (witd)
7N w WHANF[JNVYFNCL 7.1 p>6;

> dnm shjm, whujmc’t dnvk `ht
N >) bhhc, M 6) nir, K 1) whrjm, N =) ajhum, G ;) dknvkc, F
6 whujm dnvk mhck, ’m dnm
7) fkttkr, A 0) spirits, D 4) bhhm, @
1 ’m dnm, whujm dnvk fhu`dt
= whujmc’t dnvk ahjjkatkm, dnmc’t gucmkm F >) Pk’rk nfshjutkjy hvkr tdk bhhc. 6) Dk’s cht ic n vkry `hhm
; ’m thjm, whujm dnvk ahbk bhhm. 1) ]dky wkrk njj ic `hhm spirits. =) Ic gnat, I’vk ckvkr
7 whujm dnvk fkkc, dnm stual fkkc fkttkr. ;) I’b ic skvkctd dknvkc.
0 whujmc’t dnvk ﬎cisdkm, dnmc’t whrlkm
4 dnmc’t gkjt, whujm dnvk visitkm
F
G[CA]IHC NQLIC@ GHV NCM KT_VKQQIC@
> Ig sdk dnmc’t sthppkm ghr n scnal, sdk’m fk duc`ry chw. N@VKKBKC]/MIQN@VKKBKC]
6 Ig I dnmc’t `hck th tdk pnrty, I whujmc’t fk grikcms witd Krmkb. 6N
1 Ig I’m bisskm by ﬆi`dt, I’m stijj fk ic Ckw Yhrl. prkpnric` ncm kntic` `hhm ghhm (;) spkcmic` tibk ic cnturk (>)
= Ig tdky’m stnykm jntk, tdky whujm fk tirkm thmny. `kttic` ki`dt dhurs sjkkp ( =) jivic` ic tdk bhbkct (1)
; Ig sdk dnmc’t bkt _rhgksshr Jicmjky, sdk whujmc’t fk mhic` dkr _dM.
ghausic` hc tdk sibpjk tdic`s ic jigk (7) `hic` hut witd `hhm grikcms
‑ cht bkctihckm jistkcic` th busia (6)
PVI]IC@ N ]DNCL YH[ BKQQN@K< JKNVC ]H [QK
GHVBNJ/ICGHVBNJ KT_VKQQIHCQ F
9F > spkcmic` tibk ic cnturk ‑ Dk snys dk wkct th Pnjks ncm kcehykm
> Bkssn`k >5 ghr sdhwic` dkr nrhucm, kspkainjjy tdk Cntihcnj tdk sakckry ncm tdk gnat tdnt tdkrk wns chfhmy tdkrk.
Buskub 6 Jistkcic` th busia ‑ anc dkjp th adnc`k yhur bhhm. ]dk whbnc
Bkssn`k 65 ghr dkjp pjnccic` n ahcgkrkcak snys it’s hck hg dkr lkys th dnppickss.
Bkssn`k 15 ghr n ìW 1 jivic` ic tdk bhbkct ‑ pkhpjk spkcm thh buad tibk ghausic`
6 Bkssn`ks > ncm 1 nrk icghrbnj. Icghrbnj vhanfujnry5 Girst bkssn`k5 hc tdk guturk, tdiclic` —I wijj fk dnppy wdkc tdis dnppkcs’, hr
tdncls n jht< it wns `rknt th dnc` hut< `hhm jual< fkst wisdks. ]dirm whrryic` nfhut tdk pnst, rntdkr tdnc jivic` ic tdk prkskct ncm
bkssn`k5 di, rknjjy licm, jhvk ghausic` hc tdnt.
Bkssn`k 6 is ghrbnj. Ghrbnj vhanfujnry5 wk `rkntjy npprkaintkm< = `kttic` ki`dt dhurs sjkkp ‑ skkbs fhric`, fut it’s sh ibphrtnct
dncmjic` tdk jhìstias< tdis is, ic ch sbnjj pnrt, muk th yhur k﬏hrts< kvkc ig tdk bnc ckvkr bncn`ks th mh it. Dk dns nc npp th bknsurk
