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ANSWERS & EXPLANATION

APTITUDE TEST–Test (3730) – 2022
1 (d)
Statement (1) is incorrect. The passage mentions, “However, as evidence from across the world has
shown, fast GDP growth alone doesn’t help, especially when it comes to tackling inequalities in accessing
education and health.” This may imply that GDP growth alone won‟t solve the problem of inequality and
the government needs to invest in the social sector, i.e. health and education to reduce the inequalities.
However, the passage has not pondered over other solutions, such as more investment on the part of the
government in social sector. There may be other means and solutions available too.
Statement (2) is incorrect. The passage mentions, “A good starting point in this regard would be for the
government to improve the quality of data on inequality within the country.” Here the passage talks about
a greater quality of data, not a greater quantity of data on inequality.
2 (a)
Option (a) is correct. The whole essence of the passage reflects that the child must not be a peripheral
concern but should be central to the policy framework. Also, welfare policies of the modern state are
expected to support and enhance the family‟s role. So, it best reflects the crux of the passage.
Option (b) is incorrect. In the passage, there is no discussion of the burden of education on children. So,
this option is not the best-implied crux.
Option (c) is incorrect. The line, “Children’s education and health are two major domains in which
welfare policies of the modern state are expected to support and enhance the family’s role”. shows that
the modern state should support and enhance the role of a family. However, there is no mention of
legitimization of this role. Also, this is only one of the points made, and not the crux of the passage.
Option (d) is incorrect. The line, “In policies as well as in their execution, there is considerable diversity
and disparity among the States” suggests that there is disparity. However, this cannot be construed as the
need for uniformity in policy execution.
3 (c)
Option (a) is incorrect. In the passage, there is no discussion on the role of the Paris agreement. So, this
option is beyond the scope of passage and hence is not the crux of the passage.
Option (b) is incorrect. The passage discusses the consequences of global warming. There is no reference
to the importance of mitigation or preparedness. So, this is not the best-implied crux of the passage.
Option (c) is correct. The lines “This imbalance will, in turn, affect the economy which will lead to
conflict, war, and global unrest. Global warming is already melting the polar ice caps. If this continues,
sea levels will rise and submerge coastal cities. These natural disasters will make millions of people
climate refugees”. The statement in the option is the alternate expression of these lines of the passage.
Therefore, it best reflects the crux of the passage.
Option (d) is incorrect. There is no reference to the role of the global community in response to climate
refugees. Hence this option is beyond the scope of the passage and is not correct. Moreover, “climate
refugees” has just been mentioned as one of the many points. IT cannot be the crux of the passage.
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4(d)
Statement 1 is incorrect. The line “However, several countries in these regions, including Lesotho, South
Africa, and Sri Lanka outrank the United States in gender equality”, reflects that some countries are
ahead in terms of gender equality but extrapolating it to mean that they are (holistically) more developed
than USA would be incorrect. So, this inference is incorrect.
Statement 2 is incorrect. There is no mention of economic growth in the passage. The term, “available
income” is not synonymous with “economic growth”.
Statement 3 is incorrect. There is no reference to culture and its impact on gender equality. So, this
inference is beyond the scope of the passage. Hence, this statement is not correct.
5 (c)
The maximum possible number of individuals who can speak both Hebrew and Spanish is 90, i.e. if all the
Spanish speaking individuals also speak Hebrew.
The minimum possible number of Hebrew speaking individuals, who can speak Spanish as well, is 50.
So, individuals speaking both Hebrew and Spanish will fall in the range of 50 to 90.
6 (a)
Any factor of this number should be of the form 2a × 3b × 5c.
For the factor to be a perfect square a, b, and c have to be even.
a can take values 0, 2, 4.
b can take values 0, 2, 4, 6
c can take values 0, 2
So, Total number of perfect squares = 3 × 4 × 2 = 24
7 (a)
Average = Sum of observations / Number of observations
Since 4 students are moved from A to B, therefore average height of group B will definitely decrease. The
new students must be having less height than the previous minimum height of Class B. Statement 1 is
correct.
However, we cannot be sure regarding the heights of the 4 students that have been moved from group A.
They may have height close to 130 cm, which will lead to decrease in the average height of group A. If
they have height close to 120, it will lead to increase in the average height of group A. Therefore, we
cannot determine whether average height of group A will increase or decrease. Statement 2 is incorrect.
8 (d)
Let number of female candidates in Group A = x
Let number of male candidates in Group A = y
Total number of candidates in Group A = x + y
Number of male candidates in Group B = x
Total number of candidates in Group B = 1.5(x + y)
So, total number of male candidates = x + y
Total number of candidates = (x + y) + 1.5(x + y) = 2.5 (x + y)
Required percentage of male candidates = [(x + y) / 2.5(x + y)] × 100 = 40%
9 (d)
Selling price of first Item = Rs. 1000; Profit = 20%
So, Cost price = 1000/1.2
Selling price of second item = Rs. 1000; Loss = 20%
So, Cost price = 1000/0.8
Total Selling price = Rs. 2000
Total Cost price = 1000 {(1/1.2) + (1 /0.8)} = 1000 {(5/6) + (5/4)} = 1000 (25/12) = 2000 (25/24)
Loss = CP – SP = 2000 {(25/24) – 1} = 2000 (1/24)
Percentage loss = (Loss/CP) × 100 = {[2000 (1/24)] ÷ [2000(25/24)]} × 100 = 4%
10 (c)
Case I:
In the first case, it is given that the profit is 10%.
Case II:
For second case, let the CP of 1 kg of item be Rs. 100
Then CP of 900 g of item= (100/1000) x 900 = Rs. 90
Hence, profit percentage in Case II = {(100 - 90)/90} x 100 = 11.11%
Case III:
Let the CP of 1 kg of pure item be Rs. 100
If he adds 10% impurity, then CP of 1 kg = {(1000/1100) x 100} = Rs. 90.90
Hence, profit percent = {(100 - 90.90)/90.90} x 100 = 10.01%
Case IV:
If he reduces weight by 5%, then cost price of 950g = {(100/1000) x 950} = Rs. 95 and SP = Rs. 105
Hence, profit percent = {(105 – 95)/95} X 100 = 10.52%
Hence, the profit is maximum in second case.
