Effects of E-Payment in Billing and Collection Efficiency in Camella Ellisande: An Assessment

UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI 1
UNDERGRADUATE SCHOOL
EFFECTS OF E-PAYMENT IN BILLING AND COLLECTION EFFICIENCY

IN CAMELLA ELLISANDE : AN ASSESSMENT
An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the

College of Business and Financial Sciences
University of Makati
J.P Rizal Extension, Brgy. West Rembo, Makati City
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Business Administration
Major in Building and Property Management
Submitted by:
Balasabas, Mary Jane
Binegas, Nicolas
Dela Cerna, Ina
Sumagaysay, Roxanne
Valle, Kimberly
MAY 28 2022
APPROVAL SHEET
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree in Bachelor of Science
and Business Administration Major in Building and Property Management, this
thesis titled “EFFECTS OF E-PAYMENT IN BILLING AND COLLECTION
EFFICIENCY IN CAMELLA ELLISANDE: AN ASSESSMENT" has been
prepared and submitted to the COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL
SCIENCES By Balasabas Mary Jane, Binegas, Nicolas, Dela Cerna, Ina,
Sumagaysay Roxanne, Valle, Kimberly G.
PROF. ROME SHERRIFF G. MONTOYA, MBA, DBA(c)

Research Adviser
Approved by the member of the panel on ________ with a

grade of ____
______EDUARDO MANAHAN______
Chairman
JOHN PAUL PASCUAL DIOSDADO DELA ROSA
Member Member
DR. NEMESIO BARBOZA, DBA, PhD

Head, Building and Property Management
DR. DENNIS A. SANDOVAL, CPA

Dean, College of Business and Financial Science
PROF. ROME SHERRIFF G. MONTOYA, MBA, DBA(c)
Research Adviser
Approved by the member of the panel on ___________ with a grade of ____.
EDUARDO MANAHAN
Chairman
JOHN PAUL PASCUAL DIOSDADO DELA ROSA

Member Member
DR. NEMESIO BARBOZA, DBA, PhD

Head, Building and Property Management
DR. DENNIS A. SANDOVAL, CPA

Dean, College of Business and Financial Science
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, praises and thanks be to God, the Almighty, for His
shower of blessings throughout our research work to complete the research
successfully.
We would like to express our deep and sincere gratitude to our research
adviser, Mr. Rome Sherriff Montoya, for providing invaluable guidance
throughout this research. He has taught us the methodology to carry out the
research and to present the research as clearly as possible. It was a great
privilege and honor to work and study under his guidance.
ABSTRACT
Title : Effects of e-payment in billing and collection

efficiency in Camella Ellisande: An Assessment
Researchers :Balasabas, Mary Jane

Binegas, Nicolas
Dela Cerna, Ina
Sumagaysay, Roxanne
Valle, Kimberly
Degree Earned: :Bachelor of Science in Business Administration

major in Building and Property Management.
School :University of Makati
Date Conferred :May 28, 2022
Adviser : Prof. Rome Sherriff Montoya
E-payment systems lead to excellence in the Billing and Collection

Cycle of Camella Ellisande with the potential of this payment method it helps
the property to increase their Billing and Collection Rate. This thesis presents
the findings of a study whose goal was to map out and analyze property
Billing and Collection practices.
The thesis examines the Effects of e-payment in billing and Collection

efficiency in Camella Ellisande : An Assessment. The research looks into the
processes of identifying, evaluating, and collecting Association Dues. This is a
more accurate representation of the effects of e-payment in Collecting Dues.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page……………………………………….……………………………………..……….....…1
Approval Sheet…………………….……………………………………………..……………......2
Acknowledgement……………….…………………..…………………………….……...………3
Abstract………………………………………………….……………………………….………….…4
Table of Contents……………………………..…………………………............................5
List of Tables…………………………………..….…………………………………………..….5-6
Chapter 1: The Problem and Its Background
Introduction ………………………………………………………………..…..….…..1-2
Background of the Study …………………………………………..……………….2-3
Conceptual Framework …………………………..………………….…………..…3-4
Statement of the Problem………………………………………………..………...4-5
Scope and Limitation of the Study ………………………..…………..….……….5
Significance of the Study ………………………………….…..……………………5-6
Definition of Terms …………………………………………………………………...6-7
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

Foreign Literature ………………………………………………………..………....8-17
Local Literature …………………………………………..…………………………18-30
Chapter 3: Research Methodology

Research Method.…………………………………………………………….…………31
Research Method Used………………………………………….………….…………31
Population………………………………………………………………………….………31
Description of Respondents.…………………………………………………………31
Instrument.…………………………………………………………..……………………32
Likert Scale…………………………………………………………………………………32
Level of Agreement…………………………………………………………………32-33
Verbal Interpretation……………………………………………………………………33
Data gathering procedures………………………………………………………33-34
Statistical Treatment of Data………………………………………..………………34
1. Slovin’s Formula………………………………………………….………………34-35
2. Frequency Distribution……………………………………………..………………35
3. Percentage……………………………………………………………..………………35
4. Weighted Mean…………………………………………………………………35-36
5. The Chi-Square (X2) test………………………………………….………………3
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
This chapter gives a basic overview of the topics covered in this thesis
and summarizes the following content and important research findings. This
chapter opens with a description of E-payment, Billing and Collection and
Association Dues and also a brief explanation of improving the collection fee
to be flexible on payments and always update their unit owners what are the
common problems they are facing adopting the new forms of collection via
online transaction. Philippines mostly do not require a bank account and can
be easily accessible using mobile phones. Systems such as Gcash and
Paymaya make it easier for Filipinos to use digital payment platforms.
Eliminating the requirement of the bank accounts, e-payment systems have a
strong potential in a low bank country like the Philippines. According to BSP
data, more Filipinos were adopting e-wallet or E-payment systems than credit
cards in 2018. Platforms such as GCash and PayMaya are options for Filipinos
to do digital transactions without physical cash and credit cards (Zoleta,2021).
Additional data also show that more Filipino are becoming aware of
contactless payment and see such services benefits. As a result, this study
proposes to investigate the factors affecting Tenants adoption to the E-
payment system. The researchers would like to identify what factors are
important for Tenants/Unit Owners to adopt such a system so the Property
Management can provide better assistance to Tenants/Unit Owners and
encourage them to use and create a habit of digital transactions. This
research aims to identify certain factors that affect the adoption of
Tenants/Unit Owners to use electronic payment systems.
In top of E-payment Transactions the researchers wants to focus in
Common Area Dues and that includes all of the Owner's expenses for
management, operation, repair, replacement, and maintenance to keep the
Leased Premises in good order, condition, and repair, including, but not
limited to: management fees; common area utilities; stormwater discharge
fees; license, permit, inspection, and other fees; fees and assessments
imposed by any covenants or owners' association; professional fees; security
services; costs in complying with any governmental law. Only the cost of any
capital improvement shall be amortized during the useful life of such
improvement (as reasonably determined by Landlord), and only the cost of
such improvement shall be amortized. In addition, common areas are not
owned by an individual owner of a condominium or cooperative of the condo
building, but shared by all owners, either by percentage interest or owned by
the management organization, in condominium and certain cooperative
housing developments. Recreation facilities, outdoor space, parking,
landscaping, fencing, laundry rooms, and any other jointly utilized place are
examples of common spaces. A homeowners' association or cooperative
board manages the property and collects assessments from the owners to
pay for upkeep, some insurance, maintenance, and reserves for replacement
of common-area amenities.
Background of the Study

