LAB 2 : FREE FALL MOTION

Group : 1C Date: 28.10.2023

Lecturer’s Name:BAKTIAR BIN MUSA

Group Member(s) :-
1. MUHAMAD EZAIDY BIN RAFIE 2023863124
2. MOHAMAD AIDIL AZLI BIN MOHAMAD RAZMAN 2023641442
3. MUHAMMAD IZZ ZUHAIRI BIN MOHD FARIZ 2023687304
4. IZZZUAN AIDID BIN MOHD ZAKI 2023811874
5. MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ BIN SHAMSOL RIZAL 2023498288

Rubrics for Lab Report:

3 2 1 0 Score
Units are used Units used only Units are rarely Units are not used
correctly and in some key parts used or are or incorrect.
Units consistently of report. generally
throughout the incorrect.
report.
Data entered Some data A few data No data entered
with correct entered with entered with with correct
Data entry significant figure. correct correct significant figure.
significant figure. significant figure.

Calculations are Calculations Calculations Calculation

Data correct. All steps contain few contain some steps not
Manipulation clearly laid out. errors. All steps errors. Steps not shown.
clearly laid out. clearly laid out.

All data points Some data Some data points Data points
plotted correctly, points plotted plotted correctly. plotted
Correct method correctly, Wrong method incorrectly,
Graph used to determine Correct method used to Wrong method
slope and
used to determine slope used to determine
intercept.
determine slope and intercept. slope and
Maximum and
minimum lines and intercept. intercept. No
plotted correctly. maximum and
minimum lines.
Appropriate Given discussion Irrelevant No discussion is
Discussion discussion is partially correct. discussion is given.
given. given.

Appropriate Given conclusion Irrelevant No conclusion is

Conclusion conclusion is partially correct. conclusion is given.
given. given.

TOTAL: / 18
1. Title : FREE FALL MOTION

2. Objectives : To determine the magnitude of the gravitational

acceleration during free fall.

3. Apparatus: Drop box, communication cable, time of flight accessory,

control box, AC adapter, steel ball (1.5 cm diameter, 8.10 g), plastic
ball (10.30 cm diameter, 20.7 g), golf ball (4.46 cm diameter, 23 g) and
timer switch.

4. Theory

The object that falls from a high-rise position is influenced by the

gravitational force. An object is released from the position above the earth
will move towards the ground and this motion is called free fall. The falling
object will experience a gravitational acceleration and it is considered as a
constant over time. Since all those kinematics equations are useful to
solve for free fall problems.

For a given time, the height from where the object is released can
be determined by using linear kinematics equation at constant
acceleration.

1 2

h= a ty +ut (1)
2
Where ay refers to gravitational acceleration and u is the initial velocity of

the object. Supposed the object is released from rest, the equation

(1) will now become

1 2

h= a ty (2)
2

Rearranging equation (2), the gravitational acceleration can be determined

where
 2h
ay = =g 2
(3) t

g 2 gradient of the graph h versus t = ( )

2

(4)

5. Procedures

i. Setup the experiment as shown in Figure 1.

ii. Attach the object to the drop box. iii. Place the time-of-
flight accessory directly below the object. iv.
Switch on the smart timer.
v. Press the “Select Measurement” button until “time” appears on the
display. vi. Press “Select Mode” button until “two gates” appear on
the display.
vii. Press the “start/stop” button once to release the object and to
reset the recorded reading.
viii. Take the timer reading.
ix. Repeat the experiment several times with different height.
Record the height and drop time in given Table 1.
x. Repeat steps ii until ix for two different types of object.

Clamp
higher Drop Box
on rod for
increased Timer Switch
fall height Drop Box

AC Adapter
To timing device
Time -of-
Flight
Accessory

Time-of-Flight
Accessory

Figure 1 Experiment Set-up

6. Data

Types of ball : Brass Ball

Mass of ball : 68.8 g Diameter of ball : 2.28

cm

Table 1
No Height of the ball, h Time, t (s) Average time, t (s) t2 (s)
(cm) t1 t2
1 10 0.29 0.20 0.25 0.0625
2 20 0.34 0.35 0.35 0.1225
3 30 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.1024
4 40 0.39 0.37 0.38 0.1444
5 50 0.38 0.40 0.39 0.1521
6 60 0.57 0.44 0.53 0.2809
7 70 0.31 0.27 0.29 0.0841
8 80 0.48 0.47 0.48 0.2304
9 90 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.3249
10 100 0.50 0.54 0.52 0.2704

Types of ball : Golf

Mass of ball : 45.8 g Diameter of ball : 4.08

cm
Table 2
No Height of the ball, h Time, t (s) Average time, t (s) t2 (s)
(cm) t1 t2
1 10 0.25 0.20 0.23 0.0529
2 20 0.22 0.20 0.21 0.0441
3 30 0.29 0.32 0.31 0.0961
4 40 0.36 0.31 0.34 0.1156
5 50 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.16
6 60 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.2209
7 70 0.40 0.34 0.37 0.1369
8 80 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.2304
9 90 0.57 0.41 0.49 0.2401
10 100 0.54 0.41 0.48 0.2304
Types of ball : Ping Pong

Mass of ball 2.7 g Diameter of ball : 3.79

cm

Table 3
No Height of the ball, h Time, t (s) Average time, t t2
(cm) t1 t2 (s) (s)

1 10 0.21 0.18 0.20 0.04

2 20 0.29 0.20 0.25 0.0625
3 30 0.24 0.30 0.27 0.0729
4 40 0.28 0.34 0.31 0.0961
5 50 0.34 0.24 0.29 0.0841
6 60 0.34 0.32 0.33 0.1089
7 70 0.34 0.44 0.39 0.1521
8 80 0.47 0.50 0.49 0.2401
9 90 0.40 0.54 0.47 0.2209
10 100 0.53 0.42 0.48 0.2304

7. Data analysis

i. Plot h versus t2 graph based on the data in Table 1, Table 2 and

Table 3.

ii. Using equation (4), calculate the gravitational acceleration, g for

each graph.

8. Discussion

i. Compare the calculated value of g with standard value (g = 9.81 ms -

2
).
 ii. Discuss the factors that have contributed to the differences in the
value.

iii. How to overcome the factors mentioned in (ii), discuss.

iv. Does the different type of objects influence the value of gravitational
acceleration? Explain.

9. Conclusion