11 (d)
Option (a) is incorrect. The passage concentrates only on the benefits and issues of social media. The role
of parents and families is not discussed in the passage. Therefore, this option is not the central idea of the
passage.
Option (b) is incorrect. There is no mention of government regulation concerning social media. Hence this
is not the central idea of the passage.
Option (c) is incorrect. The lines “It bridges the gap between friends since a person says in Africa can
network and interact with his or her friend in the United States” implies an ease of communication rather
than physical distance. So, this is not the best central idea of the passage.
Option (d) is correct. The lines, “The use of social media has both negative and positive impacts on our
youths today. It bridges the gap between friends since a person says in Africa can network and interact
with his or her friend in the United States. Spending long hours chatting on social media sites decreases
productivity amongst the youths”. This reference properly reflects the idea of a good servant but a bad
master.
12 (a)
Option (a) is correct. The lines “Privacy means different things to different people. For some, it is the
privacy of information, for others privacy of body and for some, it may have some other different
perspective. So, privacy can be read along different lines with various aspects of the society or country”.
This reflects that society has an impact on various privacy aspects from a social as well as legal
perspective. So, this best reflects the crux of the passage.
Option (b) is incorrect. There is no reference to implementation through law. Hence, it is not the crux of
the passage.
Option (c) is incorrect. The given option is beyond the scope of passage because privacy as a fundamental
right is not discussed in the passage. Therefore, this option is not the crux of the passage.
Option (d) is incorrect. There is no discussion on how western countries look at privacy. So, this option is
beyond the scope of the passage.
13 (b)
Statement (a) is incorrect as the passage does not mention that science has done more bad than good,
when it comes to disaster preparedness.
Statement (b) is the correct and the most logical and crucial message from the passage, as it clearly states
that humans have limited ability to deal with disasters.
Statement (c) is incorrect and not provided by the passage.
Statement (d), while being correct, is not the most logical and crucial message from the passage. Also, the
line “…even as forewarnings reduce deaths and destruction” makes it partially incorrect.
14 (a)
Statement (a) is correct and the most logical and rational inference that can be made from the above
passage, which clearly mentions “….you feel energetic but have nowhere to focus your energy. It may
also happen when you have difficulty concentrating on something. Boredom is an empty feeling that
brings a sense of frustration and emptiness.”
Statement (b) is not correct as the passage does not link boredom to drug experimentation and use.
Statement (c) is not correct as the passage does not mention that boredom is a leading cause of suicides
across the world.
Statement (d) is not correct as the passage clearly mentions “Boredom may occur when you feel energetic
but have nowhere to focus your energy.”
15 (c)
Statement 1 is an invalid assumption. There‟s no distinction made between developed and developing
countries in the passage. In the sentence “Open defecation continues to be a critical health challenge
globally, affecting almost 1 billion people worldwide and contributing significantly to an estimated
842,000 people who die yearly from sanitation-related diseases”, it has been mentioned that about 1
billion people worldwide are affected by the open defecation related issues. It can‟t be assumed that issue
of open defecation is prevalent in developed countries or not.
Statement 2 is an invalid assumption as the passage nowhere mentions the cost aspect of open defecation.
Statement 3 is a valid assumption as the passage clearly mentions in the line “Although open defecation
rates have been reducing gradually since 2000, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) era ended
without all countries in sub-Saharan Africa achieving target 7.C., which included reducing by half the
proportion of the population without sustainable access to basic sanitation by 2015.” about the sanitation
related issues in African countries.
Information given in statement 4 is not supported by the passage. So, it can be safely considered as an
incorrect assumption.
16 (a)
Option (a) is the correct option, as lack of proper sanitation facilities impacts everyone equally across the
globe. So, it should be treated as a basic human right which should be available to all. In case of confusion
over the options, one can also go with the most basic/generalised statement given in the options.
Option (b) is close one but does not convey the most crucial message given in the paragraph. Had the
word “Drinking water” not been used in the statement, it would have been the most appropriate answer.
Option (c) is incorrect as nowhere in the passage has a comparison been made between SDGs and MDGs.
Option (d) is close, but incorrect - the era of MDGs had already ended in 2015. Also, all the MDGs were
not targeting sanitation and poverty only, but carried a much wider scope and ambit.
17 (c)
Let oranges be O, Bananas be B and Apples be A
It is given that,
2O + 3B + 4A = 15 …..(1)
3O + 2B + A = 10…….(2)
Adding equations 1 and 2, we get:
5O + 5B + 5A = 25
Or O + B + A = 5
Therefore, 3O + 3B + 3A = 3 × 5 = Rs. 15
18 (b)
I. Let C.P. be Rs. x.
Then, M.P. = 130% of x = Rs. 13x/10
III. S.P. = 90% of M.P.
Using I and III we get:
S.P. = Rs. (90/100) x (13x/10) = Rs. 117x /100
Gain = SP – CP = (117x/100) – x = Rs. 17x /100
Thus, from I and III, gain percentage can be obtained.
Clearly, statement II can be dispensed with while trying to answer the question.
19 (d)
We know that
R = (100 × SI)/ P × T
Statement I gives SI only.
Statement II gives T = 6 years
But P is unknown. So, we cannot find R.
Therefore, given data is insufficient to find the value of R.
Therefore, correct answer is (d).
20 (b)
We have a + c = e. So, possible values are: 6 + 4 = 10 or 4 + 2 = 6.
Also, b = 2d. So, possible values are: 4 = 2 × 2 or 10 = 5 × 2
Considering both we get:
b = 10, d = 5, a/c = 4 or 2, e = 6
Hence the correct option is (b).
21 (a)
For number of zeroes at the end, we need to notice numbers 2 and 5 at units place in prime numbers below
100. That‟s because only these can produce zero at the end.
We have just 1 such pair of 2 and 5. These are the prime numbers 2 and 5. Hence, we will get only 1 zero
at the end.
22 (b)
Total number of lines = Number of Pages × Lines per page = 60 × n = 60n
Now, the number of lines when 3 lines are reduced = n - 3
Number of pages when lines are reduced = 70
Total number of lines = 70 × (n - 3) = 70n - 210
According to the question,
60n = 70n - 210
⇒ 10n = 210
⇒ n = 21
Hence, the value of n is 21.
