LAB 5: HEAT CAPACITY

PHY130
UITM KAMPUS BUKIT BESI, TERENGGANU
FAKULTI SAINS GUNAAN INDUSTRI HIGIEN DAN TERKNOLOGI
GROUP MEMBER MATRIX CARD
MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ BIN KHAIRIZAM 2022878276
AHMAD BIN AZHAR 2022462958
NURWAHIDAH BINTI SHAHROLRIZAL 2022889508
DAVISHA NABILA BINTI HAMBALI 2022897148
LECTURER NAME: DR BAKHTIAR
 Rubrics for Lab Report:

3 2 1 0 Score
Units are used Units used Units are Units are not
correctly and only in some rarely used used or
Units consistently key parts of or are incorrect.
throughout the report. generally
report. incorrect.
Data entered with Some data A few data No data entered
correct entered with entered with with correct
Data entry significant figure. correct correct significant
significant significant figure.
figure. figure.

Calculations are Calculations Calculations Calculation

Data correct. All steps contain few contain steps not
Manipulation clearly laid out. errors. All some shown.
steps errors.
clearly Steps not
laid out. clearly laid
out.
All data points Some data Some data Data points
plotted correctly, points points plotted
Correct method plotted plotted incorrectly,
Graph
used to determine correctly, correctly. Wrong
slope and Correct Wrong method
intercept. used to
method method used
Maximum and determine
used to to determine
minimum lines slope and
determine slope and
plotted correctly. intercept.
slope and intercept. No
intercept. maximum
and
minimum
lines.
Appropriate Given Irrelevant No discussion
Discussion discussion is discussion discussion is is given.
given. partially given.
correct.
Appropriate Given Irrelevant No conclusion
Conclusion conclusion is conclusion conclusion is given.
given. partially is given.
correct.

TOTAL: / 10
INTRODUCTION
Specific heat capacity is defined as the energy required to raise the
temperature of 1 kg substance by 1 oC. The value of specific heat capacity
depends on the types of material itself, in which a substance with a low heat
capacity will heat and cool quickly, while a substance with high heat capacity
heats and cools slowly.

There are few examples in our daily life that involves heat capacity. For
example, most of our cooking utensils are made from materials of low specific
heat. This will make them get heated in shorter time. Among all common
cooking materials, copper has the highest conductivity. Copper pans are
highly treasured due to their ability to distribute heat evenly.
Meanwhile, the handle of the cooking utensil is made of material which
possesses very high specific heat, such as plastic. It acts as thermal insulator,
in which will reduce the heat transfer through the handle.

EXPERIMENT 5

Title

• Heat and Temperature.

Objective

• To determine the specific heat capacity of a metal block.

Apparatus
 Copper block, brass block, aluminium block, calorimeter set, electric
kettle, stopwatch, thermometer, thread, electronic balance.
 Specific Heat Capacity, c, is the amount of heat needed to raise the
temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1 OC or 1 K. The SI unit of
specific heat capacity is (J kg-1 ℃ -1) or (J kg-1 K-1)
Q = mc ∆ θ
Where Q is the amount of heat, m is the mass of a substance; c is the
specific heat capacity and ∆ θ is the change in temperature.
Procedure
1. Weigh a calorimeter set and a copper block using electronic balance.
Record the data in Table 5.1.
2. Fill the calorimeter about one-half with water and reweigh. Record its value.
3. Take the initial temperature of the water in the calorimeter and record it as
θ 1.
4. Boil some water in an electric kettle.
5. Once the water boiled, quickly immerse the copper block inside the kettle
by hang it with a thread.
6. Observe the temperature of hot water until it achieves thermal equilibrium.
Record the temperature value as θ 2.
7. Next, quickly transfer the copper block into the calorimeter.
8. Observe the water temperature every 10 seconds until it reaches maximum
degrees before it drops several degrees below the maximum reached. Take
the final temperature observed as θ 3.
9. Repeat Steps (1) — (8) for brass block or aluminium block. Record the data
in Table 5.2.

