CY^@CH KN\N_CWCVCH \CFC \CYDNH FNHGCH GCHGG^CH

YDYVNJ \NHIN_HCCH \CFC KCY^Y DAN^Y MOYV_^KYD

FD _^CHG EACJOMTCH _Y^F \_CTC

Man` 2

YCAWC C\_DADC
<04 YVTB 34

TCTCYCH _^JC@ YCKDV DYACJ H^YC VNHGGC_C OC_CV

YNKMAC@ VDHGGD DAJ^ KNYN@CVCH TC_YD JCVC_CJ
\_MG_CJ YV^FD KN\N_CWCVCH BNHBCHG Y.3
JCVC_CJ
?<?3
 ANJOC_ \NHGNYC@CH

CY^@CH KN\N_CWCVCH \CFC \CYDNH FNHGCH GCHGG^CH

YDYVNJ \NHIN_HCCH \CFC KCY^Y DAN^Y MOYV_^KYD
FD _^CHG EACJOMTCH _Y^F \_CTC

CYKN\ dhd fd sc`kch pcfc 2

@crd 2
Vchggca 2

\njodjodhg Ckcfnjdk \njodjodhg Ac`ch

KCVC \NHGCHVC_

d
 Fnhg
Fnhgch
ch jnhy
jnhyno
nout
ut hc
hcjc
jc Ca
Caac
ac`
` YWV
YWV yc
ychg
hg Jc`c
Jc`c \n
\nhg
hgcsd
csd`
` ac
acgd
gd Jc`c
Jc`c
\nhycychg.
\nhycychg. Kcjd pchbctkch pubc fch pubd syukur ctcs kn`cfdrct-Hy
kn`cfdrct-Hyc,
c, ychg tnac`
jnadjpc`kch rc`jct, `dfcyc`, fch dhcyc`-Hyc knpcfc kcjd, sn`dhggc kcjd fcpct
jnhynanscdkch CYKN\ tnhtchg ‑Danus Mostruksd‚
CYKN\ dhd tnac` kcjd susuh fnhgch jcksdjca fch jnhfcpctkch ochtuch
fcrd onrocgcd pd`ck sn`dhggc fcpct jnjpnrachicr pnjouctch jckcac` dhd. ^htuk
dtu kcjd
kcjd jnhycj
jnhycjpcd
pcdkch
kch ochyck
ochyck tnrdjc
tnrdjckcsd
kcsd`
` knpcfc
knpcfc snjuc
snjuc pd`ck
pd`ck ychg
ychg tna
tnac`
c`
onrkmhtrdousd fcacj pnjouctch CYKN\ dhd.
dhd.
Vnranp
Vnranpcs
cs fcrd
fcrd snjuc
snjuc dtu,
dtu, kcjd
kcjd jnhycf
jnhycfcrd
crd snpnhu
snpnhu`hy
`hycc oc`wc
oc`wc jcsd`
jcsd` cfc
knkurchgch ocdk fcrd sngd susushch kcadjct jcupuh tctc oc`cschyc. Man` kcrnhc
dtu fnhgch tchgch tnroukc kcjd jnhnrdjc sngcac scrch fch krdtdk fcrd pnjocic
cgcr kcjd fcpct jnjpnrocdkd CYKN\ dhd.
Ck`dr kctc kcjd onr`crcp snjmgc CYKN\ dhd fcpct jnjonrdkch jchecct
jcupuh dhspdrcsd tnr`cfcp pnjocic.

Jctcrcj, 3? Bchucrd ?<?3

FCEVC_ DYD

dd
@cacjch Imvnr
Anjocr
Anj ocr \nhgn
\nhgnsc` sc`chch.........
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.......
........
........
........
........
........
.......
... d
Kctc \nhgchtc
\nhgchtcrr ..........
..............
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.............
..................
............
... dd
Fcetcr
Fcetcr Dsd .......
............
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..............
........... ddd
Fcetcr
Fcetcr Vcona
Vcona ..........
...............
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.............
.................
.................
........ dv

OCO D \NHFC@
\NHFC@^A^ ^A^CH. CH..........
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.......
........
........
........
........
........
........
......
.. 3
C. Actcr Onackchg
Onackchg ..........
...............
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
............
..........
... 3
O. Vubuc
Vubuchh ..........
...............
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
............
...............
........ 3

OCO DD VDHBC^
VDHBC^CH CH VNM_D..
VNM_D..... ......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.......
........
........
........
........
........
........
......
.. 9
C. Fnedhdsd...........................................
Fnedhdsd.................................................................
............................................
......................................
................ 9
O. Ntdmamgd....................................
Ntdmamgd..........................................................
............................................
.............................................
....................... 9
I. Jchdenstcsd
Jchdenstcsd Kadhds.....
Kadhds..................
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
...........
................
...........
.. 6
F. \ctmedsdmam
\ctmedsdmamgd...
gd........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
..........
...............
.............
.... 6
N. \njnrdkscch
\njnrdkscch \nhuhbchg
\nhuhbchg..... ..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
............
................
...............
...... >
E. \nhctcacksch
\nhctcackschcch...
cch........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
...........
................
...........
.. 5
G. Kmjpadkcsd....................................
Kmjpadkcsd..........................................................
............................................
.......................................
................. 7

OCO DDD KMHYN\ FCYC_ CY^@CH KN\N_CWCVCH.........................

KN\N_CWCVCH..................... .... 0
C. \nhgkcbdch...................................
\nhgkcbdch.........................................................
............................................
.........................................
................... 0
O. Fdcghmsc
Fdcghmsc Knpnrcwctch
Knpnrcwctch..... ..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
............
................
.................
........ 3<
I. Dhtnrvnhsd
Dhtnrvnhsd Knpnrcwctch.
Knpnrcwctch...... ..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.............
.................
...................
.......... 3<
F. Djpanjnhtcsd
Djpanjnhtcsd Knpnrcwctch.
Knpnrcwctch...... ..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.......
.. 33
N. Nvcaucsd
Nvcaucsd Knpnrcwctch.
Knpnrcwctch...... .........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
....... 33