∴ Option (b) is the correct answer.
23 (c)
Let the total number of students be n, and the sum of marks of all students be S.
Average = Sum of observations/Total number of observations
So, Average marks = S/n = 60
⇒ S = 60n …..(i)
Now, marks of 80 students decreased from 90 to 60.
So, the new sum of marks = S – 80 × 30 = S - 2400
And, New average = (S - 2400)/n = 50
Now, from equation (i), we know that S = 60n
⇒ 60n - 2400 = 50n
⇒ 10n = 2400
⇒ n = 240
∴ Total number of students is 240.
Option (c) is the correct answer.
24 (b)
u/v = (x + y)/ (x - y)
Where, u is speed of rowing downstream, v is speed of rowing upstream, x is speed of boat in still water
and y is speed of stream.
Downstream speed = (x + y), Upstream speed = (x - y)
Speed of boat in still water, x = 24 kmph
X takes twice as long to row a distance upstream as to row the same distance downstream,
∴u=2×v
⇒ u/v = 2/1
⇒ (x + y) / (x – y) = 2/1
⇒ x + y = 2x – 2y
⇒ x = 3y
⇒ y = x/3 = 24/3 = 8 kmph.
∴ Speed of stream = 8 kmph
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
25 (b)
The number of ways to select „r‟ things out of „n‟ given things wherein r ≤ n is given by: nCr =
n!/[r!×(n−r)!]
A quadrilateral can be formed in following cases:
i) All four points are non-collinear.
Number of ways in which this can be done = (9-4)C4 = 5C4 = 5
ii) Two points are from the set of collinear points, and two points are from the set of non-collinear points.
Number of ways in which this can be done = 4C2 × (9-4)C2 = 4C2 × 5C2 = 6 × 10 = 60
iii) One point is from the set of collinear points, and three points are from the set of non-collinear points.
Number of ways in which this can be done = 4C1 × (9-4)C3 = 4C1 × 5C3 = 4 × 10 = 40
Note: If more than two points are from the set of collinear points, then a triangle will be formed, and not a
quadrilateral.
So, Total number of quadrilaterals that can be formed = 5 + 60 + 40 = 105.
26 (a)
Time taken by pipe A to fill the tank alone = Time taken by pipe B to fill the tank alone - 15
Let Pipe B takes x hours to fill the tank.
Then, Pipe A will take (x - 15) hours to fill the tank.
Tank filled in 1 hour by pipe A = 1/(x - 15)
Tank filled in 1 hour by pipe B = (1/x)
Tank filled in 1 hour by A and B = 1/4
(1/x) + 1/(x - 15) = 1/4
⇒ (x - 15 + x)/(x) (x - 15) = 1/4
⇒ 4(2x - 15) = x2 - 15x
⇒ 8x - 60 = x2 - 15x
⇒ x2 - 15x - 8x + 60 = 0
⇒ x2 - 23x + 60 = 0
⇒ x2 - 20x - 3x + 60 = 0
⇒ x(x - 20) - 3(x - 20) = 0
⇒ (x - 3) (x - 20) = 0
⇒ x = 3 or 20
If we take x = 3, then (x - 15) will be negative, which is not possible.
So, x will be 20.
∴ Time taken by pipe B to fill the tank alone is 20 hours.
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
27 (a)
Checking the options, we get
68/9 = 7.5555555…….
28 (a)
Let the number of members in team A be a, and number of members in team B be b.
Average Time in freestyle = (9a + 8b)/ (a + b) = 8.8
or 9a + 8b = 8.8a + 8.8b
or 0.2a = 0.8b
or a = 4b ……….(i)
Now, Average time in backstroke, x = (8a + 7b) / (a + b)
Putting value of a from (i), we get:
x = (8 × 4b + 7b) /(4b + b)
or x = 39b/5b
or x = 7.8
29 (c)
Statement 1 is incorrect. There is no information on the future of the water crisis. Only a limited context
of the impact of the crisis on women is discussed in the passage. This means that the given statement is
not a correct inference.
Statement 2 is incorrect. According to the passage “Addressing women’s water, sanitation and hygiene
requirements is a critical driver in attaining gender equity and unlocking the potential of half of the
world’s population”. These lines show that addressing women‟s issues is needed for gender equity but
who must play that role is not discussed in the passage. So, this statement is not correct.
Statement 3 is correct. The lines “Addressing women’s water, sanitation and hygiene requirements is a
critical driver in attaining gender equity and unlocking the potential of half of the world’s population”.
The lines reflect that water policies must keep in mind women during formulation and execution. Hence
this statement is correct.
30 (a)
Statement 1 is correct. As per the passage “Grounded in the emerging science of evolution and heredity,
social Darwinists superimposed beliefs … and divine providence onto unbiased scientific research.
Eugenicists combined religious and cultural ideas … justifications to impart their beliefs onto others in
tangible ways”. The nature of social Darwinism and Eugenics as per the passage are similar, i.e
discriminatory. So, this is a correct assumption.
Statement 2 is correct. The lines “Eugenicists combined religious and cultural ideas about inferior people
with pseudoscientific justifications to impart their beliefs onto others in tangible ways”. These lines show
that Eugenics discriminate based on religious and cultural beliefs. So, this assumption is correct.
31 (b)
Statement 1 is incorrect but close. The passage did highlight the huge fatality brought out by the second
wave and India‟s inability to regulate it. But “Caught off-guard” is too strong a word to presume, as
nothing in the passage conclusively points to this.
Statement 2 is correct. The line, “A resurgence of the coronavirus is feared by many public health experts
if nothing is done” suggests the need of strong measures which are mentioned in the succeeding lines
“renewed vaccination push and efforts to boost India‟s medical infrastructure…”
32 (c)
The statement (a) is not the most logical and rational corollary to the above passage, as the passage does
not talk about the intensity of matter and energy flows within it.
While statement (b) is not incorrect as per the information given in the message, statement (c) is the most
logical and rational corollary to the above passage, as it talks directly about biodiversity and ecosystem,
which is the major theme of the passage.