Data
Table 5.1: Experiment Data for Copper Block

COPPER BLOCK
Mass of copper block, mb 0.11 kg
Mass of calorimeter set, mc 0.13 kg
Mass of calorimeter set + water, 0.2 kg
mcw
Mass of water in calorimeter, mw 0.07 kg
O
Initial temperature of water in 25 C
calorimeter, θ 1
Temperature of hot water + copper 100 C
O

block, θ 2
Final temperature, θ 3 32.5 C
O
 Table 5.2: Experiment Data for Brass /Aluminium Block

BRASS BLOCK /ALUMINIUM BLOCK

Mass of brass block, mb 0.04 kg
Mass of calorimeter set, mc 0.13 kg
Mass of calorimeter set + water, 0.2 kg
mcw
Mass of water in calorimeter, mw 0.07 kg
Initial temperature of water in 25 C
O

calorimeter, θ 1
O
Temperature of hot water + brass 100 C
block, θ 2
Final temperature, θ 3 30.5 O
C

Calculation
 Heat lost by a metal = heat gained by a water and calorimeter set.
  If cb is specific heat capacity of metal block, cc is the specific heat
capacity of calorimeter (900 Jkg-1 K-1) and mw the mass of water specific
heat capacity cw = 4200 J kg-1 K-1, then
mb cb (θ 2−θ 3) = (mw cw + mc cc)(θ 3-θ 1)
 With mw, mA and mc in kg, calculate the specific heat capacity of the
metal blocks, cb. Show your calculation below.

Copper block
mb cb (θ 2−θ 3) = (mw cw + mc cc) (θ 3-θ 1)

0.11 (cb) (100 −3 2.5) = ((0.07 × 0.2) + (0.13 × 900 Jkg-1 K-1) (3 2.5-25)
7.425 =(0.014+117)(7.5) ÷ Cb
Cb = (0.014+117)(7.5) ÷ 7.425
Cb = 118.20

Aluminium/Brass block

mb cb (θ 2−θ 3) = (mw cw + mc cc) (θ 3-θ 1)

(0.04) (cb) (100 −30.5) = ((0.07× 0.2) + (0.13× 900 Jkg-1 K-1)) ( 30.5-25)
2.78= (0.014+117)(5.5) ÷ CB
Cb = (0.014+117)(5.5) ÷ 2.78
Cb = 231.50

Discussion
Often applied to metallic elements, specific heat can be used as a
basis for comparing how different substances absorb and transfer energy. To
measure specific heat in the laboratory, a calorimeter of some kind must be
used. A calorimeter is a well-insulated container that can measure energy
changes.

Question
 1. When heat is added to an object, what factors determine its change
in temperature?

Following are the factors temperature change would be affected by:

A. Amount of heat added. For this you must know the specific heat
capacity of the substance which would then determine the amount of heat to
be added to being a unit temperature rise.

B. Thermal conductivity of the substance. Thermal conductivity K is

largely a function of temperature for fluids and sub cooled liquids. So, an
insulator with a low k value would have lesser heat gain than a conductor with
higher k value.

The overall heat transfer is a function of temperature difference, area of heat

transfer and resistance to heat transfer in any mode of heat transfer
(conduction, convection, and radiation).

2. Suppose the same amount of heat is applied to two bars. They

have the same mass but experience different changes in
temperature. Are the specific heat capacities the same for the two
bars?

If one of the blocks is a good conductor and the other is a good

insulator, then, after the surface application of heat, the temperatures at the
surfaces are almost bound to be different. This is because the heat will be
rapidly conducted into the body of the conducting block, soon achieving a
constant temperature throughout the block. Whereas, with the insulator, the
heat will tend to stay where it's put, heating the block considerably over that
area. As the heat slowly conducts into the block, it will also start to cool from
its surface, because it's so hot, and even if it has the same heat capacity as
the other block, which might be possible, it will eventually reach a lower,
steady temperature throughout.