nt yhur knrjikst ahcvkcikcak< I jhhl ghrwnrm th dknric` grhb yhu< tdk qunjity hg dis sjkkp, fut dk ckvkr usunjjy sjkkps bhrk tdnc
yhurs sicakrkjy six dhurs. Dk wncts th adnc`k tdnt dnfit. ]dk whbnc snys —it’s n
juxury’ fut it’s sh ibphrtnct.
>?F ; prkpnric` ncm kntic` `hhm ghhm ‑ tdk whbnc snys —yhu nrk wdnt
yhu knt’ ‑ it’s icarkmifjy ibphrtnct th ahhl ncm knt `hhm ghhm. ]dk
ghrbnj Icghrbnj bnc snys dk ckvkr ahhls ghr dibskjg. ]dk whbnc snys ig yhu knt
stnrtic` tdk Mknr Di nt gnst ghhm rkstnurncts ncm tdkc yhu whcmkr wdy yhu mhc’t gkkj
bkssn`k `hhm, it’s fkanusk yhu ckkm th put `hhm, dknjtdy ghhm icth yhur
kxprkssic` ]dncl yhu vkry buad ]dncls n jht ghr … systkb th bnlk yhu dnppy.
tdncls ]dncl yhu vkry buad ]dncl yhu kvkr sh buad 7 Ghausic` hc tdk sibpjk tdic`s ‑ tdk bnc snys tdis is rkjntkm th
icmkkm ghr … ghausic` hc tdk bhbkct, fut it’s nfhut cht njwnys rusdic` ncm
nmmic` bhrk Pk `rkntjy npprkaintkm I rknjjy kcehykm … kntic` hc tdk ruc, fut tnlic` tibk th sit mhwc ncm kcehy n ah﬏kk
icghrbntihc … hr shbktdic` th knt ncm eust njjhwic` tdk bicm th skttjk fkghrk tdk
I’jj fk fnal/I’jj usk tdk
mny stnrts.
I wns mkji`dtkm th rkakivk bhcky
… I wns mkji`dtkm th rkakivk 1N
I nb vkry `rntkguj ghr … >P 6B 1P =P ;B 7B 0P
yhur dkjp witd… I dnm n `rknt tibk
F
si`cic` h﬏ Yhurs sicakrkjy Fkst wisdks
> isc’t it8/ri`dt8 6 isc’t it8/ri`dt8 1 mhc’t yhu8/ri`dt8
Pnrb rk`nrms Jhvk
= isc’t it8/ri`dt8 ; mhc’t yhu8/ri`dt8
Licm rk`nrms Njj tdk fkst
Qkk yhu shhc
I wns mkji`dtkm th rkakivk ncm ]dncl yhu vkry buad icmkkm ghr ahujm fk
]I_
ghrbnj hr icghrbnj. yks8 ch8 ncm HL8 ahujm njj fk uskm.
Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4 6?
6CM
A A
N5 Yks, mk﬎citkjy. M5 Vknjjy8! > ic 6 ajhsk 1 grhct = nfhut
It rknjjy mhks! I mhc’t tdicl sh. fk ic ckkm hg 2 ckkm.
Nfshjutkjy. Ch wny! (strhc`) ajhsk th by dknrt 2 pkrshcnjjy ibphrtnct th bk.
I n`rkk. Cht ckakssnrijy. put hc n grhct 2 prktkcm shbktdic` ic pufjia (wdijk tdk trutd is
]dnt’s ri`dt./Yhu’rk sh ri`dt. I’m sny tdk hpphsitk. mi﬏krkct)
]htnjjy!
fk vkry pnssihcntk nfhut 2 gkkj vkry strhc`jy nfhut shbktdic`
]kjj bk nfhut it!
Ch mhuft nfhut it. ;N
]dnt’s sh truk./]dnt’s prhfnfjy truk. > Vhxncck 6 Adris 1 Eujikt = Vhxncck ; Eujikt 7 Adris
w JNC@[N@KFNCL 7.1 p>>= writkfnal n sdhrt kssny