Statement (d) can be construed as correct but again it is not the most logical and rational corollary to the
above message. Further the statement is absolute in nature due to the use of the word „only‟.
33 (b)
On checking divisibility by 8.
q = 1 makes the last 3 digits 912. This is divisible by 8.
Since the given number is divisible by 11, so the difference between the sum of digits at odd places and
the digits at even places must be either 0 or a multiple of 11.
Let the difference be 0.
Then, p + 9 + 2 = 3 + q
Or 11 + p = 3 + q

or q - p = 8
Only possible values are 9 and 1. So, sum will be 9 + 1 = 10.
Let's check for other cases when the difference is 11
11 + p - 3 - q = 11
or p - q = 3
The possible values in this case are (9, 6), (8, 5), (7, 4), (6, 3), (5, 2), (4, 1)
Among these cases only (9, 6), (8, 5), (5, 2), and (4, 1) will be divisible by 8. So, the possible values of
sum are 15, 13, 7, and 5.
Now, difference between the sum of odd and even placed digits cannot be 22.
11 + p – 3 – q = 22
Or p – q = 14
Since both p and q are single digit natural numbers, this is not possible.
Thus, the possible values of sum are 5, 7, 10, 13 and 15.
34 (d)
Given: a (x + y) = b (x - y) = 2ab
So, a (x + y) = 2ab
Or (x + y) = 2b
Squaring both sides, we get:
(x + y)2 = (2b)2
or x2 +y2 +2xy = 4b2
Similarly, (x - y) = 2a
Squaring both sides, we get:
(x - y)2 = (2a)2
or x2 + y2 - 2xy = 4a2
Adding equations (i) and (ii), we get:
2x2 + 2y2 = 4a2 + 4b2
or 2(x2 + y2) = 4 (a2 + b2)
35 (c)
Let the three consecutive odd numbers be (x - 2) (x) and (x + 2)
Their Product = (x - 2) (x) (x + 2) = 1287
Or x (x2 - 4) = 11 × 117
Or x = 11 and x2 – 4 = 117
Therefore, largest of these three numbers = 11 + 2 = 13
36 (a)
Let x = 1, y = -1 and z = 0
Therefore, x + y + z = 1 - 1 + 1 = 0
Then, (3y2 + x2 + z2 ) / (2y 2 - xz) = [3(-1)2 + 12 + 02] / [2(-1)2 – 1 × 0] = 4/2 = 2
37 (b)
Amount spent on supplies in various years has been listed below:
In 2001:
30% of 8 lakh = 0.3 × 800000 = 240000
In 2002:
35% of 12 lakh = 0.35 × 1200000 = 420000
In 2003:
30% of 15 lakh = 0.30 × 1500000 = 450000
In 2005:
25% of 12 lakh = 0.25 × 1200000 = 300000
So, in 2003 expenditure on supplies was maximum. Hence, option (b) is correct.
38 (c)
Amount spent on salaries in 2001 = 10% of 8 lakh = 0.8 lakh
Amount spent on salaries in 2004 = 10% of 10 lakh = 1 lakh
Thus, amount of money spent on salaries in 2003 was the highest. Hence, option (c) is correct.
39 (b)
Motor runs 4 for minutes and then is shut down for 1 minute to cool down. Equipment consumes 6 units
of electricity for every minute it runs.
Total consumption = Consumption per minute × Total time
Total number of electrical units consumed by the equipment in 4 minutes = 6 × 4 = 24 units
Total number of electrical units consumed by the equipment in 1 hour = 24 × 12 = 288 units
Total number of electrical units consumed by the equipment in 2 hours = 2 × 288 = 576 units
Hence, option (b) is correct.
40 (c)
Prime number: A number that can be divided exactly by 1 and itself only. For example, 2, 3, 5 etc.
2 is the only even prime number, and 3 is the smallest odd prime number.
As per the question, the digit at units place = 2
The digit at the tens place = 3
Digit at the thousands place = 3 × unit digit = 3 × 2 = 6
Digit at the hundreds place = 2 × unit digit = 2 × 2 = 4
Digit at the ten thousands place = 2 × hundreds place = 2 × 4 = 8
∴ The required number is 86432.
Hence, option (c) is correct.
41 (a)
From statement I:
All numbers have 3 digits, except the smallest number. So, smallest number must be 99, as numbers are
consecutive. Numbers will be from 99 to 105. Their sum can easily be found and its square too.
∴ Statement I alone is sufficient to answer the question.
From statement II:
Largest number is a multiple of 15. Largest number can be 30, 45, 60, 75, and so on. Numbers cannot be
found uniquely, and hence neither the square of their sum.
∴ Statement II alone is not sufficient to answer the question.
Thus, S1 alone is sufficient to answer the Question.
Hence, option (a) is correct.
42 (d)
Terminating decimal:
Numbers that have finite number of digits after the decimal point are called terminating or finite decimals.
e.g., 2.5, 0.25, 8.
Note: All integers are terminating decimals.
Evaluating Statement (1) ALONE:
Statement (1) : X is a multiple of 2.
No information about Y has been provided.
Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient.
Statement (2) : Y is a multiple of 3.
No information about X has been provided.
Evaluating Statements (1) & (2) together:
X is a multiple of 2 & Y is a multiple of 3.
Let us search for a counter example.
When X = 6 and Y = 6, then X/Y is terminating decimal.
When X = 2 and Y = 3, then X/Y is a non-terminating decimal.

Therefore, even both statements together do not provide a DEFINITE answer.
Hence, S1 and S2 together are not sufficient to answer the Question.
Hence, option (d) is correct.
43 (a)
Option (a) is correct. The lines “In most cases, an undergraduate degree should be enough to find good
employment and students in the US taking an undergraduate degree have a distinct advantage over other
countries due to the size of the industry here. There remains a shortage of agriculture graduates too, so it
should not be difficult to find gainful employment”. This reflects that agricultural graduates are readily
employable in the US. So, this best reflects the crux of the passage.
Option (b) is incorrect. There is no discussion on India‟s state of agricultural graduates. Hence, it is not
the crux of the passage.
Option (c) is incorrect. The lines “There remains a shortage of agriculture graduates too, so it should not
be difficult to find gainful employment”. These lines reflect that there is a supply-side issue, not demand
side. Therefore, this option is not the crux of the passage.