The condominium was introduced in the Philippines in the early 1960s
by Ayala and then came property management. Property management, as a
profession, is quite new in the Philippines. With the relative occurrence of
devastating calamities and rampant criminalities, even a pandemic. Property
managers are faced with a big challenge on how they can mitigate, if not
eliminate, the risk on their respective staff and tenants.
The researcher decided to conduct this study due to knowing the effects of E-
payment in Billing and Collection in Camella Ellisande to be able to catch up
with the new normal in the Philippines when it comes on E-payment or Digital
Transaction and how it can help to reduce the possible risk that physical cash
or physical transaction can bring to the property. E-payment has a great
impact now in the condominium/ subdivision when it comes of paying of the
tenants to their dues other than that is to be able to specify if cashless
payment or cash payment will be more time efficient and effective to their
Tenants. The Researchers decided to conduct this study due to the timely
relevance of E-Payment to address the need for a program that the
researcher might encounter as a future property management practitioner.
Conceptual Framework
Billing and
The conceptual framework of the study used by the researchers to identify
Collection Proposed
of Through
the flow of the study is as follows:
recommendatio
Association Survey ns of e-
Questionnair payment in
DuesINPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
billing and
through E- es Collection
Payment· efficiency in
Comparative Camella
Analysis of Ellisande
Comparison E-Payment Identify the
of E- and Cash assessment
Payment Payment strategies of
and Cash the property
Payment in Relevance management
terms of of the about the
collecting Collection billing and
collection
Association during Post
efficiency
Dues(I) - The input
Input Pandemic
showed the billing and collection of Association Dues
digital platform
through E-Payment in Camella Ellisande property And Comparison of E-
transactions
Payment and Cash Payment in terms of collecting Association Dues.
Process (P) - The process indicates that survey questionnaires will be used
to gather data and information by acquiring the profile of the respondents as
well as the effects of e-payment in billing and collection efficiency in Camella
Ellisande property based on the available standards.
Output (O) - The output shows the result from the given responses
gathered through the survey questionnaire with regards to the given variables
in effects of e-payment in billing and collection efficiency in Camella Ellisande
property: An assessment. Feedback will be significant for the whole process
as the system is continuous and cyclical for future research that will be
conducted.
Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study is to determine the Effects of e-payment in
billing and collection efficiency
Specifically, this study sought answers to the following questions:
1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents
1.1 Name
1.2 Age
1.3 Gender
1.4 Civil Status
1.5 Income
2. What are the challenges that the tenants faced in terms of e-

payment
a. Security
b. System Issue
c. Trust
d. Accessibility
e. Cross Borders Transaction
3 . Is the E-payment effective to improve the billing and collection of

Camella Ellisande property in terms of:
a. Payment availability
b. Conveniency
c. Connection
d. Time Efficiency
e. Satisfaction
4. Is there a significant difference between the respondents effectiveness in

paying cash and e-payment in adopting cashless transactions?
5. Based on the Results of the Study, What recommendations can be

proposed to the Effects of e-payment in billing and Collection efficiency in
Camella Ellisande?
Scope and Limitation of the Study

The descriptive research approach is used by the researchers. Data will
be collected through survey questionnaires delivered to respondents of the
relevant property. The validity of the data acquired began with the
distribution, collection, and analysis of the questionnaires and continues until
the thesis is delivered for oral presentation. The researchers may encounter
many obstacles or hindrances before and during data collection that may
impact the validity and efficiency of the study and are beyond the
researchers' control. Such limits or hindrances include, but are not limited to:
(1) uncooperative survey respondents; (2) a lack of time on the part of the
researchers in obtaining data; and (3) a time constraint.
The accuracy of the results was totally dependent on the fairness of
the judgment, the thoroughness of the questionnaire, and the respondents'
honesty in answering the questionnaire.
Alternative Hypothesis
This study shows that electronic payments are far more efficient than
cash payments. By encouraging the use of cashless transactions, digital
transactions have an impact on Camella Ellisande's billing and collection
processes. It also shows a difference in the respondents' adoption of cashless
transactions using cash and electronic payments.
Significance of the Study

This study is significant for the following reasons:
The purpose of this study is to know the effects of e-payment in billing and
collection efficiency in camella ellisande
Tenants: This research study may be essential to tenants in a way that they
will be much informed in regards to their responsibility of paying their dues on
time in Condominium.
Property Management: This will also help the Management of the subject
property to be aware and agile that should any of the problems occur
especially when it comes on collecting their fee to use on a day to day basis
and it will help them to have an instant resolution just in case the issues that
they are facing happen again. It will also help them to have a higher
efficiency rate when it comes to Collection of Monthly Dues.
Researchers: The researchers wanted to assess the billing and collection

efficiency in the middle of post pandemic as perceived by the respondents.
The results of this study will help the property management to know if e-
payment is effective to cope up with the ever changing world. The
fulfillment of this assessment, through the use of questionnaires, will
determine the applicable course of action that the property management can
adopt and to have a relevant and comprehensive preparedness plan.
Likewise, it will also be useful for future researchers who wish to convey a
similar topic. It will also help the student of the Building and Property
Management program of the University of Makati, as future property manager
to be familiar and knowledgeable regarding the various risks of e-payment
transactions. This will also help the manager of the subject property to be
aware that should any risk occur in the future it will help them to have instant
resolution.
Definition of terms
The definitions of terms define the words that will be encountered in
the study according to how it was used in the study by the researchers.
● Arrears - Unpaid or overdue debt.

● Common Area - Areas that are available for common use of tenants.
● Common Area Dues - Fees paid by tenants used for the maintenance
and upkeep of Common Areas.
● Condominium - Private residence that is rented out to tenants.
● Condominium Corporation - Accountable for managing the units,
upholding building standards, and enforcing bylaws and regulations on
behalf of the interests of all condo owners.
● Covenant - An agreement between two parties
● E-Payment - Digital or electronic way of transferring funds.
● Property Manager - Accountable for monitoring the property's
continuous upkeep and guaranteeing tenant satisfaction.
● Property Management - Managing and supervising diverse real
estate properties, including those for commercial, industrial, and
residential use.
CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature
Foreign Literature
Nature of Condominium
In a Condominium, each unit owner shares ownership of the building's

common elements with all other unit owners, allowing for exclusive unit
ownership of common parts. Common property, facilities, and equipment are
all owned as part of a condominium unit and are an intrinsic element of it. As
a result of their countries' urbanization and population increase, some of the
ASEAN region's nations have passed laws specifically governing
condominiums. According to its laws, the legal owners are entitled to the use
of common property, facilities, and equipment. There are a number of
concerns regarding the intricacy of the creation process, the real estate
market, and the ownership of real estate. Me Me Linn (2016)
Gains and Pains of Instant Payments for Corporates
Instant payments are required because digitalization has altered

customer behavior. Instant payment solutions are described as electronic
payment services that are accessible 24/7/365 and enable real-time or almost
instantaneous crediting of the beneficiary account and interbank clearing.
Banks have been forced to expand their capacities in order to process
transactions in real-time and provide their customers with new instant
payment services as a result of the trend and expectation that payments be
made in real-time. As one of these banks, OP is motivated to add value
through quick payments for their large business clients. This study, which was
motivated by OP, looks at the projected customer value of instant payments
in business payment systems. Previous studies have demonstrated that
profitable businesses add value for their clients. The benefits and sacrifices
associated with a product are often netted out to determine its consumer
value. A corporation must comprehend the objectives of the client and the
requirements associated with the processes of the customer's value chain in
order to offer goods and services that add value for the customer. Nermes,
Anna (2018)
The Role of Fines and Fees on Probation Outcomes
It is usual practice to impose penalties and fees on probationers.