N > ri`dt 6 ckakssnrijy 1 Vknjjy = tdicl sh ; isc’t it
7 Ch mhuft 0 wny 4 tdnt’s prhfnfjy 9 mhc’t yhu 0N
>? mk﬎citkjy >> isc’t it >6 It rknjjy mhks >1 ]kjj bk Bkmianj nim ghr pkhpjk wdh nrk ic ckkm.
Bémkaics Qncs Grhctiärks is nphjitianj. It fric`s nim th pkhpjk
rk`nrmjkss hg rnak, ahjhur, `kcmkr hr rkjiìhus fkjikgs.
=N
Pdkc tdk spknlkr n`rkks tdkir vhiak is di`d, kspkainjjy hc tdk
strksskm syjjnfjk. Pdkc tdky misn`rkk, tdkir vhiak is jhwkr.
;N
7.; JHHLFNAL
> isc’t 6 thtnjjy 1 ri`dt8 = wny ; it 7 truk 0 ckakssnrijy BHMNJQ
4 hpphsitk
>N
JKNVC ]H N@VKK [QIC@ QYCHCYBQ > whc’t fk 6 bust fk 1 bi`dt fk = anc’t fk ; sdhujm 7 ahujm
7N KT]VKBK NMEKA]IWKQ
> frkntdtnlic`, icarkmifjk 6 mk﬎citkjy, nfshjutkjy
6N
F > tkrrigyic` 6 stuccic` 1 pnalkm = dimkhus ; `hr`khus
> m) rdytdb, fknt 7 ﬎jtdy 0 nsthcisdkm
6 g) arnzy, bnm
1 f) dht, fhijic` BHCKY
= k) fusy, durry
; n) du`k, kchrbhus 1N
7 a) sh bncy pkhpjk, pnalkm Ncswkrs5
rkwnrm, snjnry, mhcntihc, icahbk, aurrkcay, phvkrty, wknjtd, n﬏hrm,
snvic`s, mkft
7.= N DKJ_IC@ DNCM r k w n r m n s a g
s n v i c ` s n k n
MWM WIKP
m s v n w k n j t d
6N
> Vusskjj 6 Adris 1 Adris = Qibhc n m ` w q m i n j j
s c g k u i c r e k
F
Adris5 n ahjjknùk, put dkr ic thuad witd n uskguj ahcckatihc< a u r r k c a y g i
pkhpjk ic dis ahbbucity, whrlkm witd jhanj rksimkct m h c n t i h c u m
nsshaintihc th ajknr up skrviak rhnms
k a v r k u b l c h
Qibhc5 n `rhup hg rkgu`kks, th `kt icghrbntihc tdky wijj ckkm wdkc
tdky ahbk th tdk [L f n i p h v k r t y
Vusskjj5 n Qpncisd whbnc, th fuy n fus tialkt t n g g h r m h e j
A
> jkcm 6 `hhm 1 nfjk NQL GHV NCM KT_VKQQ N@VKKBKC] /
MIQN@VKKBKC]
M
;N
>f 6a 1n
> Yhu’rk sh ri`dt. 6 I’m sny tdk hpphsitk 1 ]dnt’s prhfnfjy truk.
1N = ]kjj bk nfhut it! ; Ch mhuft nfhut it. 7 It rknjjy mhks!
> Qibhc ckkmkm n ah﬏kk ncm shbkhck fhu`dt dib hck.
6 Eujikt’s pnrkcts ahujmc’t n﬏hrm sicìc` jksshcs. ]dk busia tknadkr
sphlk th n sicìc` tknadkr wdh `nvk dkr grkk jksshcs ghr tdrkk
yknrs. Eujikt is chw n sic`kr.
1 Vhxncck dnm n thu`d kxpkrikcak bhvic` grhb hck ahuctry th
nchtdkr. Dkr adijmrkc wkrk hg pribnry ncm fkìccic` skahcmnry
sadhhj n`k. Dkr dusfncm wns njrknmy dkrk. Dkr ahbbucity ncm
grikcms dkjpkm dkr th `kt tdic`s hr`nciskm ncm ghaus hc tdk tdic`s
tdnt bnttkrkm ncm tdk tdic`s tdnt mimc’t.
=N
mivkrsity ic tdk nrts = rkgu`kks > bkctnj dknjtd issuks 1
shainj eustiak ghr adijmrkc/trnfialic` 6
Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4 6>
6CM
0.> H[]QIMKV NV]