FCEVC_ \^YVCKC

FCEVC_ VCONA

ddd
Vcona 9.3 Chcads
Vcona Chcadscc Fctc..
Fctc.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.......
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
.... 4
Vcona 9.? Dhtnrvnhsd
Dhtnrvnhsd Knpnrcwctch.
Knpnrcwctch...... ..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.............
..................
..............
.... 3<

dv
 OCO D
\NHFC@^A^CH

C. Actc
ctcr On
Onackc
ackchg
hg
\cfcc fcscrh
\cf fcscrhyc,
yc, snjuc
snjuc jck`au
jck`auk
k `dfup
`dfup `crus
`crus jnjnhu
jnjnhu`d
`d knoutu
knoutu`ch
`ch
nhnrgdhyc fnhgch icrc jnhgkmhsujsd jckchch. Jckchch tnrsnout knjufdch
fdur
fdurcd
cdkc
kch
h fc
fcac
acj
j sd
sdstn
stnj
j pn
pnhi
hinr
nrhc
hcch
ch jnhb
jnhbcf
cfdd sujo
sujonr
nr nh
nhnr
nrgd
gd,, sn
snoc
ocgc
gcdd
kmjpmh
kmjpmhnh
nh pnhyu
pnhyusuh
suh sna fch bcrdhgc
bcrdhgch
h tuou`,
tuou`, fch hutrdsd
hutrdsd ych
ychg
g jnjoch
jnjochtu
tu
euhgsd edsdmamgds tuou`. \nhinrhcch jckchch jnrupckch prmsns jnhguoc`
jckchch fcrd ukurch onscr jnhbcfd ukurch ychg anod` knida fch `caus, snrtc
jnjnic` jmankua jckchch ychg kmjpanks jnhbcfd jmankua ychg snfnr`chc
fn
fnhg
hgch
ch jnhg
jnhggu
guhc
hckc
kch
h nh
nhzd
zdj
j fc
fch
h mr
mrgc
gch-m
h-mrg
rgch
ch pn
pnhi
hinr
nrhc
hcch
ch.. Nhzdj
Nhzdj dh
dhdd
fd`csdakch man` mrgch-mrgch pnhinrhcch fch bnhdshyc tnrgchtuhg fcrd oc`ch
jckchch ychg ckch fdinrhc man` tuou`. Aucshyc fcnrc` pnrjukcch scaurch
in
inrh
rhcc fc
fch
h eu
euhg
hgsd
sd fdgn
fdgnst
stdeh
dehyc
yc jnhu
jnhuhb
hbuk
ukch
ch on
ontc
tcpc
pc pn
pnht
htdh
dhgh
ghyc
yc jckh
jckhcc
pnrtukcrch chtcrc mrgchdsjn jchusdc fnhgch adhgkuhgchhyc. Knacdhch
dh
dhea
eacj
cjcsd
csd fc
fch
h jcac
jcacos
osmr
mrps
psdd ck
ckch
ch jnhg
jnhggc
gchg
hggu
gu kn
knut
utu`
u`ch
ch eu
euhg
hgsd
sd trckt
trcktus
us
gcstrmdhtnstdhca. (Fmhc A.Wmhg, ?<<0 )
Mostruksd dhtnstdhca jnrupckch scac` sctu onhtuk knacdhch pcfc trcktus
fdgnst
fdgnstdvu
dvuss fch jnhbcf
jnhbcfdd kngcwc
kngcwctch
tch fcacj
fcacj onfc`
onfc` cofmjd
cofmjdhca
hcads
ds ychg
ychg snrdhg
snrdhg
fdbujpcd, jnrupckch 5<-7<% fcrd snauru` kcsus ckut cofmjnh ychg oukch
cppnhfdidtds ckutc. Yntdcp tc`uhhyc 3 fcrd 3<<< pnhfufuk fcrd sngcac usdc
fdfdcghmsc danus (Fcvdfsmh, ?<<5). Fd Cjnrdkc fdpnrkdrckch snkdtcr 9<<.<<<-
6<<.<<< mrchg jnhfnrdtc danus sntdcp tc`uhhyc (Bnnkna, ?<<9). Ynfchgkch fd
Dhfmhnsdc onrfcscrkch fctc Fnpkns _D tc`uh ?<<6 tnrictct cfc 7.<>4 kcsus
danus pcrcadtdk fch mostruktde ychg fdrcwct dhcp fch 7.<?6 pcsdnh rcwct bcach.
O. Vubu
Vubuch
ch \nhu
\nhuad
adsc
sch
h
3. Vubuch ujuj
^htuk jnhfcpctkch gcjocrch hyctc jnhgnhcd csu`ch knpnrcwctch
pcfc pcsdnh fnhgch danus mostrutde

3
?. Vubuch k`
k`usus
Cfcp
Cfcpuh
uh tu
tubu
buch
ch k`
k`us
usus
us pn
pnhu
huad
adsch
sch kc
kcry
rycc tu
tuad
adss dh
dhdd cf
cfca
cac`
c` uh
uhtu
tuk
k
jnhfcpctkch gcjocrch hyctc tnhtchg 2
c. \nhgkc
\nhgkcbdc
bdch
h fc
fctc
tc ychg
ychg jnhuhb
jnhuhbchg
chg jcscac
jcscac`
` knpnr
knpnrcwc
cwctch
tch
o. \nhyusuhch fdcghmsc knpnrcwctch
i. \nhy
\nhyus
usuh
uhch
ch rnhi
rnhich
chcc tdhfc
tdhfckc
kch
h knpnr
knpnrcw
cwct
ctch
ch
f. \nac
\nacks
ksch
chcch
cch tdhf
tdhfck
ckch
ch knp
knpnrc
nrcwc
wctc
tch
h
n. \nac
\nacks
ksch
chcch
cch nv
nvca
cauc
ucsd
sd kn
knpn
pnrcw
rcwctc
ctch
h

?
 OCO DD
VDHBC^CH VNM_D

C. \nhgnrtdch
Mostruksd
Mostruksd usus cfcac` gchgguch
gchgguch pcfc cadrch hmrjca dsd usus snpchbchg
trcktus dhtnstdhca (Hnttdhc, ?<<3). Mostruksd tnrbcfd kntdkc cfc gchgguch ychg
jnhyno
jnhynocok
cokch
ch tnr`cjo
tnr`cjocth
cthyc
yc cad
cadrch
rch dsd usus
usus kn fnpch
fnpch tntcpd
tntcpd pnrdstc
pnrdstcatd
atdkhy
khycc
hmrjca (_nnvns, ?<<3). Mostruksd usus jnrupckch suctu oamk scaurch usus
ychg jnhg`cjoct pcscsn icdrch, eactus fch jckchch fcpct snicrc jnkchds
ctcu euhgsdmhca. (Vuiknr, 3440).
Fcrdd fnedhd
Fcr fnedhdsd
sd fdctcs
fdctcs fcpct
fcpct fdsdjp
fdsdjpuak
uakch
ch oc`wc
oc`wc mostru
mostruksd
ksd usus
usus cfcac`
cfcac`
sujoctch tmtca ctcu pcrsdca ychg jnhg`cachgd cadrch hmrjca jnacaud scaurch
pnhinrhcch.
O. Ntdmamgd
Cfcp
Cfcpuh
uh pn
pnhy
hyno
noco
co fc
fcrd
rd mo
mostr
struk
uksd
sd us
usus
us fd
fdoc
ocgd
gd jnhb
jnhbcf
cfdd fu
fucc oc
ocgd
gdch
ch
jnhurut bnhds mostruksd usus, ycdtu2
3. Jnkchds
Tcdt
Tcdtu
u tnrb
tnrbcf
cfdd mo
most
stru
ruks
ksdd dh
dhtrc
trcju
juhc
hcaa ct
ctcu
cu mo
most
stru
ruks
ksdd juhc
juhcaa fc
fcrd
rd
tnkchch pcfc usus, fdchtcrchyc 2
c. Dhtususnpsd
o. Vujmr fch hnmpacsjc
i. Ytnhmsdsf.
f. Ytrdktur
n. \nr
nran
ank
kctch
ctch (c
(cf
f`nsd
`nsd))
e. @nrhdc
g. Cosns
?. Euhgsdmhca
Tcdt
Tcdtu
u ck
ckdo
doct
ct jusk
juskua
uact
ctmr
mr us
usus
us tdfc
tdfck
k jcjp
jcjpu
u jnhf
jnhfmr
mrmh
mhg
g dsd
dsd
snpchbchg usus. (Oruhhnr chf Yuffcrt`, ?<<?)

