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Please use the modules in the Visible Body Classroom (Chs. 38 - 42) to complete this worksheet. Turn
the completed worksheets in to the Digestive System Lab assignment in d2l. Please see Visible Body
Tutorial document in d2l if you need help in using the chapters posted in the software.
Instructions:
Fill words to complete the sentence when seeing this type of blank ___1___.
Describe the path of the bolus from the oral cavity to the stomach:
Once in the stomach, the bolus when mixed with digestive enzymes and acids is called:
3) Chyme
Involuntary muscle contractions, called ___4___, are used to move particles through the digestive
system and to mechanically breakdown particles in the stomach.
4) peristaltic waves
5) small intestine
The ___6___ has some limited absorption, but mostly contains indigestible waste that is compacted
before removal from the body.
6) large intestine
What is the last organ (along the pathway of food particles) found in the Upper alimentary canal?
7) the stomach
What is the first organ (along the pathway of food particles) found in the Upper alimentary canal?
9) salivary glands
10) teeth
What are the four tissue layers of the alimentary canal wall?
14) mucosa
15) submucosa
16) muscularis
17) serosa
List five digestive juices and list where those juices enter into the alimentary canal:
25) Intestines
26) Liver
27) Pancreas
29) Stomach
31) to chew food and break down with the help of saliva
Describe the location of the hard and soft palates in the oral cavity:
32) The palate divides the nasal cavity from the oral cavity, with the hard palate being positioned
anteriorly and the soft palate posteriorly from each other. It forms both the roof of the mouth and the
floor of the nasal cavity.
33) The palate divides the nasal cavity from the oral cavity- provides structure
35) The bolus passing through the pharynx, the epiglottis closing off the trachea, and peristaltic waves
moving the bolus into the stomach.
39.5 - Teeth
36) 32
Anatomically, the upper teeth are referred to collectively as the ___37___, and the lower teeth are
referred to as the ___38___
List the five types of teeth, and list how many are found within each group on the upper or lower arch:
44) third
45) canines
47) maxilla
Which bone are teeth connected to in the lower arch?
48) mandible
On the crown, teeth are covered on the outer surface by ___49___, which is the hardest tissue in the
body.
49) enamel
What anchors the tongue to the skeleton and help move it?
54) papillae
Which glands drain saliva into the oral cavity via the submandibular ducts?
40.1 - Peristalsis
What is peristalsis?
57) contraction and retraction of smooth muscles in the alimentary canal
How many peristaltic waves are needed to move a bolus from the esophagus to the stomach?
58) one
40.3 - Esophagus
What is the name of the section of the pharynx that connects with the esophagus?
60) Laryngopharynx
What is the name of the opening in the diaphragm that the esophagus passes through?
What is the sphincter muscle that controls the opening/connection between the esophagus and the
stomach?
Which layer of the esophageal wall contains stratified squamous epithelial cells which protect the
esophagus from possible mechanical damage from food particles?
Which layer of the esophageal wall secretes mucus that helps with bolus movement?
64) Submucosa
40.5 - Stomach regions
In terms of musculature, how is the stomach different than the rest of the alimentary canal?
67) The stomach has three layers of muscles compared to just two
What are the three accessory organs found in the abdominal cavity?
72) fats
What is the name of the large ligament that separates the left and right lobes of the liver?
The hepatic portal vein collects and passes to the liver blood that has already passed through capillary
beds in which 6 organs?
The joined duct above unites with the pancreatic duct at the:
Digestive substances from the pancreas, liver, and gall bladder all enter the alimentary canal in which
location?
79) duodenum
41.6 - Bile ducts
When the liver produces bile, there are two options for what happens to that bile. Describe these two
pathways:
80) enters the common bile duct and pass through the duodenum or enters cystic duct to be stored in
the gall bladder
What are the two locations that pancreatic juice can enter the duodenum?
42.1 - Absorption
Most absorption in the small intestines occurs through which structures of the intestinal wall?
82) villi
83) lacteals
List the three sections of the small intestine and describe their general anatomical position within the
abdomen
86) duodenum- 25cm short, wide stretch of the small intestine that lies on the right side of the
vertebral column superior to jejunum and ileum
88) ileum- to the right of the jejunum and inferior to the duodenum
List the three main sections of the large intestine and describe their general position in relation to each
other:
89) cecum- superior to rectum and to the left running perpendicular with descending colon inferior to
ascending colon
The appendix serves a role in the ___92___ system by containing gut-associated lymphoid tissue
92) lymphatic
List the three sections of the colon and describe their general position in relation to each other:
93) ascending and descending colons- inferior to transverse colon, and superior sigmoid colon
What is the name of the connection between the ileum and the cecum?
Undigested carbohydrates and other materials are broken down by ___98___, which live in the large
intestine.
98) bacteria
The digestion described above releases which 2 vitamins from previously undigested material that can
now be absorbed by the body?
99) B and K
100) water