0
w WHANF[JNVYFNCL 0.> p>67 Wisunj Nrts
@VNBBNV BNLIC@ AHB_NVIQHCQ< QH/Q[AD > pnttkrcs 6 fhmy 1 tkadcianj = ﬎jbkm ; pnst 7 @rkkl
0 jhhls 4 mrknbs
6F
> bhrk rknjistia tdnc 6 tdk bhst 1 ns `hhm ns
n
= njbhst ns gnbhus ns ; sh strnc`k WHANF[JNVY _J[Q B[J]I7PHVM WKVFQ 6
7 suad n fknutiguj piaturk tdnt
r
9N
A Grhb qukstihc >5 turc hc 2 switad hc/bnlk whrl< bnlk up 2
t
> bhrk 6 tdk bhst/tdk jknst 1 suad = sh icvkct/arkntk< jhhl nWkr 2 tnlk anrk hg
; ns + nmekativk + ns ûkstihc 65 tdrhw nwny 2 put ic tdk ruffisd/trnsd< ìvk up 2 sthp<
s
frknl mhwc 2 sthp whrlic`
ûkstihc 15 sdhp nrhucm 2 ahbpnrk tdk priak/qunjity hg
w JNC@[N@KFNCL 0.> p>>7‑>>0
shbktdic` fy `hic` th jhts hg mi﬏krkct sdhps
N ûkstihc =5 turc shbkfhmy/shbktdic` mhwc 2 sny ch th
> Dk’s suad n jinr! shbktdic`/shbkfhmy< ahbk up witd 2 prhmuak shbktdic`
6 ]dk kxnb wns sh mifiaujt tdnt ch hck pnsskm. ûkstihc ;5 ahuct hc 2 rkjy hc
1 ]dnt’s cht suad n `rknt imkn, ]hb.
= I’b sh duc`ry I ahujm knt n dhrsk! ûkstihc 75 anjj (it) h﬏ 2 ancakj
; Pk wntadkm suad n fhric` ﬎jb I gkjj nsjkkp dnjgwny tdrhu`d.
7 Dk rucs sh gnst tdnt I anc’t lkkp up. w WHANF[JNVYFNCL 0.> p>67 Bujit-whrm vkrfs 6
0 It wns suad n tkrrifjk wnstk hg tibk.
4 Yhu’rk sh `hhm nt bntds! > bnmk up (f) 6 bnlk up (n) 1 frhlk mhwc (n)
F = frknl mhwc (f) ; `nvk up (f) 7 `nvk up (n)
> sh jhum wk ahujmc’t adnt. 0 turc mhwc (n) 4 turckm it mhwc (f) 9 jkt mhwc (n)
6 suad n frijjinct fhhl tdnt I rknm it twiak. >? jkt mhwc (f) >> whrls hut (f) >6 whrl hut (n)
1 mhksc’t pjny ns wkjj ns Qnrn.
= dnm suad n fnm dknmnadk tdnt dk wkct th tdk dhspitnj.
; wns sh nc`ry I turckm rkm!
7 is ns tnjj ns tdk hjm fuijmic`. 0.6 ]DK _HPKV HG B[QIA
1N WHANF[JNVY B[QIA
> /əz/ 6 /ÿəc/
6N
= > spknlkrs 6 njfub 1 rnvk = jyrias ; rdytdb
> suad n fknutiguj 6 tdk bhst phpujnr 1 sh `hhm 7 mncak busia 0 cubfkr hck 4 mhwcjhnm 9 trnal >? gnc
= tdk jknst ictkrkstic` ; ns `hr`khus ns 7 ns fi` ns >> rnp >6 tkadch
0 suad n frijjinct 4 sh quialjy
JIQ]KCIC@
VKNMIC@ 1N
7F >] 6] 1G =G ;] 7G
Hutsimkr nrt is nrt prhmuakm fy pkhpjk wdh nrk hc tdk
F
km`ks hg shaikty5 prishckrs hr pkhpjk witd bkctnj ijjckss,
wdh nrk uctrnickm ns nrtists. ]dky hWkc dnvk n disthry hg >k 6 g 1 d = n ; i 7 e 0 m 4 a 9 ` >? f
icstitutihcnjisntihc (hrpdncn`k, nsyjub, prishc), jittjk hr ch A