9
I. Jchde
chdens
nstc
tcsd
sd Kad
Kadhd
hdss
Vnrfcpct 6 tchfc kcrfdhca gnbcac danus mostruktde (Wdhsant, ?<<?) 2
3. Hynrd co
cofmjnh
?. Juhtc`
9. Fdstnhsd
6. Kngcgc
Kngcgcach
ach ouchg
ouchg cdr
cdr onscr
onscr ctcu gcs (kmhst
(kmhstdpc
dpcsd)
sd)..
Gnbcac danus mostruktde onrvcrdcsd tnrgchtuhg knpcfc (Wdhsant, ?<<?) 2
3. Amkcsd mo
mostruksd
?. Acjch
cjchy
yc mos
ostr
truk
uksd
sd
9. \nhynocohyc
6. Cfc
Cfc ctcu
ctcu tdfc
tdfckh
khyc
yc dsknj
dsknjdc
dc us
usus
us
Gnbcac snachbuthyc ychg odsc juhiua tnrjcsuk fn`dfrcsd, madgurdc, symk
`ypmvm
`ypmvmanj
anjdk,
dk, pdrnks
pdrnksdc,
dc, snptdk
snptdknjdc
njdc,, pnhuru
pnhuruhch
hch rnspdrc
rnspdrcsd
sd fch pnrdtm
pnrdtmhdtd
hdtds.
s.
Vnr`cfcp sntdcp pnhyckdt ychg fdiurdgcd danus mostruktde, snjuc knjuhgkdhch
`nrhdc `crus fdpnrdksc. (Wdhsant, ?<<?)
F. \ctme
tmedsdm
dsdmam
amg
gd
\nrdstdwc pctmedsdmamgdk ychg tnrbcfd sntnac` mostruksd usus cfcac` scjc,
tchpc
tchpc jnjchf
jnjchfchg
chg cpckc`
cpckc` mo
mostru
struksd
ksd tnrsno
tnrsnout
ut fdckdo
fdckdoctk
ctkch
ch man`
man` pnhyno
pnhynoco
co
jnkchd
jnkchdk
k ctcu
ctcu euhgsd
euhgsdmhc
mhca.
a. \nronf
\nronfcch
cch utcjch
utcjchyc
yc pcfc
pcfc mo
mostru
struksd
ksd pcrcad
pcrcadtdk
tdk
fdjchc pcrcadtdk fd`cjoct fcrd pnrjuacch, snfchgkch pcfc mostruksd jnkchds
pnrdstcatdi juac-juac fdpnrkuct, knjufdch dhtnrjdtnh, fch ck`drhyc `dachg.
Aujnh usus ychg tnrsujoct snicrc prmgrnsde ckch tngchg man` icdrch
fch gcs 37<% fcrd gcs ychg fdtnach) ckdoct pnhdhgkctch tnkchch dhtrc aujnh,
ychg jnhuruhkch pnhgcadrch cdr fch hctrduj fcrd aujnh usus kn fcrc`. Man`
kcrnhc dtu snkdtcr 0 adtnr icdrch fdsnkrnsd knfcacj scaurch inrhc sntdcp `crd,
tdfc
tdfck
k cf
cfch
chyc
yc co
cosm
smro
ross fc
fcpc
pctt jnhg
jnhgck
ckdo
doctk
ctkch
ch pn
pnhd
hdjo
jouh
uhch
ch dh
dhtr
trcc sujo
sujonr
nr
kn`dachgch
kn`dachgch utcjc icdrch fch nanktrmadt.
nanktrmadt. \nhgcru`
\nhgcru` ctcs kn`dachgch
kn`dachgch icdrch fch
nanktr
nanktrmad
madtt cfcac`
cfcac` pnhidu
pnhidutch
tch ruchg
ruchg icdrch
icdrch nkstrc
nkstrc sna ychg
ychg jnhgck
jnhgckdoct
doctkch
kch
`n
`njm
jmkm
kmhs
hsnh
nhtr
trcsd
csd,, `dpm
`dpmvm
vman
anjd
jdc,
c, dh
dhsu
sueds
edsdn
dnhs
hsdd gd
gdhb
hbca
ca,, symk
symk-`
-`dp
dpmt
mtnh
nhsd,
sd,
pnhgurchgch iurc` bchtuhg, pnhuruhch pnreusd bcrdhgch, csdfmsds jntcomadi
fch knjctdch odac tdfck fdkmrnksd.

