EXTRACELLULAR

FLUID AND
INTERNAL
ENVIRONMENT

Dr .Fatima Abid
In average young adult male:

Body composition % of body weight

Protein, & related substances 18%

Fat 15%

Mineral 7%

Water 60%
 FLUID COMPARTMENTS

EXTRA CELLUAR INTRA CELLULAR

FLUID FLUID

INTERSTITIAL TRANSCELLULAR
PLASMA
FLUID FLUID

CSF
Intra ocular
Pleural
Peritoneal
Synovial
Digestive Secretions
Extracellular fluid
 Divisions of ECF
 Interstitial Fluid (ISF).
 Plasma.
 Transcellular fluid
 Interstitial Fluid (ISF)

 Interstitial Fluid (ISF)

surrounds the cells
 It is the main component of the
extracellular fluid
 It comprises about 3/4 of the
ECF.
 Interstitial fluid is found in the
interstitial spaces, also known as
the tissue spaces.
Composition of interstitial fluid
 Water solvent amino acids
 Sugars

 Fatty acids

 Neurotransmitters

 Salts

 Waste products from the cells.

 Lymph is considered a part of the interstitial fluid

 Plasma
 It is the yellow liquid component
of blood in which the blood cells
in whole blood are normally
suspended
 55% of the total blood volume.
 It is the intravascular fluid part
of extracellular fluid (all body
fluid outside of cells)
 It makes up about 1/4 of the
ECF
 Transcellular fluid
 The portion of total body water contained within epithelial lined
spaces.
 Smallest compartment.
 It is about 2.5% of the total body water.
 Examples
 Cerebrospinal fluid
 Ocular fluid
 Joint fluid
 Bladder urine
 Peritonial fluid
 Pericardial fluid
 Pleural fluid
 Intracellular
fluid
Plasma

Interstitial fluid

Extracellular fluid directly baths body cells

Internal environment = Extracellular fluid
 Edema
 Extracellular
 Intracellular
Pitting Edema
MECHANISM
 Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

 Cytosol or intracellular fluid is the liquid found inside cells.

 It is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water.
Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol
 Comprises 2/3 of the body's water.
 If body has 60% water, ICF is about 40% of your weight.
 The ICF consists of
 Potassium
 organic anions
 proteins etc.
 Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
 Denotes all body fluid outside of cells.
 It is the remaining 1/3 of your body's water.
 ECF is about 20% of the body weight.
 The ECF is primarily a NaCl and NaHCO3 solution.
 Composition of extracellular fluid
 Main Cations:
 Sodium (Na+ = 136-145 mEq/L)
 Potassium (K+ = 3,5-5,5 mEq/L)
 Calcium (Ca2+ = 8,4-10,5 mEq/L)
 Main Anions:
 Chloride (Cl- = 99-109 mEq/L)
 HCO3 28 mEq/L
 It is poorer in proteins compared to intracellular fluid
 Internal environment consist of
interstitial fluid- fills the spaces
between the cells and constantly
bathes the cells and keeps the cells
functioning
normally.
blood plasma
Factor affecting the internal environment.
Physical factors:

•Temperature
•Osmotic pressure
•Concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in
the bloodstream
Chemical factors:
•Salt level
•Glucose level
•pH
In order for cells of the body to function optimally,
the physical factors and the chemical factors
within the internal environment must be
maintained at a relatively constant level.
Example: Temperature
•For human, the internal environment need to be
maintain around 37°C.
•At this temperature, the enzymes give the
optimal enzyme activity.
•If the temperature too high, enzymes denatured-
so lose ability to function.
•If the temperature too low, enzymes become
inactive.
 Some systems controlled by homeostasis

Control of Requires regulation of

•nutrient intake
nutrient levels •digestive and circulatory system functions
(e.g. glucose) •storage and mobilisation of nutrients
•behaviour
•general metabolism
•blood flow to tissues
body temperature
•muscle activity and sweating
•behaviour
•excretion of water and salts to maintain correct
water and salt osmotic concentration of internal body fluids
balance
•behaviour
•lung ventilation and circulation to deliver adequate
oxygen to tissues
metabolic rate
•nutrient intake and storage
•behaviour
THANK U