kmuantihc, ncm nc hfskssihc witd nrt-bnlic`. ]dkir whrl tkcms th Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5 > th fk n fi` gnc hg 6 Yks 1 trikm th kcehy
sdhw gnctnsy whrjms ncm kxtrkbk bkctnj stntks, ncm it’s bnmk hg it, fut wkrkc’t nfjk th = (vkry) ck`ntivk ‑ yhu misjilk it sh buad
ncytdic` tdnt ahbks th dncm. it’s n pdysianj rknatihc
0N
> pkhpjk … wdh nrk uctrnickm ns nrtists @VNBBNV FK/@K] [QKM ]H WQ [QKM ]H
6 Hutsimkr Nrt anc bknc saujpturks hg `hrijjns bnmk hg tic ghij,
=F
pjnstia Qtnr Pnrs ﬎ùrks `jukm th fhnrms, adnirs bnmk hg
> a) 6 n) 1 f)
adialkc fhcks, ncm stu﬏km squirrkjs ﬎ttkm witd nc`kjs’ wic`s.
1 Kmbhcmshc (>40=‑>9;>) wns tdk ﬎rst Ngrianc Nbkrianc th dnvk
nc kxdifitihc nt tdk Buskub hg Bhmkrc Nrt, ic >910. w JNC@[N@KFNCL 0.6 p>>7 fk/`kt uskm th vs
= @uh Gkc`yi … bnmk icl mrnwic`s. Qdk dnm whrlkm ic n ruffkr uskm th
gnathry fut rktirkm nt 19.
; Nt n rkakct Wkciak Fikccnjk, … tdk bnic nttrnatihc wns … Ij N > uskm th knt 6 `kt uskm th jivic` 1 `ht uskm th jivk
_njnzzh Kcaiajhpkmiah … n ahpy hg n >9;?s whrl fy skjg-tnu`dt = th fk `kt uskm th ; Ahrrkat 7 Ahrrkat
Itnjinc Bnrich Nuriti. 0 kvkr `kttic` `kt uskm th 4 cht `kt uskm th
7 Pdy is Hutsimkr Nrt summkcjy phpujnr8 Ghr skvkrnj yknrs, tdkrk’s F > I’b uskm th 6 uskm th 1 `ht uskm th = `kt uskm th
fkkc n `rhwic` ictkrkst ic —njtkrcntivk’ nrt … bnehr buskubs ; usk th 7 `kt uskm th
ncm `njjkriks nrk stnrtic` th kxdifit tdk whrl hg skjg-tnu`dt
nrtists. ;
> f) 6 f) 1 f) = n) ; n) 7 f) 0 n) 4 f)
WHANF[JNVY WIQ[NJ NV]Q
4N
N adnrahnj F slktad A hij pnictic`, M saujpturk K skjg-phrtrnit
G ahjjn`k @ ancvns D knskj I pnictfrusd E bujtibkmin
L wntkrahjhur J icstnjjntihc
6CM
PVI]IC@ NC KQQNY< JKNVC ]H [QK _NVNJJKJIQB F
> Vhjj tdkb. Mhc’t ghjm tdkb.
0N
6 _ut tdk ajhtdks ic n fn` witd n fnr hg sakctkm shnp.
> bnic imkn 6 quhtntihcs 1 pnrn`rnpd = thpia skctkcak
1 Jial yhur ﬎c`kr ncm mip it ic snjt.
; ahcajusihc 7 ictrhmuatihc
= Qwitad hc n gnc ncm sit ic tdk frkkzk.
F ; N ahctnickr grhb nc hjm suc jhtihc fhttjk.
Ictrhmuatihc 7 Qthp nt n angé hr fnr ncm nsl ghr nc ubfrkjjn.
Busia is nc ictk`rnj pnrt hg hur jivks. 2 prkskcts tdk bnic imkn =N
Pk anrry it ic hur phalkts ncm fjnst it grhb tdk rhh'hps. 2 mrnbntia > imkn 6 shucms 1 tdnt = suad
ibn`k
It ahctrhjs hur kbhtihcs ncm hur fkdnvihur, it anc bnlk us bhrk A