Option (d) is incorrect. There is no discussion of any kind of curriculum and its overhauling concerning
the agricultural sector. So, this statement is not the crux of the given passage.
44 (b)
Option (a) is incorrect. The lines “After all, the USA and EU already put high tariffs (import taxes) on
products made cheaply in developing countries (e.g., canned tomatoes, shoes) which could be sold in
America or Europe”. These lines do not mention anything related to rationalization of tariffs. Therefore,
this option is not the central idea of the passage.
Option (b) is correct. The lines “Many also believe it is a deliberate attempt to stop possible economic
competitors” and “By limiting the development of profitable but polluting industries like steel or oil
refineries we are forcing nations to remain economically backward”. These lines best reflect that green
growth is just an excuse to limit developing countries. Hence this best reflects the central idea of the
passage.
Option (c) is incorrect. The passage mentions first world countries imposing green growth on the third
world countries, and hence seems to oppose the idea that third world countries should focus on green
growth.
Option (d) is incorrect. As per the passage, first world countries focus on green growth and use it to limit
the growth of third world countries. So, green growth cannot be a unifier. So, this statement is not the
central idea of the passage.
45 (b)
Statement 1 is incorrect. The passage doesn‟t mention any relation of males with agriculture. Hence, this
assumption is not correct.
Statement 2 is correct. According to the passage, the lines “The research efforts at the ICAR institutes
have tried to relieve her of the drudgery by providing time and labour-saving tools”. Here, the use of
technology shows that women can be given relief. So, the assumption in the statement is correct.
Statement 3 is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Her enlightenment will change the face of rural India”.
However, there is no mention of migration issue. Hence, this assumption is invalid.
Statement 4 is correct. According to the passage, the lines “Vocational training are also being conducted,
to impart skills to undertake different avocations. In extension activities …. to keep her in view. Her
enlightenment” and “Several programmes started at the National Centre for Women in Agriculture and
Krishi Vigyan Kendras, are the right steps in this direction”. Here, these lines reflect those policies that
are working to improve the state of women in agriculture. So, the assumption in the statement is correct.
46 (d)
Option (a) is incorrect. The passage doesn‟t mention any relation between males and agriculture. So, this
option is beyond the scope of the passage. Therefore, it is not the correct implied crux of the passage.
Option (b) is incorrect. This assertion is a little far-fetched, extreme and futuristic based on the
information given in the passage. So, this does not best reflect the crux of the passage.
Option (c) is incorrect. In the passage, there is a discussion on Agri-tech but no mention of the issue or
need for funding it. Also, the focus of the passage is women and not just agriculture. Hence, it is not the
best crux of the passage.

Option (d) is correct. The passage mentions, “Her enlightenment will change the face of rural India”.
This implies that women should be motivated to participate in agriculture. Hence, it is the best among the
given options to be the crux of the given passage.
47 (c)
Statement 1 is incorrect. The passage mentions that “The expertise/technocratic model insists on
efficiency, values experts to take political decisions, and requires limited citizens' involvement”. This
reflects that this model is good for efficiency but the relationship with growth is not certain or established.
So, this statement is not correct.
Statement 2 is incorrect. According to the passage, there are three models of democracy but there is no
comparison of these models with any other model. So, this statement is beyond the scope of the passage.
So, this statement is not a logical inference and is not correct.
Statement 3 is correct. The passage mentions that “These studies all show that a significant proportion of
individuals across various contexts support increased citizen participation in various forms, direct
democracy being particularly popular”. This reflects that citizens should be given more participation in
decision making. So, this statement is correct.
48 (a)
Option (a) is correct. The lines “These studies all show that a significant proportion of individuals across
various contexts support increased citizen participation in various forms, direct democracy being
particularly popular”. This shows that citizens too want participation in decision making.
Option (b) is incorrect. According to the passage, “Some studies focus on more specific instruments of
participation, such as referendums, deliberative, or sortition to involve citizens or even replace politicians
in the decision-making process”. These lines have a limited context related to direct democracy and there
is no discussion on indirect democracy or the amalgamation of the both. So, this option is beyond the
scope of the passage. So, this option is not the best-implied suggestion.
Option (c) is incorrect. The lines “Some studies focus on more specific instruments of participation, such
as referendums, deliberative, or sortition to involve citizens or even replace politicians in the decision-
making process”. There is mention of replacement of politicians but its relationship with efficient
functioning is not established in the passage. So, this statement is not the best-implied suggestion.
Option (d) is incorrect. There is a mention of the popular demand for the participatory model of
democracy. However, the author does not provide an opinion as to whether this is the best model.
Therefore, this statement is not the correct answer.
49 (a)
Let the original price be 100x per litre
Original quantity for Rs. 2000 = 2000/100x
After 5% hike price will be 125x per litre
Quantity after hike = 2000/125x
(2000/100x) – (2000/125x) = 4
On solving this we get x = 1
So, Original price = 100x = 100 × 1 = Rs. 100 per litre
50 (c)
In S1 there is one equation and two variables, so we won‟t be able to solve. In S2 there are two equations
and three variables, so we won‟t be able to solve. Hence, to determine whether X > Y or not, we would
need help of both the statements.
Hence, we can say that S1 and S2 together are sufficient to answer the question.
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.
51 (c)
The test of divisibility for 12 is that the number should be divisible by both 3 and 4. Essentially, x should
be divisible by 3 and 22.
Evaluating statement 1 ALONE:
Knowing that x is divisible by 6 is not enough to answer the question.

x is divisible by 8.
If x is divisible by 8, then x will definitely be divisible by 4.
However, from statement 2 ALONE we cannot know if x is divisible by 3.
Evaluating Statements (1) & (2) together:
x is divisible by 6 & x is divisible by 8.
From statement 1, if x is divisible by 6, it is definitely divisible by 3.
From statement 2, if x is divisible by 8, it is definitely divisible by 4.
So, by combining the two statements, we can conclude that x is divisible by both 3 and 4.
Thus, x is divisible by 12.
Hence, we can say that S1 and S2 together are sufficient to answer the question.