6
N. \njn
\njnrd
rdks
kscc
cch
h \nhu
\nhuhb
hbch
chg
g
3. \n
\njn
jnrd
rdks
kscc
cch
h rcfd
rcfdma
mamg
mgdd
c. Emtm
mtm pmam
mams co
cofm
fmjn
jnh
h
Fnhg
Fnhgch
ch pmsd
pmsdsd
sd tnra
tnranh
nhtc
tchg
hg fc
fch
h tn
tngc
gck
k (act
(actnr
nrca
ca fn
fnku
kuod
odtu
tus)
s)
jnjpnrad`ctkch fdactcsd anhgkuhg usus `caus fdsnrtcd cfchyc octcs
chtcrc cdr fch ufcrc ctcu gcs (cdr-eaudf anvna) ychg jnjonhtuk pmac
ocgcdkch tchggc.
o. \njnrdkscch rcfdmamgd fnhgch Ocrduj Nhnjc
Jnjpuhycd suctu pnrch tnroctcs pcfc pcsdnh fnhgch mostruksd
usus `caus. \nhgubdch Nhnjc Ocrduj tnrutcjc snkcad onrjchecct bdkc
suctu mostruksd antck rnhfc` ychg tdfck fcpct pcfc pnjnrdkscch emtm
pmams cofmjnh. \cfc chck-chck fnhgch dhtussusinpsd, pnjnrdkscch
nhnjc ocrduj tdfck `chyc snocgcd fdcghmstdk tntcpd bugc juhgkdh
snocgcd tnrcpd.
i. IV ’ Yich
\njnrdkscch dhd fdknrbckch bdkc snicrc kadhds fch emtm pmams
cofmjnh fdiurd
rdg
gcd cfchyc str
strchguacs
csdd. IV’Yich ckch
jnjpnr
jnjpnrtuh
tuhbuk
bukkch
kch snicrc
snicrc anod`
anod` tna
tnadtd
dtd cfchyc
cfchyc knacdh
knacdhch-
ch-kna
knacdh
cdhch
ch
fdhf
fdhfdh
dhg
g us
usus
us,, jnsnh
jnsnhtn
tnrd
rdku
kus,
s, fc
fch
h pn
pnrd
rdtm
tmhn
hnuj
uj.. IV’
IV’ Yi
Yich
ch `c
`cru
russ
fdacku
fdackukch
kch fnhgch
fnhgch jnjcsu
jnjcsukkc
kkch
h zct km
kmhtr
htrcs
cs knfcac
knfcacj
j pnjoua
pnjouau`
u`
fcrc`. \cfc pnjnrdkscch dhd fcpct fdkntc`ud fnrcbct fch amkcsd fcrd
mostruksd.
f. ^YG
\njn
\njnrdk
rdkscc
scch
h dh
dhdd ck
ckch
ch jnjp
jnjpnrt
nrtuh
uhbu
bukk
kkch
ch gc
gcjo
jocrc
crch
h fc
fch
h
pnhynoco fcrd mostruksd.
n. J_D
Wcacupuh pnjnrdkscch dhd fcpct fdguhckch, tntcpd tn`hdk fch
kmhtrcs ychg cfc snkcrchg dhd onauj snicrc pnhu` jcpch. Vn`hdk dhd
fdguhckch uhtuk jnhgnvcaucsd dsknjdc jnsnhtnrdk krmhds.

>
 e. Chgdmgrced
Chgd
Chgdmg
mgrc
rced
ed jnsn
jnsnht
htnr
nrdk
dk su
supn
pnrd
rdmr
mr tn
tnac
ac`
` fd
fdgu
guhc
hckc
kch
h uh
uhtu
tuk
k
jnhfdc
jnhfdcghm
ghmsds
sds cfchy
cfchycc `nrhdc
`nrhdcsd
sd dhtnrh
dhtnrhca,
ca, dhtussu
dhtussusinp
sinpsd,
sd, vmavua
vmavuaus,
us,
jcarmtctdmh, fch cf`nsd.
?. \n
\njn
jnrd
rdks
kscc
cch
h acom
acomrc
rctm
tmrd
rduj
uj
Anukms
Anukmsdtm
dtmsds
sds juhgkd
juhgkdh
h jnhuhb
jnhuhbukk
ukkch
ch cfchyc
cfchyc strchgu
strchguacsd
acsd,, pcfc
pcfc
urdhca
urdhcadsc
dsc juhgk
juhgkdh
dh jnhuhb
jnhuhbukk
ukkch
ch fn`dfr
fn`dfrcsd.
csd. Chcads
Chcadscc gcs fcrc`
fcrc` fcpct
fcpct
jnhg
jnhgdh
dhfd
fdkc
kcsdk
sdkch
ch cs
csdf
dfms
msds
ds ctcu
ctcu ca
cakc
kcam
amsd
sdss jntc
jntcom
omadi
adi.. (Oru
(Oruhh
hhnr
nr ch
chf
f
Yuffcrt`,?<<?)
E. \nhctc
hctcac
acks
ksc
chcch
hcch
Fcscr
Fcscr pn
pnhg
hgmo
moct
ctch
ch danu
danuss mo
most
stru
ruks
ksdd cf
cfca
cac`
c` km
kmrn
rnks
ksdd kn
knsnd
sndjo
joch
chgc
gch
h
nank
nanktr
trma
madt
dt fc
fchi
hicdr
cdrch
ch,, jnhg
jnhg`d
`dac
achg
hgkc
kch
h pn
pnrn
rngc
gchg
hgch
ch fc
fch
h juht
juhtc`
c` fn
fnhg
hgch
ch
fnkmjp
fnkmjprnsd
rnsd,, jnhgct
jnhgctcsd
csd pnrdtm
pnrdtmhdt
hdtds
ds fch symk
symk odac
odac cfc,
cfc, fch jnhg`d
jnhg`dach
achgkc
gkch
h
mostruksd uhtuk jnjpnrocdkd knachgsuhgch fch euhgsd usus knjocad hmrjca.
3. _nsusdtcsd
Fcacj rnsusdtcsd ychg pnrau fdpnr`ctdkch cfcac` jnhgcwcsd tchfc -
tchfc vdtca, fn`dfrcsd fch symk. \csdnh ychg jnhgcacjd danus mostruksd
jnhgcacjd fn`dfrcsd fch gchgguch knsndjochgch nktrmadt sn`dhggc pnrau
fdonrdkch icdrch dhtrcvnhc snpnrtd rdhgnr acktct. _nspmh tnr`cfcp tnrcpd
fcpct fdad`ct fnhgch jnjmhdtmr tchfc -tchfc vdtca fch bujac` urdh ychg
knaucr. Ynacdh pnjonrdch icdrch dhtrcvnhc,fdpnraukch bugc pnjcschgch
hcsmgcstrdi tuon (HGV). HGV fdguhckch uhtuk jnhgmsmhgkch acjouhg,
jnhing
jnhingc`
c` cspdrcsd
cspdrcsd puajmh
puajmhuj
uj odac
odac juhtc
juhtc`
` fchjnh
fchjnhgur
gurchg
chgdd fdstnh
fdstnhsd
sd
cofmjnh.
?. Ecrjckmamgds
\njonr
\njonrdch
dch mo
moct-m
ct-moct
oct chtdod
chtdodmtd
mtdk
k spnktr
spnktruj
uj aucs
aucs fcpct
fcpct fdonrdk
fdonrdkch
ch
snocgcd prmedacksds. Chtdnjntdk fcpct fdonrdkch uhtuk jnhgurchgd gnbcac
juca juhtc`.
9. Mpnrctde
Mpnrcsd
Mpnrcsd fdackukch
fdackukch sntnac` rn`dfrcsd fch fnkmjprnsd
fnkmjprnsd hcsmgcstrdk
hcsmgcstrdk
uhtuk
uhtuk jnhing
jnhingc`
c` snpsds
snpsds snkuhf
snkuhfnr.
nr. Mpnrcsd
Mpnrcsd fdcwca
fdcwcadd fnhgch
fnhgch acpcrm
acpcrmtmj
tmjdd
knjufdch fdsusua fnhgch tnkhdk onfc` ychg fdsnsucdkch fnhgch `csda