ictkjji`kct, ncm it anc kvkc dkjp us th bnlk grikcms . 2 ictrhmuaks qukstihcs ]h sthp tdk ajhtdks grhb sbkjjic` fnm8 Is it
bnic imkn rknjjy8 Nrk yhu skrihus8
Ns Dkcry Pnmswhrtd Jhc`gkjjhw snim, —Busia is tdk ucivkrsnj jncùn`k hg n sh hr suad ]dnt’s suad n `hhm imkn. Yhu’rk sh ajkvkr!
bnclicm’. 2 rkjkvnct quhtntihc skctkcak ]dnt’s suad n ciak tdic` th mh.
_nrn`rnpd > tdnt shucms/tdnt’s ]dnt’s n `hhm imkn. ]dnt shucms sh knsy, ]dnt’s
Busia n﬏kats hur bkbhriks ncm hur kbhtihcs. 2 thpia skctkcak + nmekativk (k.`. `hhm. ]dnt’s whcmkrguj! ]dnt shucms tkrrifjk!
Pk rkbkbfkr tdk busia tdnt wns pjnyic` nt wkmmic`s ncm guckrnjs, `rknt/nbnzic`/ ]dnt shucms nbnzic`! ]dnt’s ucgnir!
muric` hur ﬎rst liss hr n spkainj dhjimny th`ktdkr. 2 supphrtic` mktnijs ictkrkstic`/tkrrifjk)
Pk anc usk busia th adnc`k hur bhhm. Eust tdicl nfhut dhw yhur dhw + nmekativk Dhw nwguj! Dhw ictkrkstic`!
kbhtihcs nrk n﬏katkm fy tdk shucmtrnal wdkc yhu wntad n sanry sakck hck-whrm ahbbkct Frijjinct! Ahc`rntujntihcs! Kxakjjkct! @rknt!
ic n bhvik. 2 kxnbpjk
_nrn`rnpd 6
Hur frnics nrk njsh n﬏katkm fy busia. 2 thpia skctkcak w JNC@[N@KFNCL 0.1 p>>7
Busia anc dkjp th rkjikvk strkss ncm mkprkssihc, ncm kvkc dkjps pkhpjk th > ]dnt’s 6 shucms 1 sh = skrihus ; suad 7 it 0 nwguj
sjkkp fkttkr. Busia n﬏kats hur fkdnvihur ic htdkr wnys thh. 2 supphrtic` 4 Kxakjjkct
mktnijs
Pdkc anjbic` busia is pjnykm ic sdhppic` akctrks, pkhpjk tkcm th wnjl ;N
bhrk sjhwjy ncm fuy bhrk. Pdkc wk jistkc th jhum busia ic tdk `yb, wk > ]dnt shucms `hhm. 6 Yhu’rk sh ajkvkr! 1 ]dnt’s n `hhm imkn!
tkcm th whrl gnstkr ncm mh bhrk kxkraisk. Busia anc kvkc bnlk us bhrk = Frijjinct! ; Nrk yhu skrihus8 7 ]dnt shucms tkrrifjk!
ictkjji`kct. _khpjk wdh jistkc th Bhznrt fkghrk mhic` nc I^ tkst pkrghrb
fkttkr. ]dis is lchwc ns tdk —Bhznrt k﬏kat’. 2 kxnbpjks
JKNVC ]H N@VKK [QIC@ BK ]HH/BK CKI]DKV
Ahcajusihc
7
Jnstjy, busia dns nc icarkmifjk phwkr th fric` pkhpjk th`ktdkr, kvkc
> thh 6 ckitdkr
wdkc tdky mhc’t spknl tdk snbk jncùn`k. 2 rkgkrric` fnal th
ictrhmuatihc 0N
Busia ncm sicìc` nrk ncaikct prnatiaks. ]dky dnvk fkkc uskm fy 0, 4, 9, >?
shaiktiks njj nrhucm tdk whrjm th dkjp bnlk shainj `rhups fhcm bhrk
strhc`jy. ]dicl nfhut tdk wny ghhtfnjj gncs sic` ncm adnct. ]dkrk’s ch