Different objectives are served by these financial penalties. While fees are
frequently used to recoup the costs of services supplied, fines are typically
employed for more punitive purposes. Payment of financial penalties is
frequently necessary as a probation requirement, regardless of financial
capability. Therefore, nonpayment may lead to violations and even
revocations. However, nothing is known about the precise mechanics of fines
and fees when it comes to probation. The current study examined both legal
and extralegal variables that affect the overall sum of fines and fees assessed
in particular cases, as well as how fines and fees affect whether probation is
revoked. The conclusions' implications center on how to enhance probation
officer practices and probation policies as they relate to the collection and
enforcement of monetary sanctions. Ebony Ruhland, Bryan Holmes, Amber
Petkus (2020)
Applying penalties to avoid delays in the Projects
The goal of a planner is to complete a project involving multiple

businesses. A penalty clause that mandates a payment per day if the firms do
not finish their tasks or the project by the deadline is frequently included in
the contract by the planner, for example the Spanish Administration. We go
over two options for adding such penalty clauses to contracts. In the first, the
fine only kicks in if the entire project is delayed. In the second, even if the
project is finished on schedule, each firm that experiences a delay is subject
to a fine. The utility of the planner is always at least as large or larger in the
second scenario, and the utility of the businesses is always at least as large or
larger in the first, according to our comparison of the two penalty systems.
The ideal penalty (for the planner) is larger in the second technique.
Surprisingly, the ultimate project delay has little to do with the penalty
scheme that is used. Gustavo Bergantinos, Leticia Lorenzo (2019)
Identifying and estimating the effects of a mandatory billing

demand charge
Distributors have started charging small and medium-sized consumers

for their short-term demand rather than just their energy use as peak
demand for power keeps rising. This is done in order to ensure that users are
charged for the expenses they incur, as well as to satisfy the political desires
for greater demand-side flexibility that are currently present in many parts of
the world. There are however very few studies on what the actual effects of
such pricing policies are, and those studies that do exist suffer from various
methodological flaws that reduce their validity as a basis for real-world policy
evaluations. This is because this type of users have only recently begun to be
subject to demand charges. This study, which uses novel two-level time series
models on retrospective observational consumption and survey data, offers
the first state-of-the-art causal analysis of the demand response effects of a
billing demand charge that was unintentionally introduced to small and
medium-sized users (35-63 A). Isak Ohrlund, Marten Schultzberg, Cajsa
Bartusch (2019)
The effects of immediate and delayed payments on consumption
behavior
Payment-timing is considered as a payment instrument focal element

that explains variations in customer purchasing behavior whether they choose
to pay now vs pay-later Consumer attitudes, beliefs, and reasons for
postponing or not delaying marketing transaction payments are represented
by payment-timing preferences. Cash, debit cards, and internet banking
represented customers' pay-now inclinations, but credit cards did not. Cards
and loans symbolized the propensity to pay later. There were four significant
findings:
Example: First, I provide payment-timing models that postulate customers'
choice of payment methods.
Payment kinds with varying payment time and motives to pay for goods
Two models are proposed that integrate the following attitudes and
motivations: (1) five attitudinal antecedents to customers' payment-timing
preferences: regulatory attention,heuristics, self-concept, perceived financial
restriction, and level of financial literacy; (2) five motives that explain
consumers' probability of purchasing using payment methods with payment-
timing differences: the pain of payment, the agony of mismatched payments
rewards orientation, debt aversion, and choice construal; and (3) moral
visualization obligation as a moderator to the agony of payment and
economic drive as a The moderator will award availability.
Second, while paying later, buyers were more likely to purchase.
In the context of high-dollar transactions, paying later (with credit cards)
versus paying now (with debit cards) purchases of $1200 or more
Furthermore, when it came to paying afterwards, buyers chose quality.
purchases vs purchasing numerous goods at the same price.
Third, no evidence was found to demonstrate the impact of payment pain on
Purchase probability of customers in the context of paying now using debit
cards vs Using credit cards to pay later Fourth, external stimulation of
consumer regulatory systems Focus influenced their payment type decision,
with variances in Payment time and purchase probability Promotion focus
resulted in pay-later preferences, whereas preventive focus resulted in pay-
now preferences. Also, The emphasis on promotion resulted in a higher
purchase probability versus preventative emphasis. Arvind Agrawal, Ph.D.
University of Nebraska, (2018)
A review of E-payment system in E-commerce
Business transactions are continuing to move away from cash-based

transactions and toward electronic-based transactions as a result of the
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) era and digital innovation.
The e-payment system was developed as a superior substitute for currency
and trade barter, not to completely replace cash. Electronic payments can be
thought of as a cashless payment method employing electronic media. An
essential component of e-commerce is the electronic payment system, or e-
payment. S Fatonah, A Yulandari, and Ferry Wahyu Wibowo (2018)
Demographic Influences on e-payment services
Information technology development enables the creation of electronic

payment (e-payment) systems, which allow for the exchange of goods and
services without the use of actual money. A non-cash or electronic payment is
one that is made via technology (Morgan, 2013). The ongoing expansion of e-
payment systems shows their ability to bring underserved and underprivileged
areas into the mainstream of financial services. As a result, an economy that
relied on currency would become a cashless one. Payment instruments can be
divided into two categories: cash and non-cash. Physical cash is typically
based on paper, whereas non-cash instruments are typically operated by
technological methods. Depending on the extent to which e-payment systems
are utilized, an economy may be largely cash- or non-cash-based (Tee & Ong,
2016)
Adopting E-payment Systems
Trading and settlement activities continue to be heavily cash-based in

many developing economies. For instance, according to the ratio of currency
held outside of banks in a few selected developed and developing countries,
Ghana had the highest currency to narrow money ratio at the end of 2014,
with a ratio of 39.96%, compared to Nigeria (20.77%), Gambia (33.46%),
Bulgaria (32.68%), Romania (33.64%), the United Kingdom (4.52%), and
Sweden (3.93%). (Bank of Ghana Annual Report, 2014). Adopting e-payment
methods has a number of advantageous effects on a country's economy. E-
payments systems, as opposed to conventional cash transactions, make
economic transactions simpler, offer speedier access to funds, and deter
robberies and other cash-related crimes (Oginni et al. 2013). (Armey et al.,
2014). Cash transactions, on the other hand, do not preserve written records
of the transfer of money, can encourage bribery and corruption, tax evasion,
and underbilling, and have very high risk implications. Additionally, printing
fresh notes and destroying damaged ones comes at a significant cost when
dealing in cash. However, advancements in the card payment system make it
possible to reduce the cost of money in circulation, which generates
substantial economic gains (Goczek & Witkowski, 2016)
The Future of the Mobile Payment as Electronic Payment System
When mobile payment systems have given users and businesses new
opportunities, they have also made them vulnerable to fresh dangers relating
to security and privacy issues. According to a mobile report to make security
an inherent component of online payment methods in the future, meticulous
preparation is necessary. In order for the market for mobile payments, mobile
phone makers, and telecom firms to succeed in the future and the payment
sector must cooperate so that a platform may be created that ensures the
best secure setting for making payments online. The use of mobile payment
systems is thought to have the capacity to address every significant issue
relating to this industry's security and privacy, as well as existing Recent
advances show that technologies are already in use (Oracle, 2014). Also
supported by the rising use of mobile payment methods developing markets
to establish infrastructure and a device penetration system that should
facilitate mobile transactions. Additionally, thanks to wearable technologies,
contactless payment options are also growing in popularity that provide a
quick, simple, and secure method of payment at multiple locations. The
wearable financial system covers a variety of Android or iOS smartphone
apps, smart watches, rings, wristbands, and so forth (Sacco, 2015)
Tenant assistance
Many property managers have decided to offer hardship relief to their

tenants. If you do offer any form of hardship relief, make sure to write down
clear criteria for it (i.e., must show proof of job loss or reduced hours, etc.)
and apply it equally to each resident to stay in compliance with fair housing
laws.
Potential relief efforts include:

-Forgiving late fees
-Postponing rent payments
-Offering additional payment plans
-Restructuring or allowing tenants to break their lease
These measures help to relieve some of the pressure currently put on tenants
and demonstrate your willingness to work with them, (Jones 2020)
Leasing Tools for the New Normal

Virtual technology can help you attract more prospects, show units,
and fill vacancies from anywhere. Some of the tools other property managers
have been relying on during this time include virtual showings, self-guided
showings, and AI technology. 71% of property management companies said
their priority for implementing virtual showings has increased. However, this
change is just not just a band-aid to a short-term problem, but a permanent
solution, as 64% of property management companies said they believe virtual
showings are here to stay. Prospects now expect to have access to digital
tools when interacting with leasing agents and to be able to self-serve.
Evidence has even shown that virtual showings are 2.4 times more likely to
be completed than in person showings. If you don’t already have technology
that enables you to conduct your leasing flow remotely, consider
implementing digital tools sooner rather than later. AppFolio’s Virtual
Showings allow you to host live 1:1 video walkthroughs of units, so you can
still maintain a human touch while showing prospects the space from afar. In
addition, AI technology such as AppFolio’s AI leasing assistant, Lisa can
quickly follow up with inquiries and schedule showings on your behalf. By
implementing these kinds of virtual technologies, you can convert more leads
into residents and free up your team from having to manually follow up with
each prospect and show units in-person. Cambridge Management Group has
already seen success in using AppFolio’s latest innovations. With Virtual
Showings, they have been able to move their entire leasing process online. As
a result, they have been able to stay busy during this time and maintain
occupancy, (By Appfolio 2020)
Can You Require Tenants to Pay Online?

Since we are required to practice social distancing, you may be

concerned if you accept payment in person. Does it mean that you can
mandate your residents to pay rent online or by mail? First, you must
carefully look into the lease agreement. For instance, your lease agreement
may state that rent could be paid in person or by mail. Thus, even in a
pandemic situation, you cannot mandate your residents to pay rent online.
However, you may encourage your residents to electronically deposit/transfer
rent payment. To encourage your residents to pay rent online, you should
also consider utilizing property management software that incorporates an
online payment platform and covering bank charges if any. The other
alternative is to install a rent drop box outside the property management
office to minimize contact with residents, Leung (2020)
Collecting fees electronically
Online payments make life easier for both the payor and the recipient.
There are many benefits and conveniences to using electronic payments for
condo fees and HOA dues. Associations are required to process thousands of
dollars from owners each year, and it’s far easier to manage monthly
payments when they’re not in check form. Instead of having to take money or
checks from owners, the association or corporation gives owners the ability to
cover fees using credit cards, pre-authorized debit, direct withdrawal,
electronic funds transfer and/or ACH payments. Depending on the options
available, owners can log into their online banking account, or owner
portal/account, and make a one-time payment or set up a recurring payment.
Owners can take care of more than their monthly dues. They can pay amenity
fees, make FOB or locker purchases, and even pay for repair fees if that
option is available to them. (Brown, 2021)
Successful adoption of smart card and e- payment system octopus
card in hongkong
Despite repeated attempts by financial institutions to adopt smart card
technology on a large scale, the technology remains fresh for customers and
merchants. Throughout the 1990s, VISA and MasterCard conducted smart
card testing in Hong Kong; however, the studies were regarded a failure and
were ultimately canceled. The Octopus card is an exception. It has become
one of the world's most successful electronic currency systems, with over 13
million Octopus cards in circulation, over nine million transactions each day,
and approximately 300 service suppliers in Hong Kong.Octopus Cards Limited,
a joint venture between Mass Transit Railway Corporation (MTRC) and other
Hong Kong transport companies such as Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation
(KCRC), Kowloon MotorBus (KMB), and CityBus, has won contracts to extend
Octopus-style systems to the Netherlands and Changsha, China. In this paper,
we explain why the Octopus card has been so successful in Hong Kong and
present a research methodology for studying the system's customer
acceptability. Pui Yuk Chan,et al, 2006
Adoption of electronic payment systems for rent collection in real

estate management in Kenya
The purpose of this study was to assess the use of e-payments in real
estate rent collecting in Kenya. A descriptive survey was employed to meet
the study's goal. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain primary
data. This study's population consisted of 75 real estate enterprises. Sixty
completed questionnaires were obtained out of the 75 administered for data
collection. This indicates an 80% response rate, which was deemed enough
representation of all real estate enterprises in Kenya. According to the survey,
use of electronic payments for rent collection in Kenyan real estate
enterprises is still low. Some of the barriers to electronic payment adoption
include a lack of confidence in e-payment system service providers,
transaction charges by e-payment systems, and the expenses associated with
electronic payment adoption and implementation in real estate enterprises.
The study also concluded that the drivers of electronic payment system
adoption for rent collection in Kenyan real estate enterprises were the
requirement for precise accounting of rent amount and flexibility in rent
collection.For a higher rate of acceptance, the report advises that the
problems impeding the use of electronic payment systems be solved by both
service providers and real estate management organizations. Real estate
enterprises must gain trust in their service suppliers, and service providers
must implement favorable transaction charges. Further study on the usage of
electronic payment methods for rent collecting in Kenya might be conducted
on other real estate players, such as landlords or renters. Muriithi, John N
2015
Problems of qualification of theft using electronic means of payment
For many years, one of the most prevalent crimes on the territory has
been stealing of other people's goods.
Russian Federation For example, according to the Russian Ministry of Internal
Affairs' website in 2016,
In 2017, our country had 871,084 theft cases and 208,926 frauds, compared
to 788,531 in 2016.
thefts and 222,772 frauds in 2017, 756,395 thefts and 215,036 frauds in
2018, and 774,159 thefts and 257,187 scams in 2019.
556,735 thefts and 247,592 scams from January to September 2020 (Ministry
of Justice website).
2020, Russian Federation's Internal Affairs). These numbers show a small
reduction in total.
a rise in the number of thefts and a rise in the number of scams Such
patterns may be imposed, among other things.
things, as a result of legal changes. The establishment of new legal relations
is determined by the company's technological progress.
Specifically, issues concerning the application of property rights in the digital
domain. However, this also applies.
leads to a violation of property rights For example, the Ministry's Main
Investigation Department
Russia's Ministry of Internal Affairs in the Sverdlovsk region finished an
investigation into a criminal case against
a citizen of Yekaterinburg, who embezzled money from consumers of an
internet shop. The examination
The scammer remotely acquired work as a consultant operator at an online
retailer at the end of 2018.
Her role was to assist clients. Her company provided her with a login and
password to use in the program. After gaining access to the system, the
attacker transferred funds from clients' accounts to her own.
The cost of illicit conduct topped one million rubles. The woman was charged
with a crime.
Part 3 of Article 158 of the Russian Federation's Criminal Code "Theft" and
Article 272 of the Russian Federation's Criminal Code
"Unauthorized access to computer information" (Website of the Russian
Federation's Criminal Code)
2020, Russian Federation Ministry of Internal Affairs). A.V. Beliakov (а)*, A.V.
Musaleva (b) et al. 2021
“Price Tag” of Risk of Using E-Payment Service

