Individual task 2

Questions:

1. What is the operation principle of relay?

2. What requirements for protections do you know?
3. Why do we need protection?
4. How to select the pickup value of a relay?
5. How to set the operating time of a relay?
6. What the selectivity is?
7. How relays are connected in the power system?
8. What is time relay?

Answers:

1. Electromechanical relays transfer signals between its contact through a

mechanical motion. It consists of two sections: the fƠiƠrst is the
electromagnet section and the other is the armature and mechanical
contacts section. The electromagnet section consists of a set of coil
wound over a magnetic core.

When an input voltage (almost equal to the rated voltage of the coil) is
applied to the coil, it gets magnetized and attracts the armature. The
mechanical contacts are attached to the armature. Hence, when the
armature is pulled towards the electromagnet, the contact closes. When
the input voltage applied to the coil is removed, the armature is brought
back to its original position by the spring release.

2.

1. Selectivity
2. Speed
3. Sensitivity
4. Reliability
5. Simplicity
6. Economy

3. Electrical equipment failures would cause intolerable outages. There

must be additional provisions to minimize damage to equipment and
interruptions to the service when failures occur.

4. The relay should allow normal load as well as a certain degree of

overload to be supplied. So the pickup value of the relay should be more
than maximum load. At the same time, the relay should be sensitive
enough to respond to the smallest fault. So, pickup value should be less
than the smallest fault current.

5. Naturally when a fault occurs it is sensed by both the primary and

backup protection. As the operating time of primary relay is less than
that of the backup relay, it will operate fƠiƠrst. There will be an overshoot
time (due to moment of inertia of moving relay system).

6. It is the ability of the protective system to select correctly that part of

the system in trouble and disconnect the faulty part without disturbing
the rest of the system.

7. The relays are connected to the power system through the current
transformer (CT) or potential transformer (PT).

8. Time relay is a type of device that can control power fƠlƠow in a

circuit by
using an electromagnet. The device includes a coil of wire that is
wrapped around an iron core. When power fƠlƠows through the circuit, it
creates a magnetic fƠiƠeld in the electromagnet.

This magnetic fƠiƠeld can attract or repel another magnet attached to a

timer relay switch inside the device. The time relay will allow you to
control when this happens by controlling how long the current fƠlƠows
through its coils before stopping.