52 (a)
The number of zeroes depend on the number of pairs of 2‟s and 5‟s that can be formed.
24 × 32 × 17 × 23 × 19 = 23 × 31 × 25 × 171 × 23 × 19
As the above product has no 5‟s in it, it will have no zeroes at the end.
53 (b)
If a number is exactly divisible by 8, then the last 3 digits of the number must be divisible by 8. Here the
last 3 digits are 8x4.
Let‟s put values in the given options in the place of x, and check whether it is divisible by 8 or not.
Checking option (b):
Putting x = 2,
824 is exactly divisible by 8.
So, answer is option (b).
54 (c)
p – 3236 = q + 3237 = r – 3238 = s + 3239
Putting s = 0, we get:
p – 3236 = q + 3237 = r – 3238 = 3239
⇒ q + 3237 = 3239
⇒ q = 3239 – 3237 = 2
⇒ p – 3236 = 3239
⇒ p = 3239 + 3236 = 6475
⇒ r – 3238 = 3239
⇒ r = 3239 + 3238 = 6477
Hence, r is the largest number.
55 (a)
HCF of two numbers = 8
LCM of two numbers = 1248
One of the numbers is 96.
Let the other number be x.
Now, LCM × HCF = Product of numbers
⇒ 1248 × 8 = 96 × x
⇒ x = 9984/96
⇒ x = 104
∴ The other number is 104.
56 (b)
Smallest 6-digit number which is divisible by 5 = 100000
⇒ The required number is 100000 + 4 = 100004
∴ Smallest 6-digit number, which when divided by 5 gives a remainder of 4 is 100004.

57 (d)
Simplifying the given expressions, we get:
25 = 32
43 = 64
82 = 64
91 = 9
58 (d)
Statement 1 is correct. The passage mentions, “When this cheap food is sold or given to the Third World,
the local farm economy is destroyed. If the poor and unemployed of the Third World were given access to
land, access to industrial tools, and protection from cheap imports, they could plant high protein/high-
calorie crops and become self-sufficient in food. Reclaiming their land and utilizing the unemployed
would cost these societies almost nothing, feed them well, and save far more money than they now pay for
the so-called cheap imported foods.” So, this assumption is valid.
Statement 2 is correct. According to the passage, “When this cheap food is sold or given, to the Third
World, the local farm economy is destroyed” and “This system is largely kept in place by underpaying the
defeated colonial societies for the real value of their labour and resources, leaving them no choice but to
continue to sell their natural wealth”. It reflects that colonialism in a new form exists. So, this statement
is a valid assumption.
Statement 3 is correct. The passage mentions that “If the poor and unemployed of the Third World were
given access to land, access to industrial tools, and protection from cheap imports, they could plant high
protein/high-calorie crops and become self-sufficient in food”. This reflects that import substitution can
work for third world countries. So, this statement is correct.
Statement 4 is correct. The passage mentions that “If the poor and unemployed of the Third World were
given access to land, … and become self-sufficient in food. Reclaiming their land and utilizing the
unemployed would cost these societies almost nothing, feed them well, and save far more money than they
now pay for the so-called cheap imported foods”. This shows that the poor and unemployed can be
liberated. So, this statement is correct.
59 (a)
Option (a) is correct. The lines, “This system is largely kept in place by underpaying the defeated colonial
societies for the real value of their labour and resources, leaving them no choice but to continue to sell
their natural wealth to the over-paid industrial societies that overwhelmed them”. This reflects that third
world countries need to on work self-growth and balance the skewed structure of trade with the
industrialized world. So, this best reflects the central idea.
Option (b) is close but incorrect. According to the passage, “Highly mechanized farms on large acreages
can produce units of food cheaper than even the poorest paid farmers of the Third World”. The given
option is limited in context and doesn‟t cover the whole passage. So, this option is not the best answer.
Option (c) is incorrect. There is no discussion on agricultural reforms in third world countries, or their
progress state. So, this statement is not the central idea.
Option (d) is incorrect. No discussion on the world community‟s role in changing the economic structure
for opportunities is done in the passage. So, this statement is not the central idea.
60 (b)
Statement (1) is correct. The passage mentions, “An educated citizenry is the greatest asset for any
democratic society.” This implies that education promotes democracy in a great way. So, this assumption
is correct.
Statement (2) is correct. The passage mentions, “Students are known for their readiness to fight for all the
right causes”. The sentence implies that students fight for causes which are right. So, this assumption is
correct.
Statement (3) is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Any keen observer of Indian society would notice that
in the past few decades, no big leader has emerged from the student community.” This means no big
leader has emerged from the student community, but the passage does not mention the reason behind it.
So, we cannot assume the loss of interest in politics as the reason for it. So, this assumption is incorrect.

61 (d)
Option (a) is incorrect. The last sentence of the passage mentions, “This has already begun to impact
learning outcomes — children are unable to catch up with their curriculum.” The conclusion is partially
true, but the passage mentions parents with lower levels of education, not poor parents. We cannot assume
that parents with lower levels of education are poor. So, this option is incorrect.
Option (b) is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Over a fourth of children in households with a
Smartphone could not access it (for those in the lower grades the numbers are significantly higher).” So,
for the lower grade students, the percentage is significantly higher and that cannot be around one fourth.
So, this option is incorrect.
Option (c) is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Although even the availability of a Smartphone in the
household may not have necessarily led to greater access for children.” This implies that such parents
may or may not give their children smartphones. But the reasons behind it have not been discussed. So,
this option is incorrect.
Option (d) is correct. The passage mentions that such households are less likely to have smartphones and
even if they do, it is not necessary that they share them with their children. While other kids may have
access to smartphones. So, students without access to smartphones are facing inequality at this front. This
shows inequality, which is greater at lower grades. So, this is the correct option.
62 (a)
Issue 1 is incorrect. The passage mentions subsidized electricity which can be subsidized either directly by
the government through its reserve or cross-subsidy. The passage nowhere mentions the source of
subsidy, so we cannot assume it.
Issue 2 is incorrect. The passage mentions the depletion of groundwater but it does not necessarily mean
excess use of water. We do not know the source of excess water; it can be surface water or groundwater.
Also, even limited water usage may lead to depletion of groundwater.
Issue 3 is correct. The voltage instability may be one of the components of poor power quality which is
mentioned in the passage.
63 (a)
Option (a) is correct. The passage mentions, “If sports do not serve a social purpose, they are a useless
exercise.” This implies sports are of no use if they are not fulfilling social purpose, i.e. not making a
better world. So, this is the correct option.
Option (b) is incorrect. The passage nowhere mentions that sportspersons should invest or contribute such
prize money in the social welfare sector. But in reference to the last sentence of the passage, we can infer
the same. But it cannot be the main message of the passage anyways. So. this option is incorrect.
Option (c) is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Like any other human activity, sports too should be seen
in the right perspective.” This implies the need for sports to be seen in the right perspective. But it does
not mean that it‟s not already happening. It‟s like saying, “You should study hard”. It does not mean that
you are not already studying hard. This is just a moral statement. So, this is an incorrect option.
Option (d) is incorrect. The passage mentions the role of sportspersons in social purposes. The passage
nowhere mentions the role of government or sponsoring companies in the promotion of sports. So, this is
an incorrect option.
64 (a)
Option (a) is correct. The passage mentions, “It’s often said that we cannot find and develop winners in
various fields unless we create the necessary infrastructure and commit budgets. Yes — but our culture
and attitude must also change.” This implies till we do not change our culture and attitude we may not
find and develop winners. So, these factors are prohibiting us from achieving the result. So, this option is
the most logical and rational inference that can be made from the passage.
Option (b) is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Our current culture does not encourage us to think
beyond what is obvious or the caste system does not permit us to break out but to accept our fate.” The
option is partially correct but we do not know whether it is the root cause or one of the causes. So, this
option is incorrect.
Option (c) is incorrect. The passage mentions, “We are capable of creating leaders in every field. Leaders
who think and act, not leaders who think they act.” This does not imply that leaders are neither thinking
nor acting. This is rather an extreme statement. So, this is an incorrect option.
Option (d) is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Success will come from clarity in our thought, in our
actions and our attitude and not from frantic and cluttered actions.” The passage nowhere mentions that
„our‟ actions are frantic and cluttered. So, this is an incorrect option.
65 (b)
Option (a) is incorrect. The passage nowhere mentions culture as a problem in developing CEOs. Even
though CEO is a leader, it‟s would be a very restricted and narrow view of the issue being discussed in the
passage. So. this option is incorrect.
Option (b) is correct. The passage mentions, “Our current culture does not encourage us to think beyond
what is obvious.” So not thinking beyond what is obvious, or out of the box is a cultural problem. So, this
is the correct option.
Option (c) is incorrect. The passage mentions the word “infrastructure” only. The infrastructure can be
physical or social. So, this is an incorrect option.
Option (d) is incorrect. The passage nowhere mentions lack of leaders as a problem in our culture. Even
when it talks about leaders, it does so in respect of leaders who not only think but also execute. So, quality
of leaders (probably) may be an issue, but not their number. So, this is an incorrect option.
66 (a)
Original fractions and their decimal values are given below-
2/3 = 0.666
3/4 = 0.750
4/5 = 0.800
5/6 = 0.833
Modified fractions and their decimal values are given below-
7/8 = 0.875
8/9 = 0.888
9/10 = 0.900
10/11 = 0.909
Now, change in values of fractions with respect to original fractions are –
(7/8) – (2/3) = 0.875 – 0.666 = 0.209
(8/9) – (3/4) = 0.888 – 0.750 = 0.138
(9/10) – (4/5) = 0.900 – 0.800 = 0.100
(10/11) – (5/6) = 0.909 – 0.833 = 0.076
Hence, we can see that the maximum change in value is in the case of fraction 2/3.
Hence, the correct answer is option (a).
67 (a)
Evaluating Statement 1:
(a + b)2 < (a - b)2
Expanding both sides of the inequality, we get a2 + b2 + 2ab < a2 + b2 - 2ab
Simplifying we get, 4ab < 0 or ab < 0.
So, we can conclude that ab is not positive.
Thus, Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient.
Evaluating Statement 2:
a=b
Product of two positive numbers or two negative numbers will be always positive. But if both a and b are
equal to zero, then ab will be zero too, which is not a positive number.
Thus, Statement 2 ALONE is not sufficient.
68 (d)
9 odd power divided by 10, then it gives 9 as the remainder.
9 even power divided by 10, then it gives 1 as remainder.
56473 is odd.
So, if 1746956473 is divided by 10, then it will give “9” as the remainder.

69 (b)
The terms of the given series are numbers formed by joining together consecutive odd numbers in order,
i.e. 1 and 3, 3 and 5, 5 and 7, 7 and 9, 9 and 11, and so on.
So, missing term = number formed by joining 11 and 13 = 1113
70 (b)
Sum of ages = Average age × Number of members
So, Sum of the present ages of father, mother, son and daughter = 16 × 4 = 64 years.
Let the age of the son be x. Then, the age of the father will be 5x.
After 3 years, age of the son will be (x + 3). The age of the mother will be 3 × (x + 3) = (3x + 9)
So, the present age of the mother = (3x + 9) - 3 = (3x + 6) years
Now, the age of the mother is 6 times the age of the daughter. So, the age of the daughter is (3x + 6)/6
years
x + 5x + (3x + 6) + (3x + 6)/6 = 64
⇒ 6x + 30x + 18x + 36 + 3x + 6 = 64 × 6
⇒ 57x = 384 – 42 = 342
⇒ x = 342/57 = 6
So, Present age of the father = 5x = 5 × 6 = 30 years
71 (d)
1.) S.P. = C.P. × (100 + P%)/100
2.) S.P. = C.P. × (100 – L%)/100
Here, S.P. → Selling price; C.P. → Cost price; P% → Profit%; L% → Loss%
The selling price of P = C.P × (100 + P%)/100 = 25,000 × (100 + 20)/100 = Rs. 30,000
The cost price for Q = Selling price of P = Rs. 30,000
Amount spent by Q on repairing = Rs. 5000
So, total cost price for Q = 30,000 + 5,000 = Rs. 35,000
The selling price for Q = C.P × (100 – L%)/100 = 35,000 × (100 – 25%)/100 = Rs. 26,250
The cost price for S = Selling price for Q = Rs. 26,250
Difference between the cost price for S and the cost price for P = 26,250 – 25,000 = Rs. 1,250
Required percentage = (1,250/25,000) × 100 = 5%
∴ The cost price for S is 5% more than the cost price for P.
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.
72 (a)
We need to select x out of 10 terms.
Selecting 1 out of 10 terms = 10C1 = 10!/(1! × 9!) = 10
∴ Required terms are 10 in number.
Note: We can also solve this question by observing the pattern.
73 (c)
a = b/5 and b = 5c/4
So, a : b = 1 : 5, and b : c = 5 : 4
So, a : b : c = 1 : 5 : 4
∴a:c=1:4
74 (d)
The two-digit odd number means unit digit contains 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9.
Statement 1:
If the sum of digits is even, then both the digits are odd, such as 33, 31, 75, 77, 99, etc.
Or both the digits are even, such as 24, 46, 64, etc.
So, Statement 1 alone is not sufficient
Statement 2:
When even number or odd number is multiplied by 2, then we always get an even number.
So, Statement 2 alone is not sufficient.
Even by using both statements together, we do not get to know whether the number is even or odd.
∴ S1 and S2 together are not sufficient to answer the Question.
75 (d)
Statement S1 does not clarify whether P is greater than 90 or not, as a two-digit number ranges between
10 to 99. So, P may or may not be greater than 90.
Statement S2 does not clarify whether P is greater than 90 or not, as 'P is greater than 80' means P may be
less than 90 too. So, it is not definite if P > 90.
The range of P that can be deduced from both the statements is 80 < P < 99.
Again, it is not definite that P > 90.
So, none of the statements individually or taken together can decide the solution to the problem.
76 (b)
Statement 1: x > 0
We know that x is a positive number.
Interval 1: If 0 < x < 1, then x3 < x2.
For example, (0.5)3 = 0.125, (0.5)2 = 0.25
Interval 2: If x > 1, then x3 > x2
For example, 23 = 8, 22 = 4
We do NOT have a DEFINITE answer using statement 1. So, Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient.
Statement 2: x < 1
Interval 1: For positive values of x, i.e., 0 < x < 1, we know that x3 < x2.
Interval 2: For negative values of x, x3 will be a negative number and x2 will be a positive number.
Hence, x3 < x2
Lastly, what is the answer if x = 0?
When x = 0, x3 = x2.
Hence, if we know that x < 1, then we can conclude that x3 is NOT GREATER THAN x2.
We have a DEFINITE answer.
Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient.
Hence, option (b) is correct.
77 (d)
Option (a) is incorrect. The option is true in the context of the first line of the passage. But this option
covers only learning aspects. It does not cover behavior, stress and mental health.
Option (b) is incorrect. The option is true in the context of the passage. But the option covers only nature
of a child, which is a very vague term. It may or may not cover psychological and physical development.
Also, there‟s no mention of the term “development”, which is the central idea of the passage. When we
compare it with option (d), it looks a less likeable candidate. It‟s not incorrect, but less correct.
Option (c) is incorrect. The option is true as the passage mentions „violent behaviors‟ as an outcome of
adverse childhood experiences. But again, this option does not cover other aspects like mental health,
learning and psychological development. It is very narrow.
Option (d) is correct. The option mentions psychophysical development. The psychophysical development
here covers educational attainment or learning level, behavior, mental health, stress and healthy brain. So,
this option best reflects the crux of the passage, as it covers almost every aspect mentioned in the passage.
78 (a)
Option (a) is correct. The passage mentions how internet vernacularisation has enhanced our lives by
diversifying the availability of languages, massification, digital consumption and interactions, digital
nationalism, populism and understanding the regional public sphere. In a broader sense, it has transformed
our digital world. So, the option best sums up all the points mentioned in the passage.
Option (b) is incorrect. The option is true in the context of the passage. But the option covers only the
enhancing local or regional languages aspect. It does not cover other aspects like digital consumption and
interactions, digital nationalism, populism, etc. It‟s very narrow.
Option (c) is incorrect. The option is true as the passage mentions, “The most important contribution of
internet vernacularisation is the vast amount of user-generated online content available in various Indian
languages.” But it does not cover other aspects. It‟s very narrow.
Option (d) is incorrect. The option is true in the context of the last sentence of the passage. But it does not
cover other aspects. It‟s very narrow.
79 (b)
Assumption (1) is correct. The passage mentions “The most important contribution of internet
vernacularization is the vast amount of user-generated online content available in various Indian
languages.”. So, this assumption is correct.
Assumption (2) is incorrect. The passage nowhere mentions that internet vernacularization has increased
the accessibility of the internet. It has mentioned how internet vernacularization has enhanced
consumption, data, nationalism, populism, etc. So, this assumption is incorrect.
Assumption (3) is correct. The passage mentions the „rise of digital consumption and interactions’. This
implies enhanced interaction or interactivity among users. So, this assumption is correct.
80 (c)
Option (a) is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Those charged with setting the right example have a duty
to power through, especially when their decisions may negatively influence our delicate social
fabric.” The passage nowhere mentions that they set the right example in „every‟ situation, rather they
„should‟. It mentions that their acts must be right, else it may damage the social fabric. So, this option is
incorrect.
Option (b) is close, but incorrect. The passage talks about humanity, but it gives extra emphasis on the
action of „Those charged with setting the right example‟, not everyone. This option fails to cover that part.
So, this option is incorrect.
Option (c) is correct. The passage mentions, “In philosophy, this is the thesis of moral overridingness: the
idea that the moral position is always supreme however complicated the situation.” This implies in every
situation whether complicated or not, we must put our moral values above all. It also mentions, “Those
charged with setting the right example have a duty to power through,….”. So, it‟s even more important
for people who are considered responsible in society. So, this option is correct.
Option (d) is close, but incorrect. The option is correct as the passage mentions, “The amazing thing about
humanity is that we are capable of doing things that don’t benefit us personally, for no other reason than
it’s the right thing to do.” But it does not seem to reflect the best suggestion in comparison to option (c),
which covers the message of the passage more comprehensively. So, this option is less correct, if not
entirely incorrect.
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