mhuft nfhut it, busia dns njwnys fkkc ncm wijj njwnys fk n gucmnbkctnj
pnrt hg hur shaikty, ghr njj hg tdksk rknshcs, ncm pkrdnps ghr htdkrs wk
0.= @VNGGI]I
mhc’t kvkc lchw. ]dk phwkr hg busia is sibpjy bnìanj. 2 snbk/sibijnr MWM _VKWIKP
jncùn`k ns prkvihusjy th rkicghrak bkssn`k >F
4 @rnfiti uskm th fk ahcsimkrkm vncmnjisb, fut chw nrtists nrk fkic`
]dky nrk bhrk ahcaisk ncm dnvk n ajknrkr rdytdb. ]dk ahctkct is kcahurn`km ncm ìvkc jk`nj spnaks th arkntk strkkt nrt.
ajknrkr ‑ cht rkpkntic` tdk vkrf, ncm jistic` tdk ibphrtnct ahctkct
whrms, bnlks it knsikr th imkctigy tdk ibphrtnct icghrbntihc. MWM WIKP
> f) 6 f) 1 f) = n) 6N
> _khpjk uskm th skk `rnfi ti ns nc ncchyncak. Chw it is skkc ns n
9
Qu``kstkm ncswkrs5 > f) 6 n) 1 f)
ghrb hg pufjia nrt.
6 @rnfiti dns fkkc jk`njiskm ic shbk pjnaks ncm ic htdkrs tdk ﬎cks
nrk jhw, sh pkhpjk nrk kcahurn`km th usk `rnfiti th ibprhvk shbk
0.1 JIGK DNALQ nrkns wdiad prkvihusjy wkrk nfncmhckm.
A
WHANF[JNVY KWKVYMNY HFEKA]Q >G 6] 1] =G ;G 7] 0]
> spknlhut n aujturnj kxpkrikcak
N tkn fn` F dnbbkr A pnpkr thwkj M ajhtdks pk`
K dnirmrykr G priak tn` @ kjkatria gnc D wntkric` anc =N
I wrnppic` pnpkr E sphc`k > Qdk jilks th wncmkr nrhucm tdk aity witd dkr anbkrn jhhlic` nt
strkkt nrt.
G[CA]IHC VKQ_HCMIC@ ]H Q[@@KQ]IHCQ 6 ]dk kxpkrikcak wns n wnjlic` nrt thur hg tdk Fnrrncah mistriat ic
Jibn, _kru.
1N 1 ]dk nrkn is dhbk th bncy nrtists ncm tdk wnjjs (icsimk ncm hutsimk
> sthp yhur ajhtdks grhb wricljic` ic n suitansk tdk dhusks) nrk ahvkrkm ic fri`dt burnjs.
6 sthp mirty ajhtdks grhb sbkjjic` ic n suitansk = Qdk jknrckm n jht nfhut tdk aity ncm its disthry, kcehykm skkic`
1 dhw th trknt n bhsquith fitk burnjs tdnt sdk whujmc’t dnvk ghucm htdkrwisk ncm dknric`
= sthp bhsquithks grhb fuzzic` nrhucm yhu nfhut tdkb grhb shbkhck wdh lchws tdk nrtists ncm anc kxpjnic
; sthp yhur vnjunfjks grhb fkic` sthjkc nt tdk fknad tdk bkncic` hg tdk burnjs. Qdk njsh kcehykm n whcmkrguj jucad
7 Pdnt th mh ig yhu’rk anu`dt ic tdk rnic hc tdk strkkt jhhlic` hut narhss tdk haknc ncm kntic` jhanj ghhm.
6CM
F FK/@K] [QKM ]H WQ [QKM ]H
> jhvk 6 by gnvhuritk tdic`s th skk 1 kxaitic` = nrt ; kxaitkm
1N
7 icdnfitkm 0 gnsaicntic` 4 [cmhuftkmjy 9 thp >? thur
> uskm th mh 6 uskm th fk 1 `kt uskm th = uskm th ; ’b uskm th
7 uskm th it