5
 nk
nksp
spam
amrcs
rcsdd snacj
snacjcc acpc
acpcrm
rmtm
tmjd
jd.. Onrd
Onrdku
kutt dh
dhdd on
onon
onrcp
rcpcc km
kmhf
hfds
dsdd ct
ctcu
cu
pnrtdjochgch uhtuk fdackukch mpnrcsd 2 Bdkc mostruksdhyc onr`uouhgch
fnhgch
fnhgch suctu
suctu sdjpan
sdjpan mostru
mostruksd
ksd ctcu
ctcu cf`nsd
cf`nsd,, jckc
jckc tdhfck
tdhfckch
ch adsds
adsds ychg
ychg
fdchburkch. Bdkc tnrbcfd mostruksd stchguacsd jckc rnsnksd dhtnstdhca schgct
fdpnraukch. \cfc ujujhyc fdknhca 6 jcicj icrc/tdhfckch onfc`ychg
fdackukch pcfc mostruksd danus 2
c. Kmrn
Kmrnks
ksdd sn
snf
fnr
nr`
`chc
chc (s
(sdj
djpa
pann im
imrr
rrni
nitd
tdmh
mh),
), ycd
cdtu
tu tdhf
tdhfck
ckch
ch onf
nfc`
c`
snfnr`
snfnr`chc
chc uhtuk
uhtuk jnjono
jnjonocsk
cskch
ch usus
usus fcrd
fcrd bnpdtc
bnpdtch,
h, jdscah
jdscahyc
yc pcfc
pcfc
`nrhdcc dhicrinrctc
`nrhd dhicrinrctc hmh-strchgu
hmh-strchguacsd,
acsd, bnpdtch
bnpdtch man` strnhg/cf`n
strnhg/cf`nsd
sd ctcu
pcfc vmavuaus rdhgch.
o. Vdhfckch mpnrctde oy-pcss, ycdtu tdhfckch jnjouct scaurch usus
ocru ychg ‑jnanwctd‚ ocgdch usus ychg tnrsujoct, jdscahyc pcfc
tujmr dhtrcaurhdhca, Irm`h fdsncsn, fch snocgcdhyc.
i. Jnjouc
Jnjouctt edstuac
edstuac nhtnrm
nhtnrm-iu
-iutch
tchnus
nus pcfc
pcfc ocgdch
ocgdch prmxd
prmxdjca
jca fcrd
fcrd tnjpct
tnjpct
mostruksd,jdscahyc pcfc Ic stcfduj achbut.
f. Jnacku
Jnackukch
kch rnsnk
rnsnksd
sd usus
usus ychg tnrsu
tnrsujoc
joctt fch jnjou
jnjouct
ct chcstmj
chcstmjmsd
msdss
ubuhg-ubu
ubuhg-ubuhgusu
hgususs uhtuk jnjpnrtc`c
jnjpnrtc`chkch
hkch kmhtdhudt
kmhtdhudtcs
cs aujnh usus,
jdsca
jdscahy
hycc pc
pcfc
fc ic
icrid
ridhm
hmjc
jc im
imam
amh,
h, dh
dhvc
vcgd
gdhc
hcsd
sd,, strch
strchgu
guac
actc
tc,, fc
fch
h
snocgcdhyc. \cfc ononrcpc mostruksd danus, kcfchg-kcfchg fdackukch
tdhfck
tdhfckch
ch mpnrctd
mpnrctdee onrtc`
onrtc`cp,
cp, ocdk
ocdk man`
man` kcrnhc
kcrnhcpnh
pnhyck
yckdth
dthyc
yc snhfdrd
snhfdrd
jcupuh
jcupuh kcrnhc
kcrnhc kncfcc
kncfcch
h pnhfnr
pnhfnrdtc
dtchyc
hyc,, jdscah
jdscahyc
yc pcfc
pcfc Icsdgjm
Icsdgjmdf
df
mostru
mostruktd
ktde,
e, juac-j
juac-juac
uac fdacku
fdackukch
kch kmamst
kmamstmjd
mjd scbc,
scbc, knjufd
knjufdch
ch `crd
`crd
fdackukch rnsnksd usus fch chcstmjmsds. (Ycocrc, ?<<7).
G. Kmjpadkcsd
3. \nrd
\nrdtm
tmhd
hdtd
tdss kc
kcrnh
rnhcc co
cosm
smro
rosd
sd tm
tmks
ksdh
dh fc
fcac
acj
j rm
rmhg
hggc
gc pn
pnrd
rdtm
tmhd
hduj
uj sn`dh
sn`dhgg
ggcc
tnrbcfd pnrcfchgch ctcu dhenksd ychg `noct pcfc dhtrc cofmjnh.
?. \nre
\nremr
mrcsd
csd fdkcr
fdkcrnh
nhck
ckch
ch mo
mostr
struk
uksd
sd yc
ychg
hg sufc
sufc`
` tnrbc
tnrbcfd
fd tn
tnrac
racau
au acjc
acjc pc
pcfc
fc
mrgch dhtrc cofmjnh.
9. Ynpsds,
Ynpsds, dhenk
dhenksd
sd ckdoct
ckdoct fcrd pnrdtm
pnrdtmhdt
hdtds,
ds, ychg
ychg tdfck
tdfck tnrtchgc
tnrtchgchd
hd fnhgch
fnhgch ocdk
ocdk
fch inpct.
6. Yymk
Yymk `dpm
`dpmvm
vman
anjd
jdk
k tnrb
tnrbcf
cfdd ckdo
ckdoct
ct fn
fn`d
`dfr
frcs
csdd fc
fch
h kn
kn`d
`dac
achg
hgch
ch vm
vmau
aujn
jn
pacsjc.(Oruhhnr chf Yuffcrt`, ?<<3)
?<<3)

7
 OCO DDD
KMHYN\ FCYC_ CY^@CH KN\N_CWCVCH

C. \nhgkcbdch
\nhgkcbdch
\nhgkcbdch cfcac` tc`cp cwca fcrd prmsns knpnrcwctch
knpnrcwctch fch jnrupckch
jnrupckch
upcyc
upcyc uhtuk
uhtuk pnhguj
pnhgujpua
puach
ch fctc
fctc snicrc
snicrc anhgkc
anhgkcp
p fch sdstnjc
sdstnjctds
tds juacd
juacd fcrd
fcrd
pnhgujpuach fctc, dfnhtdtcs fch nvcaucsd stctus knsn`ctch kadnh. (Hurscacj,
?<<3).
3. Dfnhtdtcs
Odmfctc kadnh ychg pnhtdhg jnadputd hcjc, ujur, bnhds knacjdh,
cgcjc, suku fch gcyc `dfup.
?. _dw
_dwcyct
cyct kns
nsn`
n`ct
ctch
ch
c. Knau`ch utcjc .
Knau`ch utcjc cfcac` knau`ch ychg fdrcsckch kadnh pcfc scct
fdkcbd. \cfc ujujhyc ckch fdtnjukch kadnh jnrcsckch hynrd pcfc
cofmjn
cofmjnhhy
hhycc odcsch
odcschyc
yc tnrus
tnrus jnhnru
jnhnrus,
s, fnjcj,
fnjcj, hynrd
hynrd tnkch
tnkch anpcs,
anpcs,
cofmjnh tngchg fch kcku.
o. _dwcyct knsn`ctch snkcrchg
Jnhgu
Jnhguhgk
hgkcpk
cpkch
ch `ca-`c
`ca-`caa ychg
ychg jnhyno
jnhynocok
cokch
ch kadnh
kadnh jnhicrd
jnhicrd
pnrtmamhgch, fdkcbd fnhgch jnhgguhckch
jnhgguhckch pnhfnkctch \S_YV 2
\ 2 Cpc ychg jnhynocokch tdjouahyc knau`ch.
S 2 Ocgcdjch knau`ch fdrcsckch man` kadnh, cpckc` `dachg, tdjoua
ctcu tnru-jnhnrus.
_ 2 Fd fcnrc` jchc gnbcac fdrcsckch
Y 2 Ynonrcpc knpcrc`ch ychg fdrcsckch kadnh fnhgch jnjckcd skcac
hujnrdi 3 s/f 3<.
V 2 Kcpch knau`ch tdjoua, snkcadgus ecitmr ychg jnjpnronrct fch
jnjpnrdhgch knau`ch.
i. _dwc
_dwcyc
yctt k
kns
nsn`
n`ct
ctch
ch jcsc
jcsc acau
acau
\nrau
\nrau fdkcbd
fdkcbd cpckc`
cpckc` kadnh
kadnh pnrhc`
pnrhc` jnhfnr
jnhfnrdtc
dtc pnhyck
pnhyckdt
dt ychg
ychg
scjc, rdwcyct kntnrgchtuhgch tnr`cfcp jckchch/jdhujch, zct fch
moct-moctch.

0
 f. _dwc
_dwcyc
yctt knsn
knsn`c
`ctc
tch
h knau
knaucr
crgc
gc
Cpckc` cfc chggmtc knaucrgc ychg jnjpuhycd pnhyckdt ychg
scjc fnhgch kadnh.
9. \njnr
nrddksc
sch
h ed
edsd
sdk
k
c. Cktd
Cktdv
vdtcs
dtcs/d
/dst
stdr
drc`
c`ct
ct
Gnbcac 2 Knanac`ch fch hgchtuk.
Vchfc 2 Knsuadtch
Knsuadtch cjouacsd
o. Ydrkuacsd
Gnbcac 2 Vckdkcrfdc, puict, `dpmtnhsd ( tchfc symk)
i. Nadjdhcsd
Gnbcac 2 Fdstnhsd cofmjnh, kntdfckjcjpuch fnenkcsd fch Eactus
Vchfc 2 \nruoc`ch wcrhc urdhn fch enins
f. Jckch
chcch/icdrc
rch
h
Gnbcac 2 chmrnksdc,juca/juhtc` fch `cus tnrus jnhnrus.
Vchfc 2 juhtc` onrwcrhc `dtcj fch enkca. Jnjorch jukmsc pnic`-
pnic`. Kuadt ouruk.
n. Hynrd/Knhycjc
cjchch
Gnbcac 2 Hynrd cofmjnh
cofmjnh tnrcsc snpnrtd gnamjochg
gnamjochg fch onrsdect kmadk.
Vchfc 2 Fdstnhsd
Fdstnhsd cofmjnh
cofmjnh fch hynrd tnkch
e. \nrhcpcsch
Gnbcac 2 \nhdhgkctch ernkunhsd pnrhcecsch,
Vchfc 2 Hcpcs pnhfnk fch fchgkca
6. Chcadsc fc
fctc
Vcona 9.3 Chcadsc Fctc
Yyjptmj Ntdmamgd \rmoanj
FY 2 Fdstnhsd cofmjnh fch Hynrd ckut
Jnhgnau` hynrd cfchyc snachg
FM 2 Hcsmgcstrdk tuon/
3. Vcjpck
Vcjpck jnrdhg
jnrdhgdsds usus.
?. Onrsdk
Onrsdkcpcp prmt
prmtnkt
nktde
de
9. Ernkun
Ernkunhsd
hsd hcfd
hcfd jnhdhgkc
jnhdhgkctt
6. Vnkchc
Vnkchch h fcrc` jnhdh
jnhdhgkc
gkctt
FY 2 Mutput oonnranod`ch Fnedsdt hu
hutrdsd
3. Hy
Hynr
nrdd cofm
cofmjn
jnhh
?. Hcesu
Hcesu jckc
jckchh jnhur
jnhuruhuh
FM 2
3. Onrct
Onrct ocfc
ocfchh jnhur
jnhuruhuh

4
 ?. Odsdhg
Odsdhg usus
usus `dpn
`dpnrck
rcktde
tde
9. Mtmt
Mtmt jnhna
jnhnach
ch anjc
anjc` `
6. Jnjorc
Jnjorchnhn jukms
jukmscc puict
puict
>. Ynruj
Ynruj caou
caoujdh
jdh turuh
turuh
5. Fdcr
crnn
Yujonr 2 YFKD Nfdsd 3 (?<35)
( ?<35)

O. Fd
Fdcg
cghm
hmsc
sc Knpn
Knpnrc
rcwc
wctc
tch
h
Jnhu
Jnhuru
rutt fdcg
fdcghm
hmsds
sds kn
knpn
pnrc
rcwc
wctch
tch YFKD
YFKD Nfds
Nfdsdd 3 (?
(?<3
<35)
5),, fd
fdcg
cghm
hmsc
sc
knpnrcwctch ychg fcpct fdcjoda pcfc pcsdnh fnhgch csjc cfcac` 2
3. Hynr
Hynrdd ck
ckut
ut o/f fdstnh
fdstnhsd
sd co
cofm
fmjn
jnh
h fc
fch
h cf
cfch
chyc
yc snachg
snachg Hcsmg
Hcsmgcst
cstrd
rdk
k tu
tuon
on//
usus.
?. Fned
Fnedsdt
sdt hut
hutrd
rdsd
sd o/f
o/f mutp
mutput
ut onr
onrano
anod`
d`ch
ch
I. Dhtn
Dhtnrv
rvnh
nhsd
sd Knpn
Knpnrc
rcwc
wctc
tch
h
Vcona 9.? _nhichc Knpnrcwctch
@crd/ Hm Vubuch fch krdtnrdc `csda Dhtnrvnhsd
Vchggca FP (YAKD Nfdsd 3 Intckch DD, ?<34) (YDKD Nfdsd 3 Intckch DD ?<30)
3 Yntnac` fd
fdackukch tdtdhfckch 3. Dh
Dhfn
fntd
tded
edkc
kcsd
sd am
amkc
kcsdsd,,
knpnrwctch fd`crcpkch hynrd kcrcktnrdstdk, furcsd,
jnhuruh fnhgch krdtnrdc `csda 2 ernkunhsd, kucadtcs,
3. Knau`c
Knau`ch h hynrd
hynrd jnhuru
jnhuruhh dhtnhsdtcs hynrd
?. Jnrdhgd
Jnrdhgdss jnhuru
jnhuruh h ?. Dh
Dhfn
fntd
tded
edkc
kcsd
sd sk
skca
cacc hyn
hynrdrd
9. Ydkcp
Ydkcp prmtnkt
prmtnktde
de jnhuruh
jnhuruh 9. Dhfn
Dhfntd
tded
edkc
kcsd
sdrns
rnspm
pmh h hyhynr
nrdd hm
hmh
h
6. Ernkun
Ernkunhsd
hsd hcfd
hcfd jnjocd
jnjocdk k vnroca
>. Vnkchc
Vnkchch h fcrc`
fcrc` jnjoc
jnjocdkdk 6. Onrd
Onrdkc
kchh tnk
tnkhhdk hm
hmh h
ecrjckmamgds uhtuk
jnhgurchgd rcsc hynrd
(jds VNHY, `dphmsds,
ckkuprnssurn, tnrcpd jusdk,
faa)

>. Kmht
Km htrm
rmaa adhg
jnjpnronrctadhgku
kuhghgch
rcscch ych
ychg
hynrd g
5. Ec
Ecsd
sdad
adtc
tcsd
sd dst
dstdr
drc`
c`ct
ct tdf
tdfur
ur
7. Chbu
Chburkrkch
ch jnj
jnjmh mhdt
dtmr
mr hyn
hynrd rd
snicrc jchfdrd
0. Chbu
Chburkrkch
ch jnhg
jnhggu guhc
hckc
kchh
chcagntdk snicrc tnpct
4. Cbcrkrkcch tnkhdk
hmhecrjckmamgds uhtuk
jnhgurchgd hynrd
3<. Kmacom
Kmacomrcsd
rcsd pnjonr
pnjonrdch dch
chcagntdk bdkc pnrau
? Yntnac` fd
fdackukch td
tdhfckch 3. Df
Dfnh
nhtd
tdedk
edkcsd
csd stct
stctus
us hut
hutrds
rdsdd
knpnrcwctch fd`crcpkch ?. Df
Dfnh
nhtd
tdedk
edkcsd
csd jck
jckch chch
ch ych
ychg g
knsndjochgch icdrch fcpct fdsukcd

3<
 fdpnrtc`chkch fcacj octcs 9. Jmhd
Jmhdtmtmrr onrc
onrctt o
ocf
cfch
ch
hmrjca, fnhgch krdtnrdc `csda 2 6. Acku
Ackukckchh mrca
mrca `yg
`ygdh
dhnn
3. Hces
Hcesu u jckc
jckch h jnjo
jnjocd
cdk
k >. Yc
Ycbd
bdkc
kchh jck
jckchchchch snicr
snicrcc
?. Hynrd
Hynrd cofmjn
cofmjnh h jnhu
jnhuruh
ruh jnhcrdk fch su`u ychg
9. Onrc
Onrctt ocfc
ocfch h jnjo
jnjocd
cdk
k snsucd
6. Od
Odsd
sdhg
hg usu
ususs jnjo
jnjocd
cdk
k 5. Onrd
Onrdkc
kchh jckc
jckchc hch
h tdhgg
tdhggdd snrct
snrct
>. Jnjorc
Jnjorchn hn jukmsc
jukmsc jnjocd
jnjocdkk 7. Onrd
Onrdkc
kchh jck
jckchchch
ch tdhg
tdhggd
gd
5. Fcdr
Fcdrnn jnh
jnhururuh
uh kcamrn fch prmtndh
0. Onrd
Onrdkc
kchh supa
supanj
njnhnh jck
jckchchch
ch
4. Chbu
Chburkrkch
ch fdfdnt
nt yc
ychg
hg fd
prmgrcjkch
3<. Kmacomrcsd
Kmacomrcsd pnjonrd
pnjonrdch ch
jnfdkcsd snonauj jckch
33. Kmacomrcsd
Kmacomrcsd fnhgch
fnhgch c`adc`ad gdzd
fnhgch jnhnhtukch bujac`
kcamrd fch bnhds hutrdnht ychg
fdoutu`kch

F. Vd
Vdhf
hfck
ckch
ch Knpn
Knpnrc
rcwc
wctc
tch
h

Jnrupckch tc`cp kn njpct fcacj tc`cp prmsns knpnrcwctch fnhgch

jnackschckc
jnackschckch
h onrocgcd
onrocgcd strctngd
strctngd knpnrcwctch
knpnrcwctch (tdhfckch knpnrcwctch
knpnrcwctch)) ychg
tnac`
tnac` fdrnhi
fdrnhichc
chckch
kch fcacj
fcacj rnhich
rnhichcc knpnrc
knpnrcwct
wctch.
ch. Fcacj
Fcacj tc`cp
tc`cp dhd pnrcwc
pnrcwctt
`c
`cru
russ jnhg
jnhgntc
ntc`u
`udd on
onro
rocg
cgcd
cd `c
`caa fdch
fdchtcr
tcrch
chyc
yc oc
oc`c
`cyc
yc-o
-oc`
c`cy
cycc edsdk
edsdk fc
fch
h
pnradhfuhgh pcfc pcsdnh, tn`hdk kmjuhdkcsd, knjcjpuch fcacj prmsnfur
tdhfckch, pnjc`cjch tnhtchg `ck-`ck fcrd pcsdnh snrtc fcacj jnjc`cjd
tdhgkct pnrknjohgch pcsdnh (Hurscacj, ?<<5)
Jnhurut
Jnhurut Hurscacj,
Hurscacj, (?<<5)
(?<<5) Vdhfckch
Vdhfckch knpnrcwctch
knpnrcwctch jnhickup tdhfckch
tdhfckch
dhfnpnhfnht (jchfdrd), fch kmacomrcsd.

3. Vdhf
Vdhfck
ckch
ch jchf
jchfdrdrdd cf
cfca
cac`
c` ck
cktd
tdedt
edtcs
cs kn
knpn
pnrcw
rcwctc
ctch
h yc
ychg
hg fd
fdfc
fcscr
scrkc
kch
h pc
pcfc
fc
knsdjpuach ctcu knputusch snhfdrd fch oukch jnrupckch pntuhbuk ctcu
pnrdhtc` fcrd pntugcs knsn`ctch acdh.
?. Vdhf
Vdhfck
ckch
ch km
kmaco
acomr
mrcsd
csd cf
cfca
cac`
c` tdhf
tdhfck
ckch
ch yc
ychg
hg fd
fdfc
fcscr
scrkc
kch
h `c
`csda
sda kn
knpu
putu
tusc
sch
h
onrscjc snpnrtd fmktnr fch pntugcs knsn`ctch acdh.
N. Nvcaucsd
Nvca
Nvcauc
ucsd
sd cfca
cfcac`
c` tdhf
tdhfck
ckch
ch dhtn
dhtnan
ankt
ktuc
ucaa uh
uhtu
tuk
k jnan
jnanhg
hgkc
kcpd
pd pr
prms
msns
ns
knpnrcwctch ychg jnhchfckch snonrcpc bcu` fdcghmsc knpnrcwctch, rnhichc
tdhfckch fch pnackschcchhyc sufc` onr`csda fdicpcd (Hurscacj, ?<<5)

33
 Jnhuru
Jnhurutt Hursca
Hurscacj,
cj, (?<<5)
(?<<5) nvcauc
nvcaucsd
sd fdsusu
fdsusuh
h fnhgch
fnhgch jnhgg
jnhgguhc
uhckch
kch
YMC\ ychg mpnrcsdmhca fnhgch pnhgnrtdch2
Y 2 ^hgkcpch pnrcscch fch knau`ch ychg fdrcsckch snicrc moynktde man`
knaucrgc sntnac` fdonrdkch djpanjnhtcsd knpnrcwctch.
M 2 Knfcch suoynktde ychg fcpct fddfnhtdedkcsd man` pnrcwct jnhgguhckch
pnhgcjct ychg mobnktde sntnac` djpanjhctsd knpnrcwctch.
C 2 Jnrupck
Jnrupckch
ch chcads
chcadsds
ds pnrcwc
pnrcwctt sntnac`
sntnac` jnhgnt
jnhgntc`u
c`udd rnspmh
rnspmh suobnk
suobnktde
tde fch
jcscac`
jcscac` knaucrgc
knaucrgc ychg fdochfdhg
fdochfdhgkch
kch fnhgch krdntrdc
krdntrdc fch stchfcr ychg tnac`
fdtnhtukch jnhgciu pcfc tubuch rnhichc knpnrcwctch knaucrgc.
\ 2 \nrnhichcch snachbuthyc sntnac` pnrcwct jnackukch chcadsds pcfc tc`cp
dhd cfc ? nvcaucsd ychg fcpct fdackschckch man` pnrcwct.

3?
 FCEVC_ \^YVCKC

Oruhhnr & Yuffcrt`. ?<<?. Ouku Cbcr Knpnrcwctch Jnfdkca Onfc` Cad` Oc`csc
CguhgWcauym, fkk. Nfdtmr Jmhdic Nstnr, fkk. Nf. 0. Bckcrtc 2 NGI

Fmnhgmns, Jcryadh N & Jmmr`musn. ?<<<. _nhichc Csknp 2 \nfmjch uhtuk

\nrnhichcch
\nrnh ichcch fch \nhfmkuj
\nhfmkujnhtcsdc
nhtcsdch
h \nrcwctch
\nrcwctch \csdnh.
\csdnh. Nfdsd 9. Bckcrtc2
Bckcrtc2
NGI

Bufdt` J. Wdakdhsmh, Hchiy _. C`nrh. ?<<>. Ouku Ycku Fdcghmsds Knpnrcwctch,

Fdcghmsc HCHFC, Dhtnrvnhsd HDI, Krdtnrdc @csda HMI. Bckcrtc 2 NGI

\rdin & Wdasmh. ?<<7. \ctmedsdmamgd Kmhsnp Kadhds \rmsns-\rmsns \nhyckdt. Nfdsd
5, Umaujn3. Bckcrtc 2 NGI

Hurscacj. ?<<5. \rmsns fch Fmkujnhtcsd Knpnrcwctch 2 Kmhsnp fch

\rcktdk. Bckcrtc 2 Ycanjoc Jnfdkc.

Vdj \mkbc YFKD F\\ \\HD. ?<35. Ytchfcr Fdcghmsc Knpnrcwctch Dhfmhnsdc 2
Fnedhd
Fnedhdsd
sd fc
fch
h Dh
Dhfd
fdkc
kctm
tmrr Fd
Fdcg
cghm
hmst
stdk
dk.. Bc
Bckc
kcrt
rtcc 2 Fnwc
Fnwch
h \n
\nhg
hgur
urus
us \usct
\usct
\nrsctuch \nrcwct Hcsdmhca Dhfmhnsdc

Vdj \mkbc
\mkbc YAKD
YAKD F\\ \\HD. ?<34.
?<34. Ytchf
Ytchfcr
cr Aucrch
Aucrch Knpnrcw
Knpnrcwctc
ctch
h Dhfmhn
Dhfmhnsdc
sdc 2
Fnedhdsd fch Krdtnrdc @csda Knpnrcwctch. Bckcrtc 2 Fnwch \nhgurus \usct
\nrsctuch \nrcwct Hcsdmhca Dhfmhnsdc

Vdj \mkbc YDKD F\\ \\HD. ?<30. Ytchfcr Dhtnrvnhsd Knpnrcwctch Dhfmhnsdc 2
Fnedhd
Fnedhdsd
sd fch Vdhfck
Vdhfckch
ch Knpnrcw
Knpnrcwctc
ctch.
h. Bckcrtc
Bckcrtc 2 Fnwch
Fnwch \nhgur
\nhgurus
us \usct
\usct
\nrsctuch \nrcwct Hcsdmhca Dhfmhnsdc

39