The researchers used a survey in this study to assess the notional

values of the overall risk, privacy risk, and financial risk of using a credit card
and an RFID-based E-payment service from risk-neutral and risk-averse
customers. The authors calculated the notional monetary value of the extra
privacy risk posed by providing personal and financial information to the E-
payment service and the differences in risk aversion of the two groups of
users using the known extra financial risk (in terms of monetary value) to be
faced by the users in using two different versions of an RFID-based E-
payment service.The findings may assist E-payment service developers in
designing better E-payment services based on a better understanding of the
value of personal data in the eyes of their customers, and therefore in
determining the proper incentives for recruiting consumers to utilize their
services. Kevin K. W. Ho Eric W. K. See-To et, Al 2020
Factors influencing adoption of e-payment systems: an empirical

study on Iranian customers.
The ability of internet technology to improve financial operations'

performance has had an impact on banking systems. The clients' sense of
security and trust is a key consideration for Internet banking systems. This
study offers an experimental assessment of crucial elements affecting
Iranians' faith in e-payments systems. A list of potentially important elements
that influence trust is created and divided into three main categories:
technical and transactional processes, accessibility to security policies, and
usability. An empirical study evaluates the components' direct effects on felt
trust as well as their indirect effects through perceived security. The
information is gathered from clients of several Iranian banks. It has been
discovered that using e-payment systems is positively impacted by both
perceived security and trust. According to the findings, technical and
transactional processes, as well as access to security policies, are the main
determinants of how customers perceive their level of trust in a company.
The results are also contrasted with those of subsequent studies with a
similar focus. The findings give decision-makers a roadmap for creating
appropriate solutions that can promote the adoption of e-payment systems.
Barkhordari, M., Nourollah, Z., Mashayekhi, H., (2016)
A Model of Factors Influencing Consumers Intention To Use E-
payment System in Indonesia.
Electronic payments, sometimes known as "e-payments," were created

to make e-commerce transactions between buyers and sellers easier. We will
look into consumer intent to use e-payment in this survey. In order to identify
the significant aspects that affect the acceptability of e-payment technology,
the proposed study model was built by including culture and perceived
security into the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT).
Researchers can better understand consumer behavior through this model by
taking into account not only how customers embrace new technology but also
other elements that are thought to have an impact on them, such as culture
and perceived security in the place of origin. Junadi,Sfenrianto (2015)
Local Literature
Assessing the Role of Information System Success in Consumer

Behavior in the Use of Mobile Payment in M-Commerce
Both businesses and customers have seen significant changes as a result

of the growth of m-commerce. The advantages of adopting a new system are
perceived by users depending on their assessment of the system, information,
and service quality. In one of the cities in the Cavite region, the researcher is
attempting to determine how the effectiveness of an information system
affects consumer behavior when using mobile payments for m-commerce.
The instrument used was a survey-questionnaire. Analysis of variance,
multivariate analysis of variance, and independent sample t-test were
considered as the statistical techniques that will help determine the consumer
behavior in the use of mobile payment in m-commerce. The study sample
consisted of 405 respondents using purposive and quota sampling with
descriptive quantitative design. The results of this study have several
significant ramifications for the usage of mobile payments in m-commerce
studies. Pelegrin (2021)
Automated Account Management System with System with SMS

Notification for RNCA
A brand-new, innovative business organization called Rebecca Nebres

Cepe Antonio (RNCA) is located in Davao City's Dona Segunda Complex. It is
a direct selling company and an authorized dealer of the Avon Company. The
knowledge, proficiency, and success the RNCA has amassed in franchising
distribution form the foundation of its core competency. The corporation is
exceptional at comprehending the dynamics, complexities, and needs
associated with multi-level marketing service businesses. Since they've been
in business for nine years, more and more individuals have become their
clients, and as a result, business transactions have slowed down to
accommodate everyone. Currently, they conduct manual tasks and work with
index cards, which slows down service delivery. As a result, they frequently
missed the date for submitting the report and generally failed to fulfill their
deadline. As a result, they are experiencing issues with the slow retrieval of
customer files and requests, poor monitoring of the company's productivity
updates, and a lack of ability to produce update reports, such as payments
due on time, which leads to bad monitoring. The creators of the Automated
Account Management System with SMS Notification made this decision in
response to these issues. The system was created using the Linear Sequential
Process Model to reduce issues with slow data retrieval of customer files and
to prevent the delayed generation of reports. Barrientos, Conarco, Dongiapon,
Dumag, Sisimar (2013)
CheckKoBayadKo: A Web Based Application for Tracking Student

Financial Transaction with Scheduled SMS Notification Using Cron
Job
Financial transactions are essential to any educational enterprise

because they provide the institution with the fuel it needs to provide
stakeholders with high-quality services and instruction. Sadly, the school has
encountered payment delays as a result of the inconsistencies in their
financial records. The researchers in this study presented a web-based
application that could track students' financial activities and send Jose Maria
College students and parents a pre-scheduled SMS message. The Iterative
Process Model and Constructive Method were the research and software
development methodologies employed by the researchers. Additionally, the
researchers employed the Fuel PHP framework for the web application and
cron jobs, which functioned as time-based job schedulers for SMS
notifications. White box testing was utilized by the researchers to ensure that
the codes were implemented correctly, while black box testing was used to
assess the application's functionality. A total of 52 respondents tried the web-
based application and received pre-scheduled SMS notifications, including 35
students, 7 parents, 3 program heads, 2 deans of colleges, a school
administrator's secretary, a principal, a vice president for academic affairs, a
cashier, and an accountant. All agreed that the tool was helpful in keeping
track of the kids' financial transactions. Barrios, Abliter, Capina, Murillo,
Penaranda (2018)
Billing and Collection fee Policy
As stated on billing and collection policy in sun residences site,

All unit owners/occupants are required to pay all assessments on the due
date, which is the 30th day of the current bill month. In the case that
association dues are not paid, a penalty fee of 2% per month of the amount
due will be levied.
Before referring outstanding accounts to legal counsel, the Condominium
Corporation sends up to two (2) reminder letters, as follows:
a. Every 7th day of the next bill month, the unit owner's mailbox and email
address/preferred address will get the First Reminder Letter. It must include a
reminder that the unit owner has seven (7) days from the date of receipt of
the letter to settle payment, including the two percent (2%) penalty. If the
unit owner fails to make payment despite receiving the letter, a Second
Reminder Letter will be issued.
b. If the unit owner has not made a payment after receiving the First
Reminder Letter, the Second Reminder Letter will be delivered on the 14th
day of the next bill month. It must include a reminder that the unit owner is
granted seven (7) days from receipt of the letter to complete payment,
inclusive of the two percent (2%) penalty It shall include a notice to the unit
owner that failure to pay within the time specified will compel the
Condominium Corporation to exercise the remedies set forth in the Amended
Master Deed with Declaration of Restrictions of Sun Residences Article II
Master Deed, Section 13.11 (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), and to refer the account
to its legal counsel for appropriate action.
Notice of assessments, reminder letters, demand letters, and any

correspondence or communication from the Condominium Corporation to the
unit owner should be delivered to the unit owner's mailbox and to the unit
owner's email address registered with the Condominium Corporation. If the
unit owner's address changes or if he or she prefers to receive the
assessment notification somewhere other than the designated mailbox and
email address, the unit owner must tell the Condominium Corporation at least
seven (7) days before the planned release of the assessment. Depending on
the location of the desired address, the unit owner is responsible for the
associated mail price. Unless otherwise specified, It is recognized that the
notice of assessment, reminder letter, demand letter, or other communication
will continue to be delivered to the unit owner's mailbox and email address. It
is expressly agreed that the date of mailing the appropriate notification,
letter, or correspondence to the unit owner's mailbox and to the unit owner's
email address/preferred address shall also be interpreted as the date of
receipt by the unit owner.When an account is 21 days past due, the First
Demand Letter is delivered to the unit owner/tenant.
When the account is thirty (30) days over due, the Condominium
Corporation's legal counsel will issue the Last and Final Demand Letter.
If the unit owner fails to clear his debt within sixty (60) days after receiving
the two (2) reminder letters and the two (2) demand letters, the
Condominium Corporation will issue a Disconnection Notice. The Notice
should include a warning that the Condominium Corporation may be forced to
cut his/her utilities and withhold security and maintenance services at any
time after three (3) days from receipt of the letter. The Notice must carry a
warning that the Condominium Corporation may resort to legal action if
payment is not made.
The Administration office, maintenance staff, and security guards may not
provide services to delinquent owners or lessees once they have been
disconnected. Sun Residences (2020)
Adoption of E-Payment Systems in the Philippines
Most e-payment systems in the Philippines can be accessed using

mobile phones without the need for a bank account. It is simpler for Filipinos
to use digital payment platforms because of systems like GCash and PayMaya.
E-payment solutions, which do not require bank accounts, have great
potential in a low bank country like The Philippines. The technology
acceptance model (TAM) was primarily employed as a framework in earlier
studies on electronic payments. TAM, however, only contains a few consumer
attitude measurements. In order to provide a more suitable justification for
the use of e-payment systems, this study is based on TAM and Theory of
Reasoned Action. Data from the BSP shows that in 2018, more Filipinos
adopted e-wallet or e-payment systems than credit cards. Filipinos have the
opportunity to conduct digital financial transactions without actual currency or
credit cards thanks to platforms like GCash and PayMaya (Zoleta, 2021). More
Filipinos are becoming aware of contactless payments and understanding the
advantages of such services, according to additional statistics. According to
the Visa Consumer Payment Attitudes study, 80% of respondents knew about
e-payment systems (Visa, 2019)
Electronic Payment Systems
The invention of electronic payment methods is relatively new. In the

first decade of the 1990s, the first electronic payment systems were
developed. In fact, the Philippines was among the first nations to introduce
this technique in 2001. Since then, other networks have been created and are
still in operation today, including PESONet and InstaPay. Although digital
payments have shown to be advantageous and promising in developed
economies, the same can be challenging to fully establish in the Philippine
context due to the country's slow system adoption. In an effort to make
digital financial services available to a larger portion of the public, the
government has taken a number of steps over the years (Massally and Ricart,
2019)
Online Payment Solutions for Condo Investing
Real estate investment has recently become popular. It frequently

serves as a means for investors to accumulate riches. Furthermore, when
their investment in land and buildings grows over time, it helps them earn
more money. This means that real estate or condo investing can help
investors achieve financial gains when the value of the buildings they invest in
rises. However, because of the circumstances brought up by the COVID-19
epidemic, real estate investments have recently been challenging. For
example, practically everything is done remotely, including payment
processes. As a result, Vista Residences responded to the circumstances and
offered its consumers a wide range of online payment options, making it
easier to invest with them.
(Vista Residences, 2021)
The use of digital technology for collection efficiency and investment

recovery in Manila urban settlements
The adoption of electronic payments is significantly positively correlated

with the study's findings about the factors influencing these systems. The
convenience, security, and safety of e-payment schemes, as well as social
pressures, were cited by about 60% of the respondents as reasons why they
are likely to adapt. However, the outcomes of their predictions also
demonstrate that important predictors of e-payment adoption include things
like degree of education, access to other financial infrastructures, income, and
availability of internet service. This study on the use of digital technologies to
increase investment recovery and collection effectiveness strongly suggests
switching to digital payments. About 3,322 active lot awardees of the land-
for-the-landless program (LLP) of the City of Manila, which manages 101 city-
landed estates, as of June 2021. The program uses digital technology to
increase collection efficiency and investment recovery in Manila urban
settlements. The previous three years, though, have seen a steady decline in
its collection efficiency. From 2018 to 2019, 47% to 2020, and 20% at the
conclusion of the second quarter of 2021, there was a decline of 19%, 47%,
and 20%, respectively. The LLP collection rate abruptly decreased by 54%
after the outbreak. To increase the LLP's investment recovery and collection
effectiveness 77% of study participants expressed a significant interest in
making payments online using the "E-Cash" platform, while only 12%
preferred using other online payment methods. The switch to online
payments is therefore desired Oyelami et al (2020)
Towards a cashless society in the Philippines during the COVID-19

pandemic: Implications for improving financial and societal well-
being
Although this sudden increase was a direct result of the pandemic and
the ensuing lockdowns, digital payment is now used by Filipinos in almost
every online activity. E-wallet companies have continuously expanded their
features to facilitate customer needs. Bill payments and prepaid top-ups,
savings, insurance, and even donations to partner charities were made
accessible to most people, requiring only a mobile number and proof of
identity for signups. According to BSP data, more Filipinos than ever have
adopted e-wallet. As of November 2020, many Filipinos were using digital
payments to pay for bills (44%) and groceries (36%) according to the global
payment platform PayPal, which is a significant increase from 2015 (Hitotin,
2021). The 12 best mobile wallets in the Philippines are PayMaya, Coins.ph,
GCash,GrabPay,Moneygment,PayPal,BPIDirectBanKo,Dragonpay,MLWallet,Sho
peePay, and Lazada (Raymart, 2021)
Preparing the Philippines for the fourth industrial revolution: A

scoping study
The Fourth Industrial Revolution has been ushered in by technological

breakthroughs and the interaction of several fields, including advanced
robotics, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, neurotechnology, data
analytics, blockchain, cloud technology, biotechnology, Internet of Things,
and 3D printing (FIRe). Philippine businesses have already begun to
implement these technologies, albeit with various degrees of success. The
magnitude of the potential gains from the FIRe will be determined by the
country's capacity to adapt to the global disruptions that accompany the
industrial revolution.The country must provide a firm platform for long-term
learning and amass diverse forms of wealth, all while gradually and
methodically reducing current technology disparities. Both the public and
corporate sectors must pay close attention to the little expenditure in
research and development. Concurrently, the government must have a clear
understanding of how to increase deployment efficiency. To catch up with
and benefit from the technological revolution, trade openness,
competitiveness in important industries, labor market flexibility, human capital
development, and an established social safety system, among other things,
must be assured. Dadios, Elmer P., Culaba, Alvin B., Albert, Jose Ramon G.
Et, Al 2018
Philippines Digital Economy Report 2020 : A Better Normal Under

COVID-19 - Digitalizing the Philippine Economy Now
The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic highlights the critical role of

digitalization in economic and social resilience. COVID-19 is impeding global
migration and economic activity, and the Philippines is no exception. As
mobility constraints and social distancing techniques limit face-to-face
interactions and activities, the availability of low-cost digital tools has
emerged as a critical factor of resilience. Indeed, digital technologies enable
companies, governments, and institutions to conduct activities online rather
than shutting down totally. E-commerce and digital payments have enabled
business transactions to continue and goods to be delivered; online
communication platforms have facilitated home-based work, virtual meetings,
and remote classes; and government agencies in many countries have used
online processes to quickly deliver social assistance to vulnerable households.
Unfortunately, not many nations have been able to fully use digital technology
due to limited access to high-quality internet and long-held analog traditions.
COVID-19 has increased the adoption and usage of digital technology in the
Philippines. However, the country's poor high-speed internet penetration,
which lags behind neighboring middle-income nations, is a major impediment
to digitization. The digital gap in the Philippines is wide, with approximately
60% of families lacking internet connection and so unable to realize the
benefits of digitalization. As a result, in the Philippines, face-to-face contacts
and analog behaviors predominate, making social distance economically
expensive. For example, cash and checks continue to be the most common
forms of payment, while applying for permits and licenses often necessitates
the exchange of papers in person. Queues of people are a common
occurrence for Filipinos seeking products and services.
This research examines the barriers to digitalization in depth and suggests

critical reforms and policy actions that might assist the Philippines in realizing
the full potential of the digital economy. It analyzes the prerequisites for
accelerating digital transformation using the CHIP (Connect, Harness,
Innovate, Protect) conceptual framework. The framework focuses on four key
digitalization drivers: I Connect, which refers to a set of measures to build the
digital foundation and enablers such as digital infrastructure for participation
in the digital economy; (ii) Harness, which refers to needed investments in
analog complements such as skills, regulations, and institutions to leverage
the old economy; and (iii) Innovate, which refers to expanding new economy
services, digital payments, and digital entrepreneurs. Aaron, Carl,Aassouli
Dalal, et Al, 2020
Eschewing Cash: The Challenges of Cashless Transactions in the

Philippines
To address the structural flaws in the Philippine economy, including

low levels of financial inclusion and a reliance on remittances, the government
and corporate sector have led a number of cashless projects during the past
ten years. In this essay, the non-cash payment sector in the Philippines will
be evaluated. The paper will make the case that although structural
difficulties have sparked some of the nation's most cutting-edge cashless
projects, they have also made it more difficult for cashless transactions to
become fully integrated into Philippine society. If the Bangko Sentral ng
Pilipinas (BSP) and the private sector can work together to address the
shortcomings of the financial system, the Philippines will be able to move
toward being a "cash-lite" nation. (Vandana Prakash Nair, 2016)
Online Payment Solutions for Condo Investing
Nowadays, real estate investment has become a trend. It often acts as

an opportunity for investors to build wealth. Moreover, it helps them generate
more income as their investment in land and buildings grow over time. This
entails that real estate or condo investment can help make capital gains for
investors because of the increase in value of the properties they invested in.
However, real estate investments have been difficult lately due to the
circumstances brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. For instance,
almost everything is done remotely which includes the payment processes.
Thus, Vista Residences adapted to the situation and provided their clients a
wide variety of online payment solutions, making it more convenient in
investing with them. (VistaResidences, 2021)
Condo demand holds firm; digital payments increase
DEMAND for condominiums remains firm even as the Covid-19

pandemic continues to hamper the local property market and consumer
purchasing power. Filipino Homes founder Anthony Gerard Leuterio said
property seekers still opt for condominiums because of their amenities,
locations and the fact that they provide a hedge against inflation.
He noted that condominiums remain attractive to the market because of their
location being walking distance from essential commercial establishments.
This pandemic, Leuterio said, has highlighted the need to be in an integrated
community where there is easy access to essential goods and services. This
is on top of the hotel-like features condo projects possess.
Investors are also eyeing real estate, like condominiums, as a way to hedge
against inflation. Home values and rents rise along with everything else during
inflation. (SunStar, 2021)
Electronic Payment an Option for Assessments

The association board and manager encourage all members to take
advantage of the association’s electronic payment program to pay monthly
assessments because it provides numerous advantages to you, the
association and the environment. For association owners, electronic payment
is very convenient. Once we’ve set up your account, you no longer have to
worry about lost checks or late payments due to slow mail service. You select
the date each month your assessment is paid, and then you have the peace
of mind knowing your fees are paid on time. Not only does this save you time
and postage, but it can eliminate late fees. Direct payment is also beneficial
for the association. It improves our cash flow, reduces delinquencies and
decreases bank charges, such as lockbox service fees. And this helps keep
your assessments down. (Camteam, 2021)
An Application of Analytical Hierarchy Process in the Comparison of

the Use of GCash, Paymaya, and Debit Card Applications as a
Payment Option in the Philippines.
One of the first few nations to begin utilizing mobile money, or simply
digital payments, was the Philippines. The government collaborated with its
linked sectors in order to fully enable and encourage the usage of digital
payments because the country's initial technological growth was uneven. The
transition to this type of payment system might be challenging at first, but as
progress and development continue, people have been able to overcome all
difficulties. As a result, there has been a sudden rise in the use of digital
payment methods like GCash, Paymaya, and debit card applications, which
are thought to be the most popular in the nation for carrying out all
transactions.
When mobile money was introduced in the Philippines in 2001, it became one
of the first countries to pioneer digital payments. Electronic payments have
been widely employed throughout the years as society gradually moves
toward a fully digital economy. Since then, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
(BSP) has been working to modernize the nation's retail payment system. To
this end, the BSP has collaborated with the government and other players in
the banking, retail, and regulatory industries. The reason is that they saw
how important these payment systems would be for enterprises, financial
solutions, and monetary stability, as well as the unmet needs for financial
inclusion. (IEOM Society International, 2021)
Customer Satisfaction and Preference on Electronic Payments (E-

Payments) Among the Employees of the Provincial Government of
Batangas.
Paper money and other conventional payment methods are being

phased out. Paper money is gradually being replaced by a variety of
contemporary electronic payment methods that have emerged as a result of
the revolution in information processing. As e-commerce spreads, e-payment
methods are becoming more prevalent. The advantages of a cashless
economy are being recognized by Filipino consumers more and more, and
they are feeling more comfortable making financial decisions with their hands
in their pockets. The Asian Banker reports that 78% of Filipinos are interested
in digital banking services and are prepared to move some services to a
digital bank. Filipinos can use cashless transactions in the 2016 Visa
Consumer Payment Attitudes Survey. (Jean Marielle A. Lopez. 2021)
Digital Payment Adoption during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the

Philippines
During the COVID-19 epidemic, face-to-face interactions were

constrained due to social isolation and other mobility restrictions. As a result,
many customers have chosen to make digital purchases. This purchasing
behavior paved the door for the expansion of online shopping. Financial
exchanges for purchases online sales of products and services. Payments are
currently done through digital ways under this system.
(Agur et al. 2020). Digital payments are any of the different payment
methods that utilize digital tools, including mobile payments, mobile wallets,
and electronic payments (Alkhowaiter 2020). These cashless payment
methods have gained popularity as mobile technology
A new era has emerged. (Philippine Journal of Science, 2022)
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Method
Research design is “a programme that guides the investigator in the

process of collecting, analyzing and interpreting observations. It is a logical
model that allows the researcher to draw inferences concerning causal
relations among the variables under investigation”. (Nachmias & Nachmias,
1992:97). The discussion in this section therefore presents the process of how
the research was conducted.
Research Method Use
The descriptive research method was used in this study. Descriptive

research is a type of study that looks into a variety of phenomena and
circumstances. It always aims to answer questions such as how the event
occurred, when it occurred in terms of time or date, where it occurred in
terms of location, and what the issue or phenomena is. The study design is
primarily concerned with explaining a larger portion of the population; as a
result, it employs a variety of research methods to achieve its goals. It's a
one-of-a-kind design since the variable isn't manipulated; instead, the
researcher measures the results through observation. The survey method was
utilized in the descriptive study design, which is often used to investigate the
opinions of respondents who can represent an entire population. In terms of
methodology, the research used a quantitative approach that focuses on
getting numerical results through the survey method.
Population
The population of the said condominium is 100 and a sample of 100 is
derived using simple random sampling. Respondents were further classified
into Unit Owners. The researcher chose this form to identify the effects of E-
payment in Billing and Collection Efficiency in Camella Ellisande Property.
Description of the Respondents
The present study had focused on including residents/tenants from

Camella Ellisande Property as respondents of the study. Respondents are the
following; Gender, Age (18 above), and the E-payment transaction that is
mandated by the Property. These standard characteristics were established by
the researchers.
Instrumentation
The researcher used the questionnaire as a major tool in the collection

of data needed in this study, particularly the survey method as it aimed to
collect pertinent data about the Effects of e-payment in billing and Collection
efficiency in Camella Ellisande by the tenants to determine their opinion and
gather relevant information concerning effects of e-payment as a required
mode of payment in elisande. In assessing Unit Owner's satisfaction, the
following Liker Scale was used:
Likert Scale
It is frequently used in surveys that use questionnaires. It is the most

extensively utilized method for scalability in survey questionnaire research.
Respondents express their level of agreement or disagreement on a
symmetric agree or disagree scale of a sequence of statements while
responding to a Liker questionnaire item. To calculate the respondent's
answer to the questions, we created a 4-point Liker Scale.
Level of Agreement – 4 point

4– Strongly Agree
3– Agree
2– Disagree
1 – Strongly Disagree
Table I
Verbal Interpretation
Verbal Interpretation Point System Range
Strongly agree 4 3. 26 – 4.00
Agree 3 2.51 – 3.25
Disagree 2 1.76 – 2.50
Strongly Disagree 1 1.00 - 1.75
Verbal Interpretation
The survey was composed of questions that will help us to measure
and determine the Effects of e- payment in billing and collection efficiency in
Camella Ellisande Property: An Assessment which is a basis for the resident’s
response using the 4-point Liker scale in table I&II. The table I&II show the
point of scale value and description of the Liker Scale System.
A pilot testing of the survey questionnaire was conducted (Month, Date
and Year) to Unit Owner to test the usability of the survey questionnaire as
well as to detect potential problems that may arise before conducting the
actual survey. As to the usability of the survey questionnaire, (Number of
tenants) out of (Maximum Number of tenants answered) rated our
questionnaire “Strongly Satisfied “, (Number of tenants) out of (Maximum
Number of tenants answered) was “Satisfied”, and (Number of tenants) out of
(Maximum Number of tenants answered) was “Dissatisfied” and lastly,
(Number of tenants) out of (Maximum Number of tenants answered) as
“Strongly Dissatisfied”.
Data Gathering Procedures

The researchers used survey questionnaires to gather data from the

respondents in Camella Ellisande Property. The researchers will ask the
availability of the respondents thru distributing questionnaires if the
respondents confirmed the request, the researchers will then appoint a
specific time and date to distribute the survey questionnaire about how they
find billing and collection efficiency helpful for their satisfaction towards
efficiency of collecting payment thru online. The researchers will gather
information and used it as a reference to their respective type of study.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The researchers collected the data by survey which serves as the

primary information. Survey research is a useful and legitimate approach to
research that has clear benefit to describe and explore variables and interpret
data according to (Check & Schutt, 2012, p. 160), Survey research is
deﬁned as “the collection of information from a sample of individuals through
their responses to questions'' This type of research allows for a variety of
methods to recruit participants, collect data, and utilize various methods of
instrumentation. Survey research can use quantitative research strategies
(e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research
strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed
methods). The information gathered by the researchers are compiled and
presented as tabular form and with the help of the statistical tools it is easy
for them to analyze and interpret the data.
The following are statistical tools used to in this study;
The researchers decided to use Slovin’s formula in identifying the samples of
primary respondent size which represents the entire population of The
Camella Ellisande Property, Taguig City participating in the study. The
researchers will be able to determine the sample size of the study based on
the number of populations in Camella Ellisande Property.
1. Slovin’s Formula
n = N/ (1+Ne2),
where;
n= number of Respondents
N= total population
e= margin of error
Where;
n=N/ (1+Nx .05)
2. Frequency Distribution was used to know the answers of the

respondents based on the minority and majority. This was computed based
on this formula:
Frequency Distribution=n/T*100%
Where;
n= number
T= total number of respondents
3. Percentage was utilized in presenting the demographic profile of the
respondents and computed based on this formula:
Where;
P= percentage
F= frequency
N= number of respondents
4. Weighted Mean
This was used to interpret the degree of importance of each item in
the questionnaire. The weighted mean was used by multiplying each
value to the appropriate weight factor and the product will be summed
up and divided to the total respondents:
Where:
X= Weighted Mean
f= Frequency
x=Raw Score; n= Number of respondents
5. The Chi-Square (X2) test

This is used to determine the significant effects of E-payment in billing and
collection efficiency in Camella Ellisande Property. The formula is:
❑
X =∑ ¿ ¿ ¿
2
❑
where X 2 = Chi square test value
OF= the observed frequency
EF = the expected frequency

Effects of E-Payment in Billing and Collection Efficiency in Camella Ellisande: An Assessment

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Effects of E-Payment in Billing and Collection Efficiency in Camella Ellisande: An Assessment

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI 1

EFFECTS OF E-PAYMENT IN BILLING AND COLLECTION EFFICIENCY

An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

PROF. ROME SHERRIFF G. MONTOYA, MBA, DBA(c)

Approved by the member of the panel on ________ with a

DR. NEMESIO BARBOZA, DBA, PhD

DR. DENNIS A. SANDOVAL, CPA

JOHN PAUL PASCUAL DIOSDADO DELA ROSA

DR. NEMESIO BARBOZA, DBA, PhD

DR. DENNIS A. SANDOVAL, CPA

Title : Effects of e-payment in billing and collection

Researchers :Balasabas, Mary Jane

Degree Earned: :Bachelor of Science in Business Administration

School :University of Makati

Date Conferred :May 28, 2022

Adviser : Prof. Rome Sherriff Montoya

E-payment systems lead to excellence in the Billing and Collection

The thesis examines the Effects of e-payment in billing and Collection

Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

Chapter 3: Research Methodology

Background of the Study

Statement of the Problem

1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents

2. What are the challenges that the tenants faced in terms of e-

3 . Is the E-payment effective to improve the billing and collection of

4. Is there a significant difference between the respondents effectiveness in

5. Based on the Results of the Study, What recommendations can be

Scope and Limitation of the Study

Significance of the Study

Researchers: The researchers wanted to assess the billing and collection

● Arrears - Unpaid or overdue debt.

In a Condominium, each unit owner shares ownership of the building's

Gains and Pains of Instant Payments for Corporates

Instant payments are required because digitalization has altered

The Role of Fines and Fees on Probation Outcomes

It is usual practice to impose penalties and fees on probationers.

Applying penalties to avoid delays in the Projects

The goal of a planner is to complete a project involving multiple

Identifying and estimating the effects of a mandatory billing

Distributors have started charging small and medium-sized consumers

Payment-timing is considered as a payment instrument focal element

A review of E-payment system in E-commerce

Business transactions are continuing to move away from cash-based

Demographic Influences on e-payment services

Information technology development enables the creation of electronic

Trading and settlement activities continue to be heavily cash-based in

The Future of the Mobile Payment as Electronic Payment System

Many property managers have decided to offer hardship relief to their

Potential relief efforts include:

Leasing Tools for the New Normal

Can You Require Tenants to Pay Online?

Since we are required to practice social distancing, you may be

Collecting fees electronically

Adoption of electronic payment systems for rent collection in real

Problems of qualification of theft using electronic means of payment

“Price Tag” of Risk of Using E-Payment Service

The researchers used a survey in this study to assess the notional

Factors influencing adoption of e-payment systems: an empirical

The ability of internet technology to improve financial operations'

Electronic payments, sometimes known as "e-payments," were created

Assessing the Role of Information System Success in Consumer

Both businesses and customers have seen significant changes as a result