Answer Key Index: Intermediate Plus: J I G K S T y J K S

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Answer Key Index: Intermediate Plus: J I G K S T y J K S

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Answer Key Index:

Загружено: Coco Languages Aug 16, 2021

" 80% (5) · 2K просмотров · 27 страниц

© © All Rights Reserved JKNM2IC

Ig I’m dnm n adhiak, I whujm dnvk

>.> AHGGKK MVICLKV8

@VNBBNV ]DK _NQQIWK< AN[QN]IWK DNWK >.6 JIGK IQ F[QY

Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4 6

% Истек срок вашей подписки Scribd. Нажмите

Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4 1

Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4 =

6.> @KCI[Q ICWKC]IHCQ PVI]IC@ N _VHM[A] MKQAVI_]IHC< JKNVC ]H

WHANF[JNVY NMEKA]IWKQ ]H MKQAVIFK

Cht icajumkm5 1 icgh nfhut sdippic` ‑ ajkvkr ajip

]I_ 6.6 F[IJMKVQ

> ]dksk nrk sphhcs8 ]dky’rk kmifjk8 F

Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4 ;

WHANF[JNVY _J[Q PHVM7F[IJMIC@5 _VKGITKQ A

Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4 7

Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4 0

1.> Q[VGIC@ MVKNBQ WHANF[JNVY NMWKVFQ

Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4 4

w WHANF[JNVYFNCL p>66 IMIHBQ ]I_

Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4 9

=.> KWKVYHCK’Q N QAIKC]IQ] @VNBBNV UKVH, GIVQ] NCM QKAHCM

;.> EH[VCKYQ PVI]IC@ N QDHV] FHHL VKWIKP< JKNVC ]H

w JNC@[N@KFNCL ;.> p>>6‑>>1

G[CA]IHC KT_VKQQIC@ YH[V H_ICIHC JKNVC ]H KT_VKQQ MH[F]/^[KQ]IHC NC

7.> @HHM HV FNM8

@VNBBNV BHMNJQ HG MKM[A]IHC

;F @VNBBNV ]DIVM NCM BITKM AHCMI]IHCNJQ

w JNC@[N@KFNCL 7.6 p>>= 7.1 ]DK @HHM JIGK

7N w WHANF[JNVYFNCL 7.1 p>6;

Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4 6?

w JNC@[N@KFNCL 7.1 p>>= writkfnal n sdhrt kssny

0.> H[]QIMKV NV]

Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4 66

Qpknlhut Ictkrbkmintk _jus Ncswkr Lky © _knrshc Kmuantihc Jibitkm 6?>